Interpersonal Communication Problems Research Articles

PENINGKATAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL MELALUI KONSELING PERSONAL CENTERED TEKNIK REFLECTION OF THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS

Interpersonal communication is an important source for expressing oneself to build, improve and maintain good relationships with other people. Low interpersonal communication problems cause students to be individualistic, namely students who are less open in speaking, less empathetic, less supportive and upholding equality. Starting from this problem. The researcher formulated the aim of this research as to improve students' interpersonal communication through group counseling and using a personal centered counseling approach, the Reflection of Thoughts and Feelings technique. This research uses a one group pre-test and post-test experimental research design. This research used a population of 34 students and a research sample of 7 students. The data analysis technique uses the Wilcoxon test. After carrying out the pre-test and post-test, 2 students (28.57%) had a high level of interpersonal communication and 5 students (71.43%) had a moderate level of communication. Based on the research results, it shows that personal centered counseling, the Reflection of Thoughts and Feelings technique, is effective for improving students' interpersonal communication

A Case Study of Rational Emotion Therapy to Solve Freshmen Interpersonal Communication Problems

General psychological problems; Rational-emotive therapy; Interpersonal communication

Effect of Marxist ideological and political education on students' anxiety in colleges and universities.

With the rapid development of China’s economy, politics and culture, the frequency of college students’ anxiety has generally increased. Ideological and political educators in colleges should help college students to relieve anxiety and pressure in a timely manner, and constantly put forward effective and targeted methods. This paper analyzed the reasons for the anxiety of college students from three aspects: the way of dealing with the interpersonal relationship of college students, the degree of emphasis on college students’ academic performance, and the way of college students’ self-decompression. This paper proposed ways to strengthen the ability of thinking, carry out setback education, and improve the psychological quality of college students to realize the Marxist ideological and political education in colleges. This paper mainly used questionnaires and in-depth interviews to analyze the influence of mental health education courses on college students’ anxiety management ability. Among them, after the end of the mental health education course, a questionnaire was distributed to the selected research subjects to understand their stress management ability status after the course. Through the analysis and comparison of the results of the two questionnaires before and after, as well as the comparison of the conventional teaching methods of college students’ mental health education different from the teaching methods of group psychological counseling, it is necessary to understand the way college students’ deal with anxiety. The study found that 19.23% of the students had great anxiety about interpersonal communication problems, and 9.62% of the students reported that they had no major anxiety problems. Therefore, Marxist ideological and political education in colleges has become an important means for college students to vent their emotions, relieve psychological pressure and avoid adverse consequences.

Clinical features of the course of depressive disorders in patients with COVID-19

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the severe course of most cases, the high risk of fatalities and related gossip. All these factors can lead to significant mental pressure and the development of maladaptive reactions - depression, fear, anxiety, which can directly cause the development of certain behaviors. Such behavioral patterns include: a decrease in altruistic behavior, an increase in actions aimed at biological self-preservation, not infrequently even deceptions regarding infection and/or contact with patients. The COVID-19 pandemic is also accompanied by a widespread "infodemic" and a predicted future "epidemic" of panic. This usually predictably causes public psychological reactions. These include: tension, fear and anxiety, loss of plans and orientations for the future, all of the above can lead to an acute reaction to stress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other emotional disorders. In the examined 144 patients (73 women and 71 men), aged 25–55 years, depressive disorders were presented as follows: prolonged anxiety-depressive reaction reaction (F43.22), moderate depressive episode (F32.1), severe depressive episode (F32.1), organic depressive disorder (F06.32). The vast majority of examined patients noted the psycho-traumatic nature of the fact that they were diagnosed with COVID-19 and complained of a sense of loss of control over the situation, helplessness, a sense of danger, low mood, anxiety, panic, hopelessness, apathy, fear of death, loss of a sense of satisfaction, despair. Also, according to the data of the psychodiagnostic study, the examined patients are characterized by low communicativeness, isolation, disturbing vindictiveness, a tendency to dramatize and negatively evaluate events and facts. Analysis of self-assessment of the severity of autoaggressive predictors according to Pylyaginou G.Ya. showed that patients are characterized by moderate levels on the scales of autoaggression and impulsivity. In which criticism of interpersonal communication problems, affective and vegetative disorders decreases. Keywords: depression, anxiety, fear, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Policy Recommendations for Preventing Problematic Internet Use in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perspectives.

