Interpersonal Attraction Research Articles

Unethical conduct as a multifaceted phenomenon in psychiatric care: Nurse leaders' perspectives.

Background: Mental healthcare can be considered a unique practice due to its ethical characteristics, and an awareness of ethics is crucial when working in a mental health setting. Several ethical challenges exist, and professionals may not always recognize the ethical aspects of psychiatric care. Research on psychiatric care from nurse leaders' perspective is scarce but important, because nurse leaders can impact and cultivate workplace culture. Aim: To explore the phenomenon of unethical conduct in a psychiatric inpatient context from nurse leaders' perspectives. Research design: Qualitative exploratory design. In-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants and research context: Eight nurse leaders from two different healthcare organizations in Finland. Leadership experience ranged between 2 and 30 years. Ethical considerations: Research ethics permission was received from a Research Ethics Board where the researchers are domiciled. Guidelines on good scientific practice as delineated by the Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity TENK were followed. Findings: Six main categories were generated: Unethical conduct and violations against patients, Unethical conduct and violations against staff, Unethical conduct and violations by staff against other staff, Unethical conduct and violations against leaders, Reasons underlying unethical conduct, and Consequences of unethical conduct and the positive development of psychiatric care. Conclusions: Unethical conduct was seen to be a multifaceted phenomenon, and patients and staff alike can experience and engage in unethical conduct. Unethical conduct against patients was linked to power imbalance (nature of involuntary care, staff attitudes) and a focus on rules based in historical precedent (paternalistic, routine-focused, not patient-centered). Unethical conduct against staff was linked to the nature of involuntary care and patient ill-health. Unethical conduct by staff against other staff was linked to a lack of understanding for others' work, interpersonal chemistry, (length of) work experience, and staff character. Unethical conduct against leaders was linked to leaders being perceived as the organization.

Co-present mobile phone use as an expectancy violation: revisiting ‘phubbing’ in two lab-based experiments

ABSTRACT Two lab-based experiments (N = 81 and N = 74) examined effects of co-present mobile phone use (frequently conceptualized as ‘phubbing’) on how individuals experience social interactions. The first experiment was modeled after the original Expectancy Violation Theory experiment by Burgoon and Le Poire (1993). Results showed that phubbing predicted perceptions of expectancy violation. These perceptions mediated the association between phubbing and several indicators of both impression formation as well as interpersonal attraction. The second experiment showed that more intensive phubbing led to poorer ratings of the confederate’s attentiveness, conversation quality, and perceived relationship quality than less intensive phubbing. Together, the two experiments support that phubbing, especially when it is more intensive, can harm relational outcomes.

Exploring the Associations Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Interpersonal Attraction: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Lebanese Female University Students

Interpersonal functioning is impacted by various schemas; early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can negatively impact interpersonal relationships in adults, yet no prior research has explored the link between EMSs and interpersonal attraction. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study among Lebanese female university students using an online questionnaire. We also controlled for common mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Our study, implemented across ten university campuses and with a sample of 662 cisgender and heterosexual female students, revealed significant associations between EMSs and different forms of interpersonal attraction. Specifically, punitiveness was found to increase the likelihood of high task attraction, while enmeshment was associated with higher social attraction. In contrast, none of the early maladaptive schemas were significantly associated with physical attraction. Our findings emphasize the critical role of EMSs in shaping women’s interpersonal attraction and highlight the potential utility of schema therapy in promoting healthy human interactions. This study fills an important gap in the literature and sheds light on a previously unexplored aspect of human behavior that has implications for promoting women’s well-being in diverse settings.

Building and Maintaining a High-Performing Team

This article discusses effective strategies for establishing and maintaining high-functioning teams. It asserts that team performance starts with careful member selection based on complementary skills, commitment to goals, and interpersonal chemistry. Once formed, teams must define clear roles and specific, measurable goals. Member expectations around norms, communication and decision-making should be aligned upfront. Ongoing performance management through feedback, recognition and addressing poor performance is also necessary. Teams require open communication facilitated through meeting structures and collaboration tools. Conflict should be addressed constructively through open discussion focused on problem-solving rather than blaming. Providing frequent, specific recognition and rewards helps sustain motivation. When implemented consistently, these techniques can transform a group of individuals into a cohesive unit that consistently achieves superior outcomes through a people-first, process-driven approach.

