Interpersonal Metaphor Research Articles

Preferences of interpersonal metaphor of modality in academic disciplines

Preferences of interpersonal metaphor of modality in academic disciplines

Register-based distribution of expressions of modality in COCA

This research scrutinizes expressions of modality at both word and clause ranks. Expressions at the former rank encompass modal verbal operators, modal adjuncts, and modal nominalizations, and expressions at the latter rank encompass ‘explicit subjective’ orientation such as I think and ‘explicit objective’ orientation, such as it is possible. These latter expressions are designated as interpersonal metaphors of modality within the framework proposed by Halliday. Previous studies delimited the distribution of expressions of modality either at word rank or at clause rank; in addition, they undertheorized the relationship between this distribution of modality and formality of registers because the register is testified to be an influential factor in the distribution of expressions of modality. This study, drawing on such statistical methods as variation analysis and correlation analysis, explored the distribution of expressions of modality at both word and clause ranks across registers with different degrees of formality by employing the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The findings are summarized as follows. First, registers in COCA employ expressions of modality with low and/or median values to judge the proposition at issue for the purpose of entertaining other varying voices. Second, in more formal registers, language users seem to prefer modal nominalizations to modal verbal operators and modal adjuncts at word rank, and ‘explicit objective’ orientation to ‘explicit subjective’ orientation at clause rank. In doing so, they could efficiently conceal the commentators’ subjective meaning, and thus, the objectivity of propositions is highlighted. This study will shed light on the full understanding of the distribution of expressions of modality across registers and the application of such theory as interpersonal metaphor of modality in SFL.

Readability and adaptation of children’s literature: an interpersonal metaphor perspective

Abstract Readability receives attention from people with different theoretical bases. Starting from a new perspective of interpersonal metaphor, this paper aims to deal with the readability and adaptation of children’s literary work. Adopting a qualitative method, this paper selects a small portion of the data from a larger data set for illustration, in the hope of approaching the two aspects: (1) the manners of realization in the adaptation of the parts concerning mood and modality metaphor in the data; (2) the strategies of the adjustment of interpersonal metaphor-related parts in the data, and the effect of these strategies on readability. The research findings are: (1) two manners of realizations have been found regarding adjustment and readability involving either mood or modality metaphor; (2) three strategies are evidenced to be entailed: unpacking, demetaphorization, and maintenance, where the first two reduce readability, and the last one contributes to the same readability. Thanks to the consistency in the exploitation of the theoretical basis, the study offers fresh insights into readability studies.

A Comparison of Chinese-English News Metaphors for Corpus Analysis in the Context of Big Data Technology

Abstract In this paper, firstly, the Chinese-English news corpus is constructed using crawler technology, and a distributed retrieval system is designed to search the Chinese-English data in the corpus. Secondly, the potential semantic analysis algorithm is improved to extract semantic information from the Chinese-English corpus and realize the semantic search data source. Finally, by designing the experimental environment as well as the samples of the Chinese-English news corpus, the performance of the corpus as well as the distribution retrieval performance are analyzed, and the comparison of Chinese-English news metaphors is explored. The results show that the system’s word-level accuracy is 96.32% when the training corpus size reaches 100,000 word-level, the F-value is 96.08, and the latency of 1Mb/s is higher than the latency of 3Mb/s and the latency time of 5M/s, and the corresponding latency is always stabilized within 1.0. The proportion of conceptual metaphors in Chinese news is above 0.5, while in English news, the proportion is mostly around 0.3. Most of the Chinese news is conceptual metaphors, while most English news is interpersonal metaphors.

Polarity metaphor in English: Definition, identification, and categorization

The original Hallidayan term “polarity metaphor” (PM) originally illustrated a linguistic phenomenon under interpersonal metaphor, but no further studies on PM have been seen in the literature since then. The present study thus aims to define and identify PM so as to add understanding to the theory of grammatical metaphor. Instances from the BNC have been observed and it is found that PM is a category with both ideational and interpersonal meanings. Ideational PM can be categorized into participation, qualification, processation, and circumstantiation, while interpersonal PM can be realized through the tension between mood and speech function, or through the variational expressions of modality. With such observations, a comparatively delicate cline of polarity can be drawn ranging from full positivity to full negativity, PM being in between. Likewise, a cline of PM can be drawn with validity and actualization on one end and arguability and negotiability on the other.