Parenting in the digital age has been characterized as one of the most challenging tasks of the modern era. Parents are ambivalent about their mediating role. However, problematic aspects of adolescent online use have not been adequately addressed in education. The present study investigated parental perceptions of intervention needs within schools to prevent excessive/problematic use, enhance parent–child communication, and reduce family conflicts. Nine interviews with parents of adolescents residing in the UK were carried out and analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged as parental proposals: (i) schools as digital education providers and prevention hubs, (ii) provision of mental health literacy to raise awareness, resolve ambiguity regarding impacts and mitigate excessive use and impacts, and (iii) psychoeducation and upskilling. The third theme related to impacts from time spent on screens (time displacement), content-related impacts, and context-related impacts. The present study offers recommendations for media literacy during adolescence beyond e-safety (i.e., addressing interpersonal communication problems, privacy vs. disclosure issues), based on parents’ views, and provides new insights for media and emotional health literacy collaboration efforts. Future work should investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions to support the emotional health of young people and prevent problematic internet use escalation.

Assessment of social and psychological adaptation of foreign students in the conditions of the Metropolitan metropolis

A sample of 264 practically healthy students from Beijing, Harbin, XI'an, and Moscow (197 Chinese and 67 Russian students: 137 boys and 127 girls aged 18.3 to 25.6 years) studied the dynamics of sociopsychological adaptation of students in the Metropolitan area. The majority of students (58%) from XI'an had low indicators of socio-psychological adaptation, which was associated with high levels of situational and personal anxiety. High levels of aggression were also observed in this group. The assessment of social and psychological adaptation of Chinese students from Beijing also showed difficulties in adaptability and difficulties in psycho-emotional relations: almost half of the students (48%) from Beijing took an intermediate position in terms of psychoemotional state. Interpersonal communication problems were identified in this group.Assessment of social and psychological adaptation of Chinese students from Harbin showed a fairly high level of adaptation in most students (69%), which was expressed in a fairly good knowledge of the Russian language, intergroup communication, and low indicators of anxiety and aggression

Determination of the Relationship Between the Tendency of Conflict and Job Satisfaction in Physiotherapists

Purpose:This study was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and conflict tendency in physiotherapists. Patients and Methods:The sample of the study consists of 202 physiotherapists with at least 1 year of professional experience. Conflict Tendency Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and the evaluation form prepared by the researchers were applied to the physiotherapists participated to the study. Results:The mean scores of Job Satisfaction Scale and Conflict Tendency Scale of the participants were 97.8±12.2 and 165.9±28.0 points, respectively. Job Satisfaction Scale and Conflict Tendency Scale scores do not differ according to the gender, income level, institution and the degree of satisfaction with job (p˃0.05). Physiotherapists with less than 5 years of professional experience and under the age of 30 had significantly higher Conflict Tendency Scale scores than their more experienced colleagues (p˂0.05). A moderate negative correlation was detected between job satisfaction and conflict tendency (r = 0.571). Conclusion:Conflict tendencies and interpersonal communication skills and interpersonal communication problems decrease as physiotherapists gain professional experience. Job satisfaction increases with the decrease of conflict tendency in physiotherapists.

Mental Health Status of Healthcare Workers in China for COVID-19 Epidemic.

Background:COVID-19 first appeared in China in December 2019, with a high rate of infectivity and morbidity, which brought tremendous psychological pressure to healthcare workers.Purpose:To understand the psychological health status of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak and decline, and to provide a theoretical reference for the future establishment of a psychological crisis intervention system.Methods:Healthcare workers were recruited using convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods, and the electronic version of the SCL-90 scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered. In the pretest, a total of 5018 responses were collected; after six weeks, random sampling was performed. The SCL-90 and measures of other epidemic-related problems were administered, with 1570 responses received; then, the final data analysis was performed.Results:After six weeks, the post-test GSI score; SCL-90 total score; and PST, PSDI, O-C, I-S, DEP, ANX, PHOB, PAR, PSY, and HOS scores were significantly lower than the corresponding pretest scores (p < 0.05). The results by occupational category showed that the scores of nursing staff decreased significantly for 12 indexes and that the scores of the doctors and other hospital staff also significantly decreased. There was a significant difference between the pretest (50.78 ± 28.18) and post-test (45.00 ± 28.49) scores for the degree of worry about the epidemic. Healthcare workers believed that the top three aspects of life affected by the epidemic were economic problems (816 people), interpersonal communication problems (731 people), and mental health (728 people).Conclusion:Over the course of the epidemic, the item scores generally declined significantly. Therefore, during an outbreak period, attention should be paid to psychological crisis interventions for healthcare workers; problems caused by psychological pressure, and even other psychological conditions, can be significantly alleviated to reduce the probability of subsequent health problems.