Health professionals’ presence and attributes in connecting with parents of children with cancer: A qualitative study through the lens of compassion

PurposeThroughout a child's cancer treatment, health professionals (HPs) constitute an important source of support for the entire family. However, the understanding of their presence and essential attributes is unclear. This study explored HPs' presence and attributes in connecting with parents and identified facilitators and barriers for connectedness. MethodsThis qualitative study was undertaken in a compassion paradigm, designed and guided by Heidegger's and Gadamer's philosophical concepts, and employed compassionate methods. Data were generated through ethnographic fieldwork (144 h), parent interviews (n = 16), and focus group interviews with parents of cancer survivors (n = 2) and HPs (n = 3). Inductive content analysis was utilised to analyse data. ResultsMany HP-parent contacts developed into close, genuine connections based on HPs' great commitment and ability to balance the act of closeness and distance. This involved HPs’ sensitivity, humanity, humility, honest communication, genuine interest, and high clinical competencies; all promoting trust. Adapting and ending close relationships when approaching the end of treatment had little attention and was difficult for families, making some find ways of keeping contact on a personal level. Barriers disclosed were structural work changes, busyness, dishonest, poor, or lack of communication, and poor or lack of interpersonal chemistry. ConclusionHuman interconnectedness is powerful in long-term professional relationships and strengthens the parents. More research and clinical attention are needed to develop the understanding and help target actions toward building, maintaining, and ending relationships. Further, cultivating being present in the moment, through mindfulness and compassion, may support HPs in maintaining a receptive mind and a caring role.

Internetinės pažinčių programėlės: kaip vyro patrauklumo vertinimas priklauso nuo jo atsiskleidimo ir moterų vienišumo lygio

The link between self-disclosure and attractiveness is well-researched, yet studies often overlook the rater’s loneliness, a potentially vital aspect in this dynamic. The aim of this study is to examine how women evaluate a man’s social and physical attractiveness in dating app profiles based on disclosed personal information. Additionally, it explores the connection between women’s feelings of loneliness and their assessment of social attractiveness in this context. 90 students, aged from 19 to 26, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups. All groups were presented with the same two photographs of a man but differed in the amount and depth of information presented next to each one (high, optimal, and no exposure). The UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3) was used to measure loneliness, and the Interpersonal Attractiveness Scale was used to measure attractiveness. The study discovered that women rated a man disclosing an optimal amount of information as more physically attractive than one sharing excessive details. There were no between-group differences in ratings of a man’s social attractiveness. Although social attractiveness ratings correlated negatively with women’s loneliness (r = -0.32), loneliness did not significantly influence social attractiveness ratings based on disclosure levels.

Racial stereotypes and facial physical attractiveness: exploring their implications in moral assessments in healthcare.

In this study of 333 participants, we investigated how racial stereotypes and facial attractiveness impact moral evaluations in healthcare. We used pictures of faces with different levels of attractiveness in moral dilemma scenarios, performing statistical analyses such as ANOVA and ANCOVA to examine these complex interactions. We found that physical attractiveness positively influences moral evaluations only in low moral conflict scenarios and does not apply to high conflict or impersonal situations. The relationship between self-declared skin color and participants' gender was only confirmed in a specific scenario, highlighting the complexity of these influences. Hypotheses three and four, which suggested that participants' ethnic and moral identity would suppress the effects of racial stereotypes and facial attractiveness, were not confirmed. However, we observed that the ethnic profile of the faces and the participants' motivation to control prejudice positively influenced moral evaluations. These results are interpreted in light of theories on interpersonal attraction, moral judgment, and intergroup relationships, providing essential insights into the complex dynamics that shape moral evaluations in healthcare.

Estereótipos raciais e atratividade física facial: explorando suas implicações nas avaliações morais em saúde

Abstract In this study of 333 participants, we investigated how racial stereotypes and facial attractiveness impact moral evaluations in healthcare. We used pictures of faces with different levels of attractiveness in moral dilemma scenarios, performing statistical analyses such as ANOVA and ANCOVA to examine these complex interactions. We found that physical attractiveness positively influences moral evaluations only in low moral conflict scenarios and does not apply to high conflict or impersonal situations. The relationship between self-declared skin color and participants’ gender was only confirmed in a specific scenario, highlighting the complexity of these influences. Hypotheses three and four, which suggested that participants’ ethnic and moral identity would suppress the effects of racial stereotypes and facial attractiveness, were not confirmed. However, we observed that the ethnic profile of the faces and the participants’ motivation to control prejudice positively influenced moral evaluations. These results are interpreted in light of theories on interpersonal attraction, moral judgment, and intergroup relationships, providing essential insights into the complex dynamics that shape moral evaluations in healthcare.

Trust in service robot: the role of appearance anthropomorphism

ABSTRACT An increasing number of hotels and restaurants are using service robots as front-line employees, yet the lack of consumer trust in service robots affects the service experience. To enhance trust, companies have added anthropomorphism designs for service robots. This study investigated the effects of service robot anthropomorphism on trust and psychological mechanisms of trust in service robot. This study conducted three scenario-based experiments to explore the mechanisms of the service robot appearance anthropomorphism effect on trust. The results show that consumers are more likely to trust service robots with a higher degree of appearance anthropomorphism. The anthropomorphism appearance of service robots affects consumers’ perceived interpersonal attraction, including physical attraction, task attraction and social attraction, which in turn affects trust. In addition, consumers’ technology readiness moderates the effect of service robot anthropomorphism on interpersonal attraction. This paper develops research on consumer trust in service robots, and provides guidance for marketing practices of service robots.

Virtual presence, real connections: Exploring the role of parasocial relationships in virtual idol fan community participation

The reconstruction of idol worship culture is evident with the rise of virtual personas, especially within the realm of AI-powered entities. It is important to consider cultural specificities, particularly in regions like China, where unique fan culture practices intersect with the proliferation of AI technology. Virtual idols, born from digital media technologies, authentically emulate real idols in performances and human interactions. While existing research primarily focuses on real-life idols in the interaction between celebrities and fans, limited attention has been given to understanding why fans gravitate toward virtual idols. Adopting the perspective of parasocial relationships (PSRs) and employing the survey method, this study explores the factors that drive fan community participation in virtual idol fandom within the context of Chinese society. The findings reveal that both interpersonal attractiveness and feelings of loneliness significantly influence the development of parasocial relationships between virtual idols and fans, and these PSRs positively impact fan community participation. Furthermore, this study elucidates that both the perceived interpersonal attractiveness of virtual idols and the loneliness experienced by fans directly contribute to increased fan community participation through the mediating effect of PSRs. This investigation scrutinizes the pivotal factors sustaining the relationship between virtual idols and fans, particularly in an era where AI-powered entities increasingly mirror human-like qualities and adeptly engage with audiences. This study highlights the characteristics of Chinese subculture and provides evidence for the “de-stigmatization” of subcultures in the era of AI, which contributes to a broader discourse on the impact of AI on diverse cultural practices. It underscores the necessity for global and contextual approaches in comprehending the evolving dynamics between virtual idols and their fan communities, enriching our understanding of AI’s influence on cultural phenomena.

Kohti konvergenssitutkimusta

Solving complex 'wicked' problems requires multidisciplinary approaches. Here I introduce convergence research, a concept still relatively unknown in Finland. Convergence research involves collaboration across various disciplines to achieve common goals by integrating knowledge, skills, and approaches. Convergence research requires attitude changes from researchers, universities, and funders, as well as efforts for creating a shared language, recognizing individual researchers' contributions, and reforming university recruitment and evaluation practices. The pillars of convergence research include a shared research problem, effective communication, researcher-driven formation of teams, respect for other fields, and appropriate interpersonal chemistry.

An Integrated Model of Customers’ Intention to Reuse Information Service: What’s New for Conversational Agents?

The application of conversational agents empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more common among tourism and hospitality businesses. Past research on AI has mostly investigated embodied robots rather than disembodied conversational agents. This study investigates the determinants of customers’ intention to reuse chatbots through integrating three different perspectives: technology acceptance model, computer-mediated communication theories, and interpersonal communication theories. Using online self-reported data analyzed by hierarchical regression and multigroup structural equation modeling, the efficacy of different theoretical models in predicting chatbot adoption were compared. A separate data set was collected from instant messaging (IM) users to provide implications that further explain the distinction between disembodied conversational agents and human conversational partners. Results suggest that variables associated with TAM and interpersonal attraction exert greatest influence on customers’ trust and reuse intention toward conversational agents. Managerial implications are suggested for practitioners to improve chatbot and IM design.

The promotional effect of interpersonal attraction of service employees on customer engagement in the S-D logic

The promotional effect of interpersonal attraction of service employees on customer engagement in the S-D logic

The Hijabi servers: Customers' perception of employees' physical appearance in restaurants

While existing studies have investigated consumer behavior concerning service provider's physical appearance, the current literature appears scant on how consumers react to servers wearing religious attire such as a headscarf. As such, this paper aims to examine the impacts of the headscarf on customers' initial perceptions of interpersonal attraction (physical, social, and task), server confidence, and job suitability in the hospitality industry. Data was collected from 486 respondents via Amazon mTurk were subjected to t-test, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. Findings indicate that job suitability and server confidence are significantly affected by physical appearance. The social attraction also has a negative impact on job suitability and server confidence. This study adds to the literature regarding the appearance of staff and resulting customer perceptions in restaurants. More importantly, the research taps into the stereotypes and stigma associated with wearing headscarves in the hospitality industry.

