Interpersonal Conversations Research Articles

Communication Apprehension and Coping Strategies of the English Language Learners: Basis for Interactive Activities Enrichment

Communication apprehension is an uneasiness experienced by all individuals, especially when speaking. Meanwhile, coping strategies are approaches people use in dealing with anxiety. This study determined the level of communication apprehension and coping strategies of the BSED-English major students of the College of Education (CED), Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Tampilisan Campus. The researchers used the descriptive survey method utilizing the survey-questionnaire checklists. The first instrument was adopted from McCroskey's (1981) cited in Diane (2015) Personal Report of Communication Apprehension 24 (PRCA-24). The other one is the validated researchers-made survey statements comprising 30-item statements categorized as strategies for overcoming communication apprehension in group discussions, meetings, interpersonal conversation, and public speaking, with a Cronbach's alpha value of >0.70. The researchers also adopted McCroskey and Richmond's coding and scoring system, weighted mean, and frequency count. Results show that most of the English major students in JRMSU-TC have a moderate level of communication apprehension. Further, there is a difference in the level of communication apprehension when grouped according to group discussion, meetings, interpersonal communication, and public speaking, as well as in the overall weighted mean. Therefore, there is a difference in the level of communication apprehension of the BSED English major students when grouped according to year level. In terms of coping strategies, students used the following strategies: accepting cultural differences, paying attention when talking to others and considering their cultural views, thoroughly preparing before the speech, and thinking of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as a reward. In this connection, there are proposed interactive activities that may help overcome the students' communication apprehension.

Share If You Believe, Comment If You Doubt: The Effect of Source of Information, Trust, and Belief in Conspiracy Theories on Engagement with Facebook Posts.

This study examines the effect of one of three sources of information: a politician (authority figure), a physician (expert), and an ordinary person (non-expert) who appeared in a personal story related to a controversial issue (COVID-19 vaccination) on Facebook, on the willingness to engage with it. Using a between-subjects experiment (N = 848) conducted among Israeli adults (18 and older), we found a higher likelihood of sharing the story in interpersonal conversations than in other types of communications, regardless of the source that appeared in the story. However, respondents with high levels of institutional trust preferred sharing a politician's story, while conspiracy believers tended to comment on an ordinary person's story. The findings of the different patterns of communication behavior among conspiracy believers and people with high trust in political institutes contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the spread of misinformation in the digital age and during times of crisis.

ORAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

The communication apprehension is the anxiety or fear experienced by an individual before or during communicating and is one of the major barriers in communication among youth in their academics and professional growth. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study communication apprehension among postgraduate students of Punjab in English language. Data was collected through questionnaire from 200 postgraduate students drawn from four oldest and well-established universities of Punjab state. It was found that majority of students had moderate level of oral communication apprehension (OCA) in English. Further, it was found that majority of respondents had moderate level followed by low level and high level of apprehension during group discussions, interpersonal conversations and public speaking whereas in meetings most of the students had moderate level followed by high level and low level of apprehension. It was also found that on the average, students were most apprehensive in meetings followed by public speaking, interpersonal conversations and group discussions. As the communication apprehension restricts the overall growth of the studentshence, it is recommended that more communication opportunities should be provided to students and focus should be laid upon the overall development of student's personality in order to decrease their apprehension.

The Effects of Wage Information on Support for Redistributive Spending

Public support for redistributive policies (e.g., Medicaid) depends in part on the perceived need and deservingness of beneficiaries. However, the average citizen is not well informed about the economic conditions of their fellow citizens. In this article, we explore how information about average earnings of the working poor (a group generally seen as deserving) influences support for redistributive spending. Two survey experiments test whether support for such spending is affected by information about the average incomes of low-wage occupations (e.g., home health aides and retail sales workers). We additionally explore potential mechanisms for this effect, including empathy. An exploratory study finds an effect, but a pre-registered confirmatory study yields substantively small findings with inconsistent significance. Even when participants both receive detailed information about low-wage occupations’ salaries and are encouraged to recall people who they know in those jobs, the treatment has no substantial effect. Given the strength of this treatment and the lack of consistent effects, we conclude that interventions providing information about low-income salaries (e.g., in news coverage or interpersonal conversation) are unlikely to have a substantive effect on support for redistribution.

