Web Search Research Articles

Assessing ChatGPT Responses to Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures.

The internet and standard search engines are commonly used resources for patients seeking medical information online. With the advancement and increasing usage of artificial intelligence (AI) in health information, online AI chatbots such as ChatGPT may surpass traditional web search engines as the next go-to online resource for medical information. This study aims to assess the ability of ChatGPT to answer frequently asked questions regarding pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures. Seven (7) frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding SCH fractures were presented to ChatGPT. Initial responses were recorded and rated as either "excellent requiring no clarification (0 items need clarification)," "satisfactory requiring minimal clarification (1 to 2 items need clarification)," "satisfactory requiring moderate clarification (3 to 4 items need clarification)," or "unsatisfactory requiring substantial clarification (>4 items need clarification or response contains false information)." While 4 responses met satisfactory ratings with either moderate (2 responses) or minimal (2 responses) clarification, 3 of the 7 FAQs yielded a response from ChatGPT that were unsatisfactory. There were no responses that required no further clarification. ChatGPT provided some satisfactory responses to FAQs regarding pediatric SCH fractures, but required substantial clarification about treatment algorithms, casting and return to sport timelines, and the utility of physical therapy. Therefore, ChatGPT is an unreliable resource for information on treating SCH fractures. Parents of children who experience SCH fractures should continue to communicate with their doctors for the most accurate medical information. Level V-expert opinion on ChatGPT responses.

Utilizing Platinum(II)-Based Cross-Linker and Two-Stage Data Analysis Strategy to Investigate the Allosteric in Glycogen Phosphorylase.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is widely used in the analysis of protein structure and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Throughout the entire workflow, the utilization of cross-linkers and the interpretation of cross-linking data are the core steps. Cisplatin, as a well-known anticancer drug, has been previously demonstrated for its capability and advantages as a cross-linker. However, the complexity of platinum(II) cross-linked products and the lack of suitable software for data interpretation have hindered its further application. In this work, a two-stage data analysis strategy for platinum(II) cross-linked peptides has been developed and demonstrated on a pair of phosphorylation-induced allosteric systems, glycogen phosphorylase (GP) b and a. This two-stage data analysis strategy takes into account the identification of various types of Pt(II)-containing fragment ions and incorporates the unique isotope distribution properties of Pt(II)-based cross-linkers to eliminate false-positive data and achieve accurate identification of Pt(II)-based cross-linked peptides. The Pt(II)-based cross-linking results allow the capture of structural differences between GPb and GPa at the N-terminus and the tower-tower helices interface, which is consistent with the X-ray crystallography structure as well as our previous HDX-MS results. In addition, it also complements the structure of noncrystallizable regions. Finally, through discussion of existing data search engines and issues in spectral analysis of Pt(II)-based cross-linked peptides, we put forward proposals for follow-up software design, cross-linker developments, and guidance for the application of platinum(II)-based drugs. Overall, Pt(II)-based XL-MS can be a useful tool to complement both experimental and computational structural biology.

The impact of the Hamas-Israel conflict on the U.S. defense industry stock market return.

On October 7th, 2023, Hamas carried out a terrorist attack on Israel. The Israeli government promptly retaliated the attack with massive bombing and a major military operation in the Gaza Strip. Following these events, a period of uncertainty started about the potential escalation of the internal conflict into a widespread regional conflict, or at least causes a threat to the fragile peace in the Middle East. This uncertainty was even further exacerbated as many regional leaders strongly condemned the actions of Israel. This study investigates whether the equity value of U.S. defense companies stands to gain in the short run from the risk of regional peace instability, given the anticipated increase in demand for arms. For this purpose, we rely on different approaches to capture the threat to regional peace caused by the internal conflict, including one based on the intensification of internet searches containing information about the Hamas-Israeli conflict. The key findings of this study unequivocally reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between the conflict intensity and the daily stock market returns of U.S. arms-producing firms. This result may suggest that investors are inclined to believe that the internal conflict is a serious threat to the regional peace, thereby enhancing the business prospects of the U.S. defense industry, as the largest arms supplier in the area.

Passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes: Effects on local policy support, discrimination, and stigma in a United States national survey.

To examine associations between passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes toward opioid use disorder (OUