Interpersonal Behavior Research Articles

Unmasking the Pandemic's Dark Side: Exploring the Roles of Stress, Emotions, and Alcohol Use in Violent Behavior Across Six Countries.

We use international survey data recently collected among adults in six countries (Ukraine, Guatemala, Pakistan, the Netherlands, Denmark, and the United States) to examine the global variations in interpersonal violent behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that pandemic-related stress is significantly associated with violent behavior in most countries. Depression emerges as a significant predictor of violence across all countries and as a mediator between pandemic stress and violent behavior in multipls contexts. On the other hand, negative affect and alcohol use predict violent behavior only in non-Western contexts. We provide policy implications focused on prevention and reduction of violence cross-nationally during public health crises.

Morality through the lens of Confucian heritage countries: collective self variations and moral worldviews.

The issue of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) samples dominating research has been ongoing for decades, and now the emerging trend is to turn to theoretical perspectives from the Majority World. Adopting Western-centric methods based on reductionism can overlook important details and differences between similar cultures, particularly in East Asian cultures, where the Confucian values of relational harmony take many forms. We discuss a novel theoretical perspective on moral constitutions in Confucian heritage cultures. Our central tenet is that divergent moral concepts and ideals are present in Confucian cultures because each culture emphasizes a specific pillar and the self is situated differently in the social relationships that define the scope of interpersonal moral obligations. We consider three Confucian countries: China, Japan, and South Korea as examples. Despite geographical proximity and conventional categorization in cultural psychology, each Confucian country manifests distinct patterns of the self, moral ideals, and behavior in socio-moral contexts. To understand how and why moral worldviews vary within a region, we need to examine how the self in socio-cultural contexts differs and guides interpersonal norms and behaviors across sociocultural contexts. We conclude this paper by offering methodological recommendations for including indigenous moral concepts outside the WEIRD context.

The Exploration of Preschoolers' Development of Interpersonal Etiquette Behaviors

The interpersonal etiquette refers to the common behavior norms and moral principles that have been formed in human social interactions, which mainly consist of etiquette, politeness, ceremonies, and appearance. The behavior of interpersonal etiquette as an important content of preschool morality education is not only the concentrated expression of children's interpersonal ability and moral level development, but also the comprehensive representation of the moral and spiritual style of a nation in the future. The development of children's interpersonal etiquette behavior has the characteristics of stage, difference, and gradual progress. In order to promote the development of children's interpersonal etiquette behavior, kindergartens should establish a scientific preschool etiquette curriculum system, provide preschoolers with a prepared environment for etiquette behavior development, parents should establish a correct etiquette education concept and master scientific etiquette education methods, and society should vigorously promote the social atmosphere of respecting etiquette and culture, helping children internalize the behavior norms and social norms, enhancing their cognition of interpersonal rules, cultivating their awareness of civilized interpersonal communication, enhancing their ability of behavior self-discipline, and promoting the development of children's interpersonal etiquette behavior.

Unraveling relationship dynamics in sports teams: A primer on the social relations model

Interpersonal behavior in sports teams are inherently intricate. The Social Relations Model (SRM) presents a compelling framework to conceptualize and dissect these complexities, enabling the empirical testing of theories concerning relationships within group settings. The SRM decomposes dyadic measurements obtained from a round-robin design into components at the individual (actor and partner) level, relationship level, and team level. Leveraging data on need satisfaction, as experienced by the coach, team captain and two other athletes in relation to each other across 96 sports teams, we showcase the application of the SRM. A step-by-step introduction to the implementation of the model in R is provided. We elucidate how the SRM facilitates the investigation of research questions that deepen our understanding of team dynamics. Our illustration reveals that while the team effect exhibits minimal explanatory power over variability, substantial variability in need satisfaction is accounted for by both individual factors (actor and partner) and relationship effects. Notably, considerable differences are observed between sports teams in the extent to which coaches elicited need satisfaction in their team members. On average, coaches elicit lower levels of need satisfaction compared to other team members. Reciprocal relationships are evident in the team captain-athlete dyad and the athlete-athlete dyad, but not in dyadic relationships with the coach. In sum, this tutorial illustrates how analyzing dyadic data from a round-robin design using the SRM can enhance our understanding of dyadic relationship data within sports teams.

Using theory of interpersonal behavior to consumers' online impulse buying behavior in social commerce live-streaming: perceived price's moderating role

Using theory of interpersonal behavior to consumers' online impulse buying behavior in social commerce live-streaming: perceived price's moderating role

Problem Sexual Behavior and Engagement in Therapeutic Intervention among Children Aged 4–12

ABSTRACT Early intervention in problem sexual behavior (PSB) is critical; however, little is known about the engagement of children and families in therapeutic intervention for PSB. This research explored the characteristics, presenting issues, and engagement of 242 children aged 4–12 years attending a therapeutic service for PSB. Most frequently, PSB occurred within sibling relationships. Girls were more likely to engage in PSB alone (self-directed or non-targeted behaviors), while boys were more likely to involve other young people (interpersonal PSB). One-third (35%) of clients engaged in completion of therapy. Parental noninvolvement and self-directed or non-targeted PSB predicted early disengagement. Client demographics, sexual abuse, and interpersonal sexual behaviors were not associated with therapy completion. Implications for therapeutic intervention in children’s PSB are discussed.

Benevolent and spiritual – undergraduate social care students’ identification with religious beliefs and moral virtues in a Finnish context

ABSTRACT Moral beliefs guide interpersonal behaviour and responses to ethical situations and are an integral element of professionalism in relationship-based social care practice. This qualitative interview-based study focused on identifying the religious and moral beliefs of undergraduate social care students (N = 19) at the Finnish, non-religiously affiliated Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. The participating students’ beliefs are discussed in reference to virtue ethics and efforts to determine positive moral standards for interpersonal relations. The results show that a majority of the students identified as spiritual but not traditionally religious, in accordance with the changing religious landscape in Finland and beyond. However, their moral beliefs were in some respects linked with certain prosocial dimensions of religions; for example, several students stated that they valued the Golden Rule in Christianity. Overall, the students considered benevolence to be the key virtue in character, attitude and action, believing a good person to be someone who respects other people and helps, not harms them. The students’ views are in line with the ethical considerations that recognise social care as a profession that aims to protect and promote human dignity. The implications of this study are discussed in the context of developing future social care professionals’ moral education.

To Break or Not to Break?: Understanding the Motivations and Consequences of Taking Breaks in Romantic Relationships

Studies have been performed on how individuals experience romantic breakups and consequences of breakups, but there is a gap regarding temporary breakups, referred to as “taking a break.” Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine how and why individuals take breaks (i.e., temporary breakups) in romantic relationships and the consequences of doing so. This qualitative study involved participants (N = 69; 81.6% female) completing individual interviews. Two primary investigators conducted reflexive thematic analyses following Braun & Clarke’s (2002) six step approach. There were four themes for how people take breaks, including communication with partner during the break, whether or not they discussed boundaries, interpersonal behaviors, and whether the decision was mutual. People took breaks due to time issues, stress, issues with partner, interpersonal reasons, relationship issues, and a desire to breakup. Participants reported positive and negative changes as a result of the temporary breakup, while also determining if they should stay together. Results reveal similarities to breakup experiences, but are different due to the hope of improving the relationship after the break.

Hospital organisational health as a mediator between positive nursing organisational culture, caring behaviour, and quality of nursing care

Hospital organisations aim to restore patients’ health and improve their comfort. Furthermore, nurses are obligated to provide quality nursing care to patients. A hospital’s positive culture, interpersonal caring behaviour, and organisational health are important factors related to nursing quality. This study aimed to identify the factors that affected the quality of nursing care and verify the mediating effect of hospital organisational health on the relationship between positive nursing organisational culture, caring behaviour, and quality of nursing care. Data were collected from 190 clinical nurses who had worked for over 6 months in a tertiary hospital located in C city, South Korea. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe’s post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression, and Baron and Kenny’s 3-stage procedures were calculated via SPSS version 25.0. Mediating effects were verified via bootstrapping. Hospital organisational health (β = 0.47, p < 0.001), ‘satisfied’ in departmental satisfaction (β = 0.26, p = 0.034), ‘surgical ward’ (β = 0.15, p = 0.017), ‘operating room/delivery room’ (β = 0.13, p = 0.023), ‘neonatal intensive care unit/nursery’ (β = 0.13, p = 0.039), and ‘outpatient department’ (β = 0.14, p = 0.018) in department of work were all factors that affected the quality of nursing care. Furthermore, these had significant effects, with an explanatory power of 57.2% (F = 10.70, p < 0.001). Hospital organisational health had a full mediating effect on the relationship between positive nursing organisational culture and quality of nursing care (B = 0.27, 95% BootCI = 0.18–0.37), as well as between caring behaviours among nurses and quality of nursing care (B = 0.21, 95% BootCI = 0.14–0.28). Practical measures to enhance nursing quality based on these findings should improve work and environmental conditions at the organisational level. In addition, measures to foster and manage a positive nursing organisational culture and promote various caring behaviour enhancement programs to improve hospital organisational health are recommended.