The interpersonal conversation is also a medical task

Existential suffering refers to the distress arising from an inner realisation that life has lost its meaning or when life is threatened by disease. Compassionate and conscious conversation conducted by healthcare professionals is a way to alleviate existential suffering. In this review, we present a simple conversation tool which can be used to structure and build experience in end-of-life conversations and alleviation of existential suffering. The tool aims for patients to feel dignified and better understood in their existential questions and for doctors to feel better equipped in helping the patients with their suffering.

Insights for opponents on fostering interaction in the public defence of a doctoral dissertation

The public defence of a doctoral dissertation is a multifaceted, demanding interaction situation, in which the Doctoral Candidate and the Opponent have a conversation about the Candidate’s doctoral dissertation. The public defence is an honoured tradition and, in many countries, one of the key celebratory moments in academia. In Finland, the event is public and rather formal. The public defence has received little focus in research and academic discussion from the perspective of social interaction, in which the Opponent has a central role. The interpersonal communication competence of the Opponent largely determines the nature of the public defence. Hence, there is need for guidelines and support for the Opponents’ communication. The aim of our article is to describe the typical conventions of Finnish public defence for those unfamiliar with it and provide insights into public defence as an interaction situation. Additionally, we offer communication guidelines for the Opponents on how to construct effective and appropriate interaction in public defence and help those granted the honour to prepare and conduct their duties competently. We cover both the interpersonal conversation between the Candidate and the Opponent, and the engagement with the listeners.

Interpersonal Conversation Analysis of Physician Identity Construction Based on Doctor-patient Corpus

Interpersonal Conversation Analysis of Physician Identity Construction Based on Doctor-patient Corpus

Conversational Coordination Skills Of Engineering Students—An Interpersonal Communication Perspective

Interpersonal skills are the fulcrum on which the levers of interpersonal relations revolve. It is imperative to maintain interpersonal rapport and conduct ourselves with the requisite communication competence with others. Interpersonal skills are the conduit through which students interact with others effectively and appropriately. Duality in interpersonal interactions determines the extent to which our conversations succeed or fail. Duality is a process where individuals feel respected and heard in their conversations. The foundational pillar of duality in interpersonal communication is reciprocity. Monopolizing communication is the antithesis of a productive conversation. This could amount to egotism or narcissism. Competent communicators talk and help others to express themselves. Participants in a conversation cannot have a huge number of latency pauses that stifle the smoothness of a conversation. Smooth coordination, turn taking, listening patiently without being judgemental, giving co-communicators opportunities to express their views and opinions are the crux of interpersonal communication competence. Results indicated that competent communicators not only talk and express their views but take it as a solemn responsibility to give others also a chance to express their views. Conversational narcissism defeats the purpose of smooth conversations. Further, students indicated that their overall conversational communication competence needs to improve. This paper will deal with the significance of conversational skills, the various elements of conversational coordination, the need to cultivate a reciprocal give and take in all our interpersonal interactions, what constitutes good conversational coordination, and why many of our conversations become awkward, laborious, and cumbersome. A meta-analysis of various findings of the relevance of interpersonal conversational coordination skills is discussed here. Finally, the steps to be taken to ensure that our interpersonal conversations are smooth and courteous marked by reciprocity, respect, and empathy will be discussed.