Communication and Conflict: Interpersonal Metaphor in the Movie Carnage

Interpersonal metaphor, as one constituent of grammatical metaphor in systemic-functional grammar, is mainly represented by metaphor of mood and metaphor of modality. The language of the movie Carnage is abound with interpersonal metaphors in diverse context of “communication” and “conflict” respectively. By summarizing the application of two types of interpersonal metaphor in specific contexts of “communication” and “conflict”, interlocutors’ purposes of using interpersonal metaphor in communicating with others and the communicative effects they intend to achieve can be analyzed to further reveal the functions of interpersonal metaphor and contribute to people’s better understanding of the art of language.

A Corpus-Based Study of Interpersonal Metaphors of Modulation in Academic English

This article presents a study on the synchronic distributions of interpersonal metaphors of modulation based on the British National Corpus (BNC). The synchronic research reveals that interpersonal metaphors of modulation are mode-sensitive to written texts. Regarding genre distribution, metaphorical obligations driven by the explicit orientation dominate fiction texts. In contrast, the objective orientation drives obligations to be more prevalent in academic texts or more technical genres. The objective orientation of metaphorical inclinations is notably prevalent in newspapers and magazines other than academic texts. Besides, the findings highlight that the inherent personal and subjective characteristics of interpersonal modulations remain unchanged in their metaphorical forms, demonstrating less objectivity compared to ideational metaphors in highly technical disciplines.

Historical explanations in the Rettig Report: The role of interpersonal grammatical metaphors

This article explores different realizations of modality meanings in Spanish written language and their contribution to dialogic positionings in the field of the historical explanations provided in The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (1991) regarding human rights violations during Pinochet’s dictatorship in Chile (1973–1990). From an ideological, socio-semiotic perspective anchored in the theoretical framework provided by Systemic Functional Linguistics, the analysis focuses on congruent and metaphorical expressions of modality in the text and their contribution to authors’ positionings as organized in the system of engagement, considering, at the lexicogrammatical level, the place of modality in the interpersonal, ideational, and logical structure of the clause. The analysis shows the productive role of a range of realizations of modality meanings in the discourse to construe an interpretation of a conflicting, traumatic recent past and to present and validate the authorial voice regarding its mission and actions. An outline of grammatical interpersonal metaphors of modality for Spanish written language is also presented.

INTERPERSONAL METAPHOR IN R. S. REGIN SILVEST AND MALINI GANAPATHY’S ANTHOLOGY OF COVID-19 POEMS.

This study investigates Interpersonal Metaphor in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems. The objectives of the study are (1) to analyze the kinds of interpersonal metaphor applied in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems, (2) to describe how the interpersonal metaphor applied in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems, (3) and to explain the reason for the realization of interpersonal metaphor in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems. This study conducted qualitative research, and as the result of fifty poems there are thirty five Poems of Covid-19 that indicate as Interpersonal Metaphor. Result revealed that there were sixty-three Interpersonal metaphor found in this study namely, Interpersonal metaphor of Mood were thirty-seven and Interpersonal Metaphor of Modality were twenty-six, Interpersonal Metaphor of Mood applied in the Speech Function, namely, Question in Declarative Mood were 18 (49%), Command in Declarative Mood were 13 (35%), Statement in Interrogative Mood were 5 (13%), Question in Imperative Mood 1 (3%), And Interpersonal Metaphor of Modality applied in kinds of modality namely, Modalization were 14 (54%) and Modulation were 12 (46%). From thirty five poems of Covid-19 which consist of Interpersonal Metaphor, there were four meanings and messages found, Expressing the fear of Covid-19 were 15 (43%), Expressing advice and lesson about Covid-19 11 were (31%), Delivering the spirit and positive energy during Covid-19 Pandemic were 5 were (14%) and Expressing hope for better days were 4 (12%).

REALIZATIONS OF MODALITY IN TEACHER-TO-TEACHER TALK OF FORCED ONLINE LEARNING

The objective of this study was to describe the ways the modality was realized in teacher-to-teacher talk of forced online learning. The data of this study were sentences expressing modality uttered by teachers while they were talking about forced online learning. Participant observation technique was performed to collect the data. Based on the data analysis conducted it was found that modality was realized through modal operators (47%), modal adjuncts (27%), interpersonal metaphors (16%), and predicator constituents (10%). The use of modal operators which was mostly found in realizing the modality indicates that the teachers tend to talk and think about states of affairs that are not present in the current situation and may never occur in the natural world. Moreover, there are some combinations of the realizations realized, namely: modal adjuncts and interpersonal metaphors; modal operators and predicator constituents; modal operators and modal adjuncts; interpersonal metaphors and predicator constituents; modal operators and interpersonal metaphors; modal operators, modal adjuncts, and interpersonal metaphors; and modal operators, interpersonal metaphors, and predicator constituents. It shows that teachers use some ways to assert or deny and to prescribe or proscribe when they express their judgments on forced online learning especially in informal situations.