Impairments in communication and social interaction in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Characteristics and role of ADHD and language delay

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder with increased risk of tumor formation and higher incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than the general population. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of ASD symptoms in young children with NF1 and to examine their potential association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and speech delay. Methods The cohort included 30 patients with NF1 attending the multidisciplinary NF1 clinic of a tertiary pediatric medical center from September 2015 through September 2016. The parents/caregivers completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS II). Results Sixteen patients (53%) had a previous diagnosis of ADHD. There was a positive association between the presence of ADHD and a low score on the VABS II interpersonal relationships subscale of the Socialization domain. Language delay, documented in 12 children (40%), also correlated with a low interpersonal relationships score. Conclusions ADHD appears to be more a marker than an actual independent risk factor of ASD in NF1. The early evaluation of children with NF1 for interpersonal communication problems and ASD, especially those with a speech delay or ADHD, will alert clinicians to initiate appropriate and timely treatment.

Dynamic Causal Modelling suggests impaired effective connectivity in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders during gesture-speech integration

Integrating visual and auditory information during gesture-speech integration (GSI) is important for successful social communication, which is often impaired in schizophrenia. Several studies suggested the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) to be a relevant multisensory integration site. However, intact STS activation patterns were often reported in patients. Thus, here we used Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to analyze whether information processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is impaired during GSI on network level.We investigated GSI in three different samples. First, we replicated a recently published connectivity model for GSI in a healthy subject group (n = 19). Second, we investigated differences between patients with SSD and a matched healthy control group (n = 17 each). Participants were presented videos of an actor performing intrinsically meaningful gestures accompanied by spoken sentences in German or Russian, or just telling a German sentence without gestures.Across all groups, fMRI analyses revealed similar activation patterns, and DCM analyses resulted in the same winning model for GSI. This finding directly replicates previous results. However, patients revealed significantly reduced connectivity in the verbal pathway (from left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) to left STS). The clinical significance of this connection is supported by its correlations with the severity of concretism and a subscale of negative symptoms (SANS).Our model confirms the importance of the pSTS as integration site during audio-visual integration. Patients showed generally intact connectivity during GSI, but revealed impaired information transfer via the verbal pathway. This might be the basis of interpersonal communication problems in patients with SSD.

The Influence of Mobile Phone Addiction on Procrastination: A Moderated Mediating Model

As technologies advances, mobile phones, especially smartphones become increasingly dispensable for young adults, it is particularly prevalent among universities students. But the tools negatively affect the users’ physical and mental health who spend more time on it, such as interpersonal communication problems poor sleep quality, and academic failure. The recent papers pointed out that a prominent association among mobile phone addiction, future time perspective, procrastination each other, but few authors investigated the underlying mechanism of above three variables. The study aimed to estimate the mediating role of future time perspective whether the mediator explored the relation of mobile phone addiction on delaying. At the same time, this paper tried to test the moderate effect of gender according to previous study.600 students from medical college in Weifang located in Shandong Province completed multiple scales, namely Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS). Future, Time Perspective Scale (FTPS), Arouse Procrastination Scale and Avoidant Procrastination Scale, respectively. The results follows were: (1) future time perspective partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and procrastination. The proportions of explanation for indirect effects were 20.32% and 24.70%, respectively. (2) Gender played a moderated role in the influence of independent variable on dependent variables. The regulated mediator model was fit and receivable, the mediated model is more suited to male, the addictive behavior profoundly related with procrastination in male groups than that of in female groups. Future directions for the investigation of the moderated mediation model in medical college students in Weifang and the limitations of the present study were discussed.