Влияние цифровых технологий на бытие и становление новых форм коммуникации (селфи)

The research aims to determine the impact of digital technologies on the development of new forms of communication (including selfies) that respond to the needs of the modern individual. The article provides a theoretical reflection on the features of the development of information and communication technologies and their impact on meeting the communication needs of society. The negative consequences of screen-based and virtual communication are highlighted, and it is noted that digital technologies contribute to the development of a special form of communication aimed at presenting oneself to others through the posting of one’s photographs online. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying the ontological-social significance of the influence of digital technologies on the communicative component of modern society from the perspective of the gadget-defining component, where the electronic device acts as an intermediary, dictating new rules of behavior and methods of communication interaction. The article examines forms of interpersonal communication and communicative behavior strategies caused by the development of digital technologies, identifies the negative consequences of screen-based and visual communication, and offers ideas for overcoming them. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that selfies, as a special way of self-presentation and conveying information about oneself to others, are an important element of communication for the modern individual. This type of communication is determined by the development of digital technologies and is available to everyone, as it is not limited by national-cultural and language barriers. Selfies are a visualized text that does not require special erudition to understand, which explains both the positive and negative sides of this phenomenon. The authors believe that selfies will not lose their relevance in the future, therefore, considering them from the perspective of an integral and inevitable communicative component of modern existence will open up new horizons in the study of man and society, and also help minimize the negative consequences of using this type of information transmission.

COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Test of the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior and the Health Belief Model.

This study purpose was to test the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TMIB) in predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Data from an anonymous online survey were collected. Clusters of risk perceptions of infection were identified using Latent Class Analysis, and predictive values of TMIB and HBM factors were evaluated using logistic regression models. Response rate was 30% (468 participants). There was a combined significant effect of TMIB model components (habitual health behavior, intention, and facilitation conditions) on having received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Having received influenza vaccine in the past 12 months was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived vaccination benefits, and perceived risks of infection were associated with vaccine receipt; however, the HBM model performed inadequately. The HBM is commonly used in vaccine acceptance research; however, the TMIB may be more effective among AYAs.

A model of nursing intervention on the psychological needs of a group of neighborhood children in a shelter place in Surabaya

The fulfillment of the psychological needs of neglected children in shelters is important. However, only the physical need has been fulfilled, resulting in a feeling of dissatisfaction and hampers a positive attitude towards the social environment. Therefore, this study aimed to present a significant nursing intervention model to meet the psychological needs of neglected children. The model integrates behavioral (Lawrence Green), Caring (Jean Watson), and psychogenic needs theory (Murray) to explain the influence of predisposing, enabling, and supporting factors on behavior. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and observational analytic method with a population of 240 neglected children in Surabaya city shelters. The cluster sampling rule of thumb was used in SEM to select 110 (5x22 observe variables) respondents. The result showed that the unique aspects of the group nursing intervention model fulfilled the psychological needs of adolescents in shelters. Furthermore, interpersonal human caring behavior was influenced by predisposing factors and care values with a coefficient value of 0.203. Supporting factors and environmental caring had a coefficient of 0.220 while driving was 0.332. In conclusion, this study showed that the group nursing intervention model fulfilled the psychological needs of adolescents in shelters by integrating the theories of goal attainment, caring (Jean Watson), and psychosocial (Murray). These theories increased adolescent parenting actions, thereby enhancing self-confidence within shelters.