PENGARUH DAYA TARIK INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP HUBUNGAN INTERPERSONAL PADA REMAJA DI KOTA

Interpersonal relationship is a relationship consisting of two or more people who are dependent on one another and use a consistent pattern of interaction. This interpersonal relationship includes familiarity, control, appropriate response, and harmony in the emotional atmosphere when communication takes place. This study aims to determine the effect of interpersonal attractiveness on interpersonal relationships in adolescents in the city of Banjarmasin. This research method uses a quantitative approach with Pearson's Product Moment analysis. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The subjects in this study were teenagers in the city of Banjarmasin as many as 200 subjects. Measuring tools used in this study is the interpersonal attractiveness scale and interpersonal relationship scale. The results of this study are that there is a significant influence between interpersonal attractiveness and interpersonal relationships in adolescents in the city of Banjarmasin with R Square obtained at 0.278 and a significance level of 0.000.

Hijab and enclothed cognition: The effect of hijab on interpersonal attitudes in a homogenous Muslim-majority context

Stereotyping and discrimination against hijab-wearing women have been studied extensively in many Western countries, which are home to Muslim diasporas. However, there is a paucity of research on Muslim-majority countries. The purpose of this study is to address this gap and explore interpersonal attitudes toward both hijab-wearing and non-hijab-wearing women, in Pakistan, a Muslim Majority country. In this paper, we used the presence or absence of hijab as the independent variable, and measured competence and warmth using items from the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), as well as social and task attraction using items from the Interpersonal Attraction Scale (IAS) as dependent variables. Study 1 included 352 undergraduate students, while Study 2 involved 151 human resource professionals. The findings from both studies were consistent in suggesting that participants had a higher attribution of competence, warmth, and social and task attraction toward the hijab-wearing women compared to the non-hijab-wearing women. Conversely, participants in the non-hijab condition attributed lower levels of warmth, competence, and social and task attraction. We interpret these findings such that in a homogeneous society, individuals who strongly identify with and internalize Muslim culture, and exhibit a preference for their own cultural and religious values (cultural endogamy), attribute higher levels of competence, warmth, social attraction, and task attraction to the protagonist who wears hijab. This research has implications for employment opportunities and attitudes toward women in the workplace in Muslim-majority countries, both for hijabis (women who wear a headscarf) and non-hijabis (women who do not wear hijab).

Influence of Paternalistic Leadership on Employee Innovation Behavior and New Venture Performance: The Moderating Role of Leader Humility

This study examines how paternalistic leadership in new ventures influences employee innovation behavior and new venture performance. Three dimensions of paternalistic leadership in leader humility have a positive moderating effect on employee innovation behavior. To this end, we proposed and tested the supporting roles of the social cognition theory, social exchange theory, social learning theory, and interpersonal attraction theory. A total of 248 valid questionnaires were collected through a professional survey company for analysis, which revealed that among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership, benevolent leadership and moral leadership both have a positive impact on employee innovation behavior and new venture performance, while authoritarian leadership has a negative impact. We also discovered that leader humility plays a significantly positive role in moderating the influence of authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership, and moral leadership on employee innovation behavior. The results demonstrate that paternalistic leaders increase their effectiveness by maintaining humility as a management strategy, creating a superior, innovative atmosphere, and contributing to the progress of employee innovation behavior.

Effects of clothing and makeup similarities on interpersonal attraction

Effects of clothing and makeup similarities on interpersonal attraction

An Integrated Model of Customers’ Intention to Reuse Information Service: What’s New for Conversational Agents?

The application of conversational agents empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more common among tourism and hospitality businesses. Past research on AI has mostly investigated embodied robots rather than disembodied conversational agents. This study investigates the determinants of customers’ intention to reuse chatbots through integrating three different perspectives – technology acceptance model, computer-mediated communication theories, and interpersonal communication theories. Using online self-reported data analyzed by hierarchical regression and multi-group structural equation modeling, the efficacy of different theoretical models in predicting chatbot adoption were compared. A separate data set was collected from instant messaging (IM) users to provide implications that further explain the distinction between disembodied conversational agents and human conversational partners. Results suggest that variables associated with TAM and interpersonal attraction exert greatest influence on customers’ trust and reuse intention toward conversational agents. Managerial implications are suggested for practitioners to improve chatbot and IM design.

The Influence of Interpersonal Chemistry on Learning in Agile Software Engineering Education

The Influence of Interpersonal Chemistry on Learning in Agile Software Engineering Education