Doctoral level research and training capacity in the social determinants of health at universities and higher education institutions in India, China, Oman and Vietnam: a survey of needs

BackgroundResearch capacity is scarce in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Social determinants of health research (SDH) is an area in which research capacity is lacking, particularly in Asian countries. SDH research can support health decision-makers, inform policy and thereby improve the overall health and wellbeing of the population. In order to continue building this capacity, we need to know to what extent training exists and how challenges could be addressed from the perspective of students and staff. This paper aims to describe the challenges involved in training scholars to undertake research on the SDH in four Asian countries – China, India, Oman and Vietnam.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with research scholars, research supervisors and principal investigators (n = 13) at ARCADE partner institutions, which included eight universities and research institutes. In addition, structured questionnaires (n = 70) were used to collect quantitative data relating to the courses available, teaching and supervisory capacity, and related issues for students being trained in research on SDH. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated from the quantitative data and thematic analysis applied to the qualitative data.ResultsWe identified a general lack of training courses focusing on SDH. Added to this, PhD students studying related areas reported inadequate supervision, with limited time allocated to meetings and poor interpersonal communication. Supervisors cited interpersonal communication problems and student lack of skills to perform high quality research as challenges to research training. Further challenges reported included a lack of research funding to include SDH-related topics. Finally, it was suggested that there was a need for institutions to define clear and appropriate standards regarding admission and supervision of students to higher education programs awarding doctoral degrees.ConclusionsThere are gaps in training for research on the SDH at the surveyed universities and research institutes, which are likely to also be present in other Asian countries and their higher education institutions. Some of the barriers to high quality research and research training can be addressed by improved training for supervisors, clearly defined standards of supervision, finances for student stipends, and increased use of information and communication technology to increase access to teaching materials. Increased opportunities for online learning could be provided.

Superior Temporal Sulcus Disconnectivity During Processing of Metaphoric Gestures in Schizophrenia

The left superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays an important role in integrating audiovisual information and is functionally connected to disparate regions of the brain. For the integration of gesture information in an abstract sentence context (metaphoric gestures), intact connectivity between the left STS and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) should be important. Patients with schizophrenia have problems with the processing of metaphors (concretism) and show aberrant structural connectivity of long fiber bundles. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia differ in the functional connectivity of the left STS to the IFG for the processing of metaphoric gestures. During functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition, 16 patients with schizophrenia (P) and a healthy control group (C) were shown videos of an actor performing gestures in a concrete (iconic, IC) and abstract (metaphoric, MP) sentence context. A psychophysiological interaction analysis based on the seed region from a previous analysis in the left STS was performed. In both groups we found common positive connectivity for IC and MP of the STS seed region to the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left ventral IFG. The interaction of group (C>P) and gesture condition (MP>IC) revealed effects in the connectivity to the bilateral IFG and the left MTG with patients exhibiting lower connectivity for the MP condition. In schizophrenia the left STS is misconnected to the IFG, particularly during the processing of MP gestures. Dysfunctional integration of gestures in an abstract sentence context might be the basis of certain interpersonal communication problems in the patients.

Use of Effective Project Communication Principles in an Overseas IT Project: A Case of Wipro Technologies

This case deals with the specialties involved in project management (PM) communication. It purports that project communication has some nuances of emphasis that differentiate it from general business communication. PM has emerged from the discipline of Operations Management (OM), a branch of management science dealing with the hardcore scientific practices in executing work. Thus, like OM, PM quantifies, systematizes and documents almost all actions. Therefore Project Communication (PC) too follows standardized procedures and manuals, as PM operates within constraints of budgets and deliveries, like in Operations Management. There is little scope for rework. It is even more acute in cases of overseas projects, where challenges like differences in organization and project culture, time zones, language, technology and distance, etc. add to the enormous complexity. Thus, PC entails accuracy and systematic handling of communication networks. Constituent members in the network must follow strict documentation procedures. The project manager should display sophistication in handling interpersonal communication problems. In fact, he must even anticipate probable pitfalls and take proactive efforts to avoid them later in the process. The present case depicts the efficient communication practices which Nitish followed for Wipro’s overseas project. His success is an outcome of following good interpersonal communication while adhering to the communication plan and the project framework.