Antecedents of mentors’ interpersonal behaviors at work: A cross‐sectional study

AbstractBuilding on the self‐determination theory and the work of Pelletier and their colleagues, we conducted a study to examine the antecedents of mentors’ interpersonal behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine how influence from above (administrative, practice, and colleagues’ pressures) and influence from below (perception of mentees’ level of self‐determined motivation) were related to the mentors’ motivations for their work and the mentoring relationship, and how the mentors’ motivations were related to their interpersonal behaviors. In the present study (N = 600), the results of a cross‐sectional design showed that mentors who perceived greater influence from above and lower influence from below were more non‐self‐determined toward their work and the mentoring relationship. In turn, the more non‐self‐determined they were, the more they were acting in a controlling manner with their mentees. Overall, our findings supported the independent and complementary role of influences from above and from below on mentors’ motivations and interpersonal behaviors.

Prevalent personality traits in psychology students: a decade of study. Analysis of associated transversal professional skills

Introduction: The knowledge of personality in university students and the professional skills necessary for adequate development and performance in professional settings are essential to implement more effective academic interventions that enhance successful professionals.Objective: Analyze prevalent personality traits according to: Motivational goals, Cognitive modes and Interpersonal behaviors corresponding to ten cohorts of psychology students (2010-2020).Method: longitudinal trend design, with descriptive-correlational scope. We worked with two intentional, non-probabilistic samples, psychology students: MI 2010-2020: 945 students, MII 2020: 48 students. Instruments: Million Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS) and Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Transversal Competencies in University Students.Results: A personality profile was observed with the sustained presence of the traits of Modification, Communicativeness and Control, and absence of Accommodation. In the Professional Competencies, very high frequencies of Interest in Quality, Work Responsibility and Teamwork are evident; and very low frequencies of Social Responsibility. The Modification and Control traits are those that present associations with Transversal Professional Competencies.Conclusions: The profile that characterizes a cohort of psychology students during 10 years of study has been communicativeness and control in the interpersonal, the active and energetic attitude (modification) in the motivational, and the sustained absence of passivity and accommodation. Relationships were found with transversal professional competencies. The implication of the results is discussed

Workplace Bullying and Harassment in Higher Education Institutions: A Scoping Review.

Workplace bullying is broadly defined as a detrimental form of negative micro-political interaction(s) incorporating a range of aggressive interpersonal behaviours. While targeted toxic behaviour based upon legally protected grounds such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation is conceptualised as harassment, this paper positions harassment as a constituent subset of workplace bullying-distinct, but inextricably linked to the broader landscape of workplace predation and incivility. Meta-analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies demonstrate a robust relationship between being bullied and compromised health, and some sectors, e.g., education, display higher than average levels of exposure, suggesting that contexts matter. The higher education sector is the focus of this scoping review. High rates of bullying have been reported in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), where many of the organisational factors that drive bullying are present. One systematic literature review has been carried out on bullying in HEIs, reviewing papers prior to 2013. Since the sector has seen considerable contextual change since that time, another review is timely. This systematic scoping review aims to identify the volume, range, nature, and characteristics of studies of workplace bullying in HEIs between 2003 and 2023, with a specific focus on how the context of HEIs contributes to the enactment and/or the response to workplace bullying. To this end, 3179 records were identified, with 140 papers charted to identify methods, institution, population, and country. Forty-seven papers were subjected to full-text review for the exploration of contextual factors. Priorities for future research lie in addressing the pernicious effects of neoliberal governance models as well as the complex and intersecting power relations that are unique to higher education.

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM)

The Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) is used to assess interpersonal sensitivity. This study explored the factor structure, internal consistency, and criterion validity of the Italian version of the IPSM (IPSM-It) in non-clinical emerging adults. 374 participants aged between 18 and 31 years (64.4% female; M = 21.96, SD = 2.91) were included in the study. They completed the IPSM, the Beck Depression Inventory-I, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original structure of the measure did not fit the data well. An exploratory factor analysis was also conducted and the results supported a 27-item version of the IPSM and a three-factor structure (Interpersonal Worry and Dependency, Low Self- Esteem, and Unassertive Interpersonal Behavior). The IPSM-It showed good internal consistency and criterion validity. The IPSM-It appeared to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing IPS in Italian culture.