INTERPERSONAL METAPHOR OF MOOD IN ANTHONY DOERR’S NOVEL ALL THE LIGHT WE CANNOT SEE

This study aims to explore the transference of mood in interpersonal metaphor. The design method is descriptive and the approach is qualitative research. The main data are taken from the novel All the Light We Cannot See written by Anthony Doerr. The analysis is done by identifying the interpersonal metaphor of mood in the novel, describing them, and determining the dominant transference by using the percentage formula. 160 pages or one-third of the novel were taken as the data of this study. By completing the steps of the objectives, the significance is to give a thorough comprehension about interpersonal metaphor of mood and the transferences occurred in the sentences whether it is in texts or in speeches. The finding shows that the dominant mood found in the novel is declarative which reaches 44% occurrences. The second mood which often occurs in the novel is interrogative with 40%. The third is command in interrogative mood with 12%occurences and the statement in imperative mood follows with 4% occurrences; while there two patterns which cannot be found in the novel. They are question in declarative mood and imperative mood. It implies that most sentences in the novel give command in declarative form.

The Analysis of Mood System through Interpersonal Metaphor in Public Service Advertising Texts

Public service advertisement can indicate the relationship between the advertiser and the audience as well as the interaction and negotiation between them. Based on the systemic functional grammar, this research aims to investigate the interpersonal meaning of mood system through interpersonal metaphor. The tagged declaratives, rather than the normal declaratives, make the statement more attractive and impressive. The modulate interrogative, rather than the normal imperative; make the command more impressive and persuasive.

Interpersonal and Ideational Metaphors in the Writing of Thesis Texts of Undergraduate Students of English Study Program: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach

This study describes how interpersonal and ideational metaphors were realised in th writing of theses texts written by undergraduate students of English study program. This study is a documentary analysis of descriptive method. Data in the form of corpus data were randomly taken from 15 theses among 70 theses in population. Data were analyzed by focusing on the semantic functions covering interpersonal and ideational metaphors. The results showed that interpersonal metaphor was realised in mood system and modality. Mood system was realised mostly in declarative clauses than interrogative and imperative ones. This fact was caused by the channel of text, written text. Modality was least used in the texts. Ideational metaphor was sin transitivity system in which material process was mostly applied than mental, behaviour, existential, relational and verbal processes. Nominalisation was selected as the mostly used property of linguistic feature in writing theses. Ideational metaphor was more used than interpersonal metaphor. This fact happens due to the text channel, written text. Therefore, it is suggested that lecturers in their teaching should consider their teaching by including metaphorical meaning, especially ideational and interpersonal metaphors. Besides, it is suggested to conduct research by comparing languages, national or international languages such as between Indonesian and English or else.

A corpus-based study of interpersonal metaphors of modality in English

ABSTRACT This article conducts a COHA-based study on the diachronic and synchronic distributions of interpersonal metaphors of modality. The diachronic research finds that the metaphorization of modality occurs towards two directions, one being from the implicit orientation to the explicit orientation, and the other being from the subjective orientation to the objective orientation. The synchronic research finds that interpersonal metaphors of modality are genre sensitive, but this sensitivity is determined by the shift from the subjective orientation to the objective orientation rather than from the implicit orientation to the explicit orientation. The findings show that interpersonal metaphors of modality arise from the transcategorization within the semantic domains, and it is objectification rather than explicitation that is the characteristic feature of the relatively more technical non-fiction texts.

INTERPERSONAL METAPHOR IN “INDONESIA NOW” ENGLISH NEWS TV PROGRAM

This study investigates interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” English news TV program based on Systemic Functional Linguistics approach. The objective of the study are to identify what types of interpersonal metaphors in “Indonesia Now”, to describe how those interpersonal metaphors are used, and to explain in what context those interpersonal metaphor are used. A qualitative descriptive research design was applied. The data were taken from one weekly broadcast Indonesia Now in January to June 2017. The data were collected by recording the “Indonesia Now” program on Metro TV, then transcribing the program broadcasts into written text, classifying the data into types of interpersonal metaphors and then drawing conclusion from the data. The findings of the study show that there are five types of interpersonal metaphor used in “Indonesia Now”, namely metaphor of mood, modality, epithet, euphemism, and connotation. The use of interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” is realized by use of incongruent types of expressing meaning in interaction. In addition, the use of interpersonal metaphor, it is also found that expressing emotion as the new findings of this study which not in line with the previous theories. The speaker use interpersonal metaphor to accurately reflect their point of view and express the emotion and this purpose can be achieved with the reference to social context which named context of situation.Keyword: Interpersonal metaphor, Systemic Functional Linguistic, Indonesia Now