Use of Effective Project Communication Principles in an Overseas IT Project: A Case of Wipro Technologies

This case deals with the specialties involved in project management (PM) communication. It purports that project communication has some nuances of emphasis that differentiate it from general business communication. PM has emerged from the discipline of Operations Management (OM), a branch of management science dealing with the hardcore scientific practices in executing work. Thus, like OM, PM quantifies, systematizes and documents almost all actions. Therefore Project Communication (PC) too follows standardized procedures and manuals, as PM operates within constraints of budgets and deliveries, like in Operations Management. There is little scope for rework. It is even more acute in case of overseas projects, where challenges like differences in organization and project culture, time zones, language, technology and distance, etc. add to the enormous complexity. Thus, PC entails accuracy and systematic handling of communication networks. Constituent members in the network must follow strict documentation procedures. The project manager should display sophistication in handling interpersonal communication problems. In fact, he must even anticipate probable pitfalls and take proactive efforts to avoid them later in the process. The present case depicts the efficient communication practices which Nitish followed for Wipro’s overseas project. His success is an outcome of following good interpersonal communication while adhering to the communication plan and the project framework.

Social Communication Intervention for School-Age Children: Rationale and Description

Children of school age with social communication problems form a growing population in need of speech-language intervention. These children have difficulty not just with interpersonal communication, which underpins peer relations, but also with oral and written aspects of the curriculum. The importance of intervention in the school years therefore cannot be underestimated. In this article, a framework and rationale for intervention based on a consideration of social communication as the interdependence of social interaction, social cognition, pragmatics, and language processing are presented. A method of intervention for children with social communication problems is described. The method is illustrated by reference to a study of children with pragmatic language impairments in the United Kingdom. Social communication impairments are not specific to one diagnostic group, and therefore the intervention framework given here is applicable to a range of children with interpersonal communication problems in the school years.

Handbook of communication and emotion: research, theory, applications, and contexts

Introduction: L.K. Guerrero, P.A. Andersen, and M.R. Trost, Communication and Emotion: Basic Concepts and Approaches. S. Planalp, Communicating Emotion in Everyday Life: Cues, Channels, and Processes. P.A. Andersen and L.K. Guerrero, Principles of Communication and Emotion in Social Interaction. The Dark Side of Emotions: L. Bradford and S. Petronio, Strategic Embarrassment: The Culprit of Emotion. A.L. Vangelisti and R.J. Sprague, Guilt and Hurt: Similarities, Distinctions, and Conversational Strategies. L.K. Guerrero and P.A. Andersen, Jealousy Experience and Expression in Romantic Relationships. D.J. Canary, B.H. Spitzberg, and B.A. Semic, The Experience and Expression of Anger in Interpersonal Settings. C. Segrin, Interpersonal Communication Problems Associated with Depression and Loneliness. The Bright Side of Emotions B.R. Burleson and D.J. Goldsmith, How the Comforting Process Works: Alleviating Emotional Distress through Conversationally Induced Reappraisals. A.P. Barbee, T. Rowatt, and M.R. Cunningham, When a Friend is in Need: Feelings about Seeking, Giving, and Receiving Social Support. P.A. Andersen and L.K. Guerrero, The Bright Side of Relational Communication: Interpersonal Warmth as a Social Emotion. C.B. Taraban, S.S. Hendrick, and C. Hendrick, Loving and Liking. S. Metts, S. Sprecher, and P.C. Regan, Communication and Sexual Desire. Applications and Contexts: D.B. Buller and J.K. Burgoon, Emotional Expression in the Deception Process. P.F. Jorgensen, Affect, Persuasion, and Communication Processes. K. Witte, Fear as Motivator, Fear as Inhibitor: Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Explain Fear Appeal Successes and Failures. R.E. Porter and L.A. Samovar, Cultural Influences on Emotional Expression: Implications for Intercultural Communication. J.A. Feeney, P. Noller, and N. Roberts, Emotion, Attachment, and Satisfaction in Close Relationships. S.O. Gaines, Jr. et al., Communication of Emotions in Friendships. B.J. Wilson and S.L. Smith, Children's Responses to Emotional Portrayals on Television. Index.