A formal understanding of computational empathy in interactive agents

Interactive software agents, such as chatbots, are progressively being used in the area of health and well-being. In such applications, where agents engage with users in interpersonal conversations for, e.g., coaching, comfort or behavior-change interventions, there is an increased need for understanding agents’ empathic capabilities. In the current state-of-the-art, there are no tools to do that. In order to understand empathic capabilities in interactive software agents, we need a precise notion of empathy. The literature discusses a variety of definitions of empathy, but there is no consensus of a formal definition. Based on a systematic literature review and a qualitative analysis of recent approaches to empathy in interactive agents for health and well-being, a formal definition—an ontology—of empathy is developed. We present the potential of the formal definition in a controlled user-study by applying it as a tool for assessing empathy in two state-of-the-art health and well-being chatbots; Replika and Wysa. Our findings suggest that our definition captures necessary conditions for assessing empathy in interactive agents, and how it can uncover and explain trends in changing perceptions of empathy over time. The definition, implemented in Web Ontology Language (OWL), may serve as an automated tool, enabling systems to recognize empathy in interactions—be it an interactive agent evaluating its own empathic performance or an intelligent system assessing the empathic capability of its interlocutors.

Predicting compliance with interpersonal masking requests: insights from relational framing and reactance theories

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, myriad factors contributed to disagreements around the use of masks to curb the public health crisis. Against this backdrop, this study spotlights how interactional processes predict masking compliance following an interpersonal discussion. The sample included 345 U.S. adults who were requested to put on a face mask in a conversation. The results showed control variables, such as gender, political orientation, and attitude toward masking, are associated with post-interaction masking compliance. Controlling for these factors, involvement and reactance both reduced compliance; involvement amplified the negative impact of reactance on compliance, supporting the general intensifier hypothesis in relational framing theory. The discussion advocates for a close examination of interpersonal conversations as a result of health campaigns.

The Ability of Second Grade Senior High School Students in Speaking Transactional and Interpersonal Conversation at SMA Negeri 7 Padang

Speaking is often tested to the students beside listening, reading and writing. Moreover, speaking is an important skill. Students can express their feeling, ideas or opinion through speaking. In addition, students should be able to retell meaning of the monologue and functional texts or produce a transactional/interpersonal dialogue. The object of the data is the second grade students of SMAN 7 Padang. Speaking test was used to get information about the students’ ability in transactional and interpersonal conversation. The indicators are grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency. Based on the findings and discussion above there are four conclusions that can be drawn in this research. First, the ability of the students in speaking transactional and interpersonal conversation viewed from grammar aspect is fair. Second, the ability of the students in speaking transactional and interpersonal conversation viewed from vocabulary aspect is fair. Third, the ability of the students in speaking transactional and interpersonal conversation viewed from comprehension aspect was fair. Forth, the ability of the students in speaking transactional and interpersonal conversation viewed from fluency aspect is fair.

New Era Curriculum: Offline and Online Interactive Learning Has Been Effective ?

This look at objectives to determine: (1) differences in English studying effects among students who are taught the use of on line and offline getting to know media, (2) variations in mastering effects for college students who've open and closed interpersonal communication, (3) interactions between using learning media and interpersonal verbal exchange in influencing students' English gaining knowledge of outcomes. The quasi-experimental research method and through the necessities had been used, the research speculation has been tested the usage of 2-way ANOVA at a significance degree of α = 0.05 formerly executed the normality necessities test with Lilifors and the homogeneity of variance test with the Barlett take a look at and Fisher's check. The consequences of testing the hypothesis had been received: (1) the getting to know consequences of college students who are taught English the use of on-line studying media are better than offline learning media, that is indicated by means of Fcount = 6.596 Ftable = three.94, (2) the learning consequences of students who've open interpersonal communication has been better than closed interpersonal this is shown by Fcount = eleven.18 > Ftable = 3.94, and (three) there has been an interplay between the use of educational media and interpersonal conversation in influencing English studying outcomes, specifically Fcount = 68.38 Ftable = 3 ,94.