A Study on the Pragmatic Value of Interpersonal Metaphor in Literary Works — A Case Study of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles

Grammatical metaphor refers to depicting the same scenes or things in the objective world with different forms of expression. It mainly includes two parts: interpersonal metaphor and ideational metaphor. Interpersonal metaphor is divided into metaphors of mood and metaphors of modality. Metaphors of mood are the transfer from one modal domain to another. The metaphors of modality change from implicit to explicit and reflect in the form of proposition. Language not only has the function of expressing the speaker's personal experience and inner activity, but also can express the speaker's identity, attitude, motivation and his/her inference, judgment and evaluation of things. Therefore, based on the frequency of the use of interpersonal metaphor, the reader can accurately grasp the information exchanged by the speakers. This paper applies interpersonal metaphor to analyze the discourses of the main characters in Tess of the D'Urbervilles by using declarative which is used as command as well as question; interrogative, which is used as command as well as statement, etc. in metaphors of mood and using the subjective explicit as well as objective explicit in metaphors of modality. Through the different expressions of the character discourse, speech function embodied in the discourse is interpreted to help the reader understand the theme of the text more easily, thereby revealing the pragmatic value of interpersonal metaphor in the analysis of literary works.

INTERPERSONAL METAPHOR IN “INDONESIA NOW” ENGLISH NEWS TV PROGRAM

ABSTRACTThis study investigates interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” English news TV program based on Systemic Functional Linguistics approach. The objective of the study are to identify what types of interpersonal metaphors in “Indonesia Now”, to describe how those interpersonal metaphors are used, and to explain in what context those interpersonal metaphor are used. A qualitative descriptive research design was used in this study. The data were taken from one weekly broadcast Indonesia Now in January to June 2017. The data were collected by recording the “Indonesia Now” program on Metro TV, then transcribing the program broadcasts into written text, classifying the data into types of interpersonal metaphors and then drawing conclusion from the data. The findings of the study show that there are five types of interpersonal metaphor used in “Indonesia Now”, namely metaphor of mood, modality, epithet, euphemism, and connotation. The use of interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” is realized by use of incongruent types of expressing meaning in interaction. In addition, the use of interpersonal metaphor, it is also found that expressing emotion as the new findings of this study which not in line with the previous theories. The speaker use interpersonal metaphor to accurately reflect their point of view and express the emotion and this purpose can be achieved with the reference to social context which named context of situation. Keywords: Interpersonal Metaphor, Systemic Functional Linguistic, Indonesia Now

The Adequacy of Grammatical Metaphor to Account for World Languages

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Interpersonal metaphor revisited: identification, categorization, and syndrome

ABSTRACTGrammatical metaphor (ideational metaphor and interpersonal metaphor as sub-categories) “leads to an expansion of the meaning potential: by creating new patterns of structural realization, it opens up new systemic domains of meaning”. Ideational metaphor has been extensively studied in terms of identification, categorization, and application. Interpersonal metaphor, though being readily applicable to interaction-oriented disciplines, has not been studied in depth and many issues remain to be tackled. One significant issue is how to identify interpersonal metaphor, metaphors of mood in particular. With instances from the CORP corpus built out of successful reply posts by doctors and nurses on the health forum of doctorslounge.com, we propose two principles (Context-first Principle and AS IF Principle) that can be used to identify both metaphors of mood and metaphors of modality. Categories of interpersonal metaphor and the metaphoric syndrome can thus be described in a consistent way.

On the Classification of Semantic Changes in Grammatical Metaphor

In terms of the correlations of grammatical metaphor, semantics and semogenesis, grammatical metaphor is studied as regard to its influence on semantic meanings. Theory of image schema in cognitive linguistic, together with the semantic analysis in semantics, is being adopted into the classification of change in semantic meanings, which is embedded in linguistic and non-linguistic level. Later it was found out that both ideational metaphor and interpersonal metaphor can create these four types of semantic changes, namely, semantic reduction, semantic addition, semantic inconsistence, and semantic reconstruction. Some human’s cognitive characteristics and cognitive processes are also revealed by this interdisciplinary approach of combining grammatical metaphor with other fields, such as cognitive linguistics and cognitive pragmatics.