Loneliness and Interpersonal Trust

Three studies were undertaken to investigate the relation between loneliness ant interpersonal trust. Study 1 revealed that college students' loneliness was negatively correlated with trust beliefs on Rotter's Interpersonal Trust scale. Also, students who scored low on loneliness displayed an increase in trusting behavior across reciprocated trials in a Prisoner's Dilemma game whereas students scoring high in loneliness did not display a similar increase in trusting behavior. Study 2 revealed that students' loneliness was negatively correlated with their: (a) emotional trust and reliability trust in close peers; (b) belief that they were trusted, in terms of disclosure receptivity and social responsibility, by their close peers; and (c) ratings of the trusting and quality of relationships with close peers

Family Ranching and Farming: A Consensus Management Model to Improve Family Functioning and Decrease Work Stress

Few businesses have as much family involvement in day-to-day operation as intergenerational ranching and farming. Working side by side, family members have opportunities for shared dreams, satisfying communication, and intimacy. At same time, working side by side presents challenges of high intrafamilial stress, strain, and conflict, especially when family lacks skills in communication, problem solving, goal setting, conflict resolution, and strategic planning. The internal stress ranch families experience as a result of working together has contributed to a decline in number of families staying together on ranch (Rosenblatt, deMik, Anderson, & Johnson, 1985; Ward, 1987; Wilson, Marotz-Baden, & Holloway, 1991). Family ranching is a business under siege. Since 1989, ranchers have come under increasing scrutiny by U.S. House of Representatives, which has included raising grazing fees on public lands four times in appropriation bills (Grazing fees, 1993). Recent U.S. Senate debate and public hearings in western states regarding whether to double or triple per-unit grazing fees have focused attention on ranchers and their use of public lands (Grazing reform, 1993). Recent national television coverage by both Audubon Society and CBS has publicized question of whether ranchers' use of public lands is in best public interest, given growing environmental concerns. CBS characterized problem as the new range wars (Rather, 1993). These external threats could soon squeeze a number of ranch families out of business (Lewis, Volk, & Duncan, 1989). The purpose of this pilot study was to test hypothesis that ranch family members who communicate openly with one another to establish a shared vision and strategic plan can increase positive family functioning and decrease work stress. As a united system, perhaps family members can more effectively fend off internal and external threats to family ranching business. Rural ranch families who both want to face external threats that contribute to their reported feelings of being under siege and to take appropriate proactive steps to transfer labor, management, and land amicably to next generation face a double problem. First, it is difficult for families to work together day after day without either encountering high levels of stress and strain or denying personal needs and wants (Freudenberger, Freedheim, & Kurtz, 1989; Jurich & Russell, 1987; Marotz-Baden, 1988; Rosenblatt & Albert, 1990; Wilson et al., 1991). Second, family life educators and Cooperative Extension specialists may lack experience working collaboratively with marriage and family therapists one-on-one with rural families to help families rebuild trust and cohesion. This article brings together therapy and education and creates a rural family Consensus Management Model that increases positive family functioning and capitalizes on ranch families' natural inclination toward self-sufficiency. It also enables them to create a structure and a process for successful and amiable labor, management, and land transfer across generations. Not all families are likely to be good candidates for intervention. Families that are likely to benefit most from Consensus Management Model are similar to those that would benefit most from traditional therapy (Fisch, Weakland, & Segal, 1982), that is, those that are hurting, have insight that their coping strategies are inadequate, or are in crisis from high stress of interpersonal communication problems and fear of losing their ranch or farm as a result. These families tend to be more willing to invest time and resources into some form of therapy or consulting. They tend to realize urgency of seeking new alternatives to family and business problem solving. They recognize that continuing use their old coping strategies to solve problems is inadequate to prevent depressive feelings, worry, tension, stress, angry outbursts, fighting, and possible loss of family farm or ranch. …

Teaching Leadership/Followership to RN-to-MSN Students

Leadership theory is important but a successful leader must at times be a follower. Leadership and followership concepts need to be taught together in a practical exercise. Decision-making, conflict, and resolving interpersonal communication problems are all part of both roles. As individuals become aware of their own leadership styles and inherent strengths and weaknesses, they will be more effective members of management teams. Nurses in leadership roles must work effectively with peers in group activity. To be successful in organizational decision-making, nurses must learn to work with individuals with similar leadership and followership styles as well as with differing points of view. Followership is as indispensable as leadership for success in nursing management roles.