A Critical Instance Case Study of Interpersonal Conversations Accounting Managers and Accounting Employees in the United States

A Critical Instance Case Study of Interpersonal Conversations Accounting Managers and Accounting Employees in the United States

Stereotypical Questions: How Stereotypes About Conversation Partners Are Reflected in Question Formulations.

In conversations, activated stereotypes about conversation partners can influence communicative behaviors. We investigate whether and how stereotypes about categorized conversation partners shape topic choice and the types of questions asked. In three experiments, participants imagined having a conversation. Gender or age stereotypes of the conversation partner were manipulated by means of a picture. Results show a higher likelihood of addressing conversation and question topics consistent with stereotypic expectancies about conversation partners. Moreover, stereotypes were reflected in subtle variations in question formulations. When questions address stereotype-consistent topics, they are likelier formulated with high-frequency adverbs and positive valence, while questions addressing stereotype-inconsistent topics more likely contain low-frequency adverbs and negative valence. In addition, Experiment 4 suggests that recipients are sensitive to detect that questions reflect stereotypes about themselves, which can influence the evaluation of the conversation and partner. We discuss the consequences of biased question asking for interpersonal conversation and stereotype maintenance.

The effect of narrative persuasion on interpersonal talk and attitude (the case of COVID-19)

PurposeThe importance of effective public messages has been widely recognized during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, the role of news items and interpersonal conversations for the acceptance of public health measures has been highlighted. The authors propose a conceptual model based on the existing literature on how to measure the degree of persuasion of news narratives in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a whole population approach, where the unit of analysis was the population of the media news about the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors selected a sample to develop and test their conceptual model. The sample size was n = 248. The questionnaire was distributed online using a non-probability convenience sampling plan. The authors used a pre-post pseudo-experimental design. Respondents answered questions about their attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic. After watching a narrative news report on the same subject, they then answered questions designed to measure changes in their attitude. A structural equation model, the Sobel test and a paired samples t-test were used to test hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that there is a significant relationship between narrative with transportation and empathy. There was also a positive and significant relationship between transportation and empathy with attitude and interpersonal talk. The relationship between transportation and self-referencing was also supported. Further, transportation and attitude mediated the relationships between narrative and interpersonal talk, self-referencing as well as empathy. A paired samples t-test revealed that attitudes were changed or reinforced before and after watching the narrative news report.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the outcomes of narrative persuasion during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of Message Framing and Narrative Format on Promoting Persuasive Conversations with Others About the Flu Vaccine

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of message framing (loss vs. gain) and format (narrative vs. expository) on intentions to discuss flu vaccination with a close social referent. We test the effects of video messages using a two-wave web-based randomized experiment among adults in Israel (baseline: N = 429, one-month follow-up: N = 241). Exposure to narrative messages was positively associated with intentions to discuss flu vaccination. Exposure to loss-framed messages was positively associated with increased likelihood of discussing vaccination with the referent at follow-up. Effects of message framing and format were moderated by concern for the referent’s health. Findings support the use of persuasive messages to motivate interpersonal conversation to promote vaccination. Results contribute to theory on risk-framing by showing that audiences may evaluate loss-framed messages according to their risk perceptions, when greater concern for health risks motivate action, not only for one’s own health but for another person’s health.

The Impact of Implementing Emancipated Curriculum on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Spoken Interaction Texts

This study discussed the effect of implementing the Emancipated curriculum on student learning outcomes in spoken interaction material at SMK Negeri 2 Slawi. Quantitative data were collected through a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group. The research participants were selected using purposive sampling, and the pre-test and post-test results were statistically analyzed. To obtain quantitative data, the researcher conducted a written test to check students' understanding of oral interaction texts. The pre-test and post-test learning outcomes were analyzed using paired t-test and N-Gain Score test statistical calculations. The results of the hypothesis test on interpersonal conversation text showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, with a significance value of 0.000, while the control group had a value of 0.001. The N-Gain Score for the experimental group was 0.6447, and for the control group was -0.4452. These results illustrate that the intervention provided to the experimental group positively and significantly affected the measured outcomes. In contrast, the control group experienced a decrease in the results after the intervention. For transactional conversation text, the experimental group had a significance value of 0.000, while the control group had a value of 0.146. The N-Gain Score for the experimental group was 0.6808, and for the control group was 0.0640. In this study, implementing the Emancipated curriculum was quite effective for learning outcomes of oral interaction texts. In addition, the researcher suggests that English teachers apply the teaching steps according to the independent curriculum to teach other types of texts.