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-based child maltreatment profiles to predict efficacy of the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy versus non-specific psychotherapy in adults with early-onset chronic depression: cluster analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial

Child maltreatment is a broadly confirmed risk factor for mental and physical illness. Some psychological treatments specifically target mental health conditions associated with child maltreatment. For example, the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) focuses on maladaptive interpersonal behaviours in chronic depression. However, how the assessment of child maltreatment could inform personalised treatment is unclear. We used data from a previously published clinical trial to investigate whether a pre-established child maltreatment clustering approach predicts differential outcomes after CBASP versus non-specific supportive psychotherapy in patients with early-onset chronic depression. We did a cluster analysis of data from a previous randomised controlled trial of unmedicated adult outpatients with early-onset chronic depression who were treated at eight university clinics and psychological institutes in Germany with 32 sessions of CBASP or non-specific supportive psychotherapy. Participants were eligible for the original trial if they were aged 18-65 years; had major depressive disorder (MDD) with an early onset and duration of at least 2 years, current MDD superimposed on a pre-existing dysthymic disorder, or recurrent MDD with incomplete remission between episodes as defined by DSM-IV; and had a score of at least 20 points on the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24). Participants were included in the current study if they had completed the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) at trial baseline. We used an agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach to derive child maltreatment clusters from individual patterns across the five domains of the CTQ. We used linear mixed models to investigate whether clustering could predict differential clinical outcomes (change in symptom severity on the HRSD-24) up to 2 years after treatment onset. People with lived experience were involved in the current study. 253 patients (129 [51%] treated with CBASP and 124 [49%] with supportive psychotherapy) had complete CTQ records and were included in the analysis. 169 (67%) participants were women, 84 (33%) were men, and the mean age was 45·9 years (SD 11·7). We identified seven child maltreatment clusters and found significant differences in treatment effects of CBASP and supportive psychotherapy between the clusters (F(6,948·76)=2·47; p=0·023); differences were maintained over the 2-year follow-up. CBASP was superior in distinct clusters of co-occurring child maltreatment: predominant emotional neglect (change in β -6·02 [95% CI -11·9 to -0·13]; Cohen's d=-0·98 [95% CI -1·94 to -0·02]; p=0·045), predominant emotional neglect and abuse (-6·39 [-10·22 to -2·56]; -1·04 [-1·67 to -0·42]; p=0·0011), and emotional neglect and emotional and physical abuse (-9·41 [-15·91 to -2·91]; -1·54 [-2·6 to -0·47]; p=0·0046). CTQ-based cluster analysis can facilitate identification of patients with early-onset chronic depression who would specifically benefit from CBASP. Child maltreatment clusters could be implemented in clinical assessments and serve to develop and personalise trauma-informed care in mental health. The German Research Foundation and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Differentiated Empowering Leadership and Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Chained Mediation Model.

Through an empirical analysis of paired sample data from 308 employees in China, this study examines the chain-mediated effects of trust in leaders and defensive silence on the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. The study finds that differentiated empowering leadership does not directly influence employees' interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. Additionally, it finds that trust in leaders and defensive silence each serve as mediators in the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors, forming a chained mediation effect. This study is the first empirical research to explore the impact mechanism of differentiated empowering leadership using a chained mediation model. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how and why differentiated empowering leadership affects employees' attitudes, such as trust in leaders, and behaviors, such as interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors.

The theory of interpersonal behaviour for conventional enterprises' adoption of the halal supply chain in Malaysia

PurposeThis paper aims to apply the theory of interpersonal behaviour (TIB) and its determinants to determine conventional enterprises' intentions toward halal supply chains (HSCs) adoption in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with a judgmental sampling and over 150 responses were gathered. Besides, the literature on the factors that influence an enterprise’s adoption of a halal supply chain, and TIB is evaluated to determine the influential determinants that lead to conventional entrepreneurs’ desire to participate in the halal supply chain in Malaysia.FindingsThe study findings suggest that the intention to use a halal supply chain is determined not only by social factors, affect, facilitating conditions and attitude, but also by the added construct of perceived expected benefits.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering this research to be limited in terms of coverage geographically and the theory rendered the context should be given proper attention when interpreting future outcomes. Furthermore, future researchers can extend the direct relationship by employing habit construct when conducting a longitudinal study.Practical implicationsThis paper serves as a guide to ensure the best planning of halal supply chains in both theory and practice.Originality/valueThis study expands on the use of TIB in the context of conventional enterprises’ intention toward halal supply chains in Malaysia.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0334

In Search of a Linkage Between Personality Traits and Interpersonal Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study on Indian Marine Engineers Using Structural Equation Modelling

In Search of a Linkage Between Personality Traits and Interpersonal Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study on Indian Marine Engineers Using Structural Equation Modelling