Analyzing the Impact of Integration on Climate Change Knowledge among Young People

: There is a significant climate change on the Earth, which is characterized by global warming. The State of the Global Climate 2020 report was made public by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The research emphasized the impact of the change on economic and social development, migration and displacement, food security, and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, it documents changes in several climate system indicators, such as carbon dioxide concentrations, rising atmospheric and oceanic temperatures, sea level rise, glacier retreats, and weather extremes. Global climate change is profoundly affecting peoples lives, and whether people know about this, especially as the new era of the main force - the youth. Through the use of the cognitive mediation model, this study investigated the influencing elements of climate change knowledge among young people. Essentially, by concentrating on various media platforms, this study added to the body of knowledge regarding the Cognitive Mediation Model (CMM). The data that this research used was from a questionnaire survey of 591 Chinese youth (ranging from 15 to 24 years old), This study discovered that paying attention to news on TV, sites, and social media sparked in-person conversation and elaboration of the news. The focus on print, however, has nothing to do with news reports or interpersonal discussions. This study also discovered that while interpersonal conversation increases perceived familiarity, news elaboration increases factual knowledge, such as general scientific understanding. The paper discussed both practical and theoretical aspects.

Cognitio populi – Vox populi: Implications of science-related populism for communication behavior

Abstract In many countries, science is challenged by science-related populism, which deems the common sense of “ordinary people” superior to the knowledge of “academic elites”. Individual support for science-related populism can be associated with people’s communication behavior: On the one hand, people who hold science-related populist attitudes may inform themselves differently about science; they may even be disconnected from societal discourse around science. On the other hand, they may communicate more actively on social media and in interpersonal conversations. We test this using nationally representative survey data from Switzerland. Results show that science-related populists use TV and social networking sites more often to get information about science. They are also more likely to communicate about science in social media comments. However, science-related populist attitudes are not associated with a general preference for social media over journalistic media. Science-related populism has thus not (yet) fueled a “science-related public disconnection”. We also run multiverse analyses, which show further nuances of our results, and discuss implications for science communication.

How Social Media, News Media and Interpersonal Communication Relate to Covid-19 Risk Perceptions and Behaviours

To inhibit the spread of the Covid-19 virus, several governmental guidelines (e.g., social contact, vaccination) were proposed. Whether or not these protective behaviours are implemented often depends on citizens’ risk perceptions which, according to previous research, are formed by social media, news media, and interpersonal communications. However, previous research is limited in two ways. First, research mostly focused on adults, thereby neglecting emerging adults who are less affected but equally needed to adhere to the rules. Second, research mainly measured behaviours at one-time point and studied between-person associations, thereby neglecting short-term within-person effects. We therefore conducted a daily diary study among 208 emerging adults (Mage = 21.63, SDage = 1.15) and examined which communication channels increased Covid-19 risk perceptions (i.e., perceived personal susceptibility and societal severity) and, in turn, individuals’ willingness to get vaccinated and follow Covid-19 rules. The results showed that only news media predicted societal severity on the within-level and that severity, in turn, predicted willingness to get vaccinated and follow rules at the between-level. Additionally, social media predicted interpersonal conversations about Covid-19 at the between-and within-level. Overall, this study highlights the importance of news media in affecting emerging adults’ health perceptions and behaviours during a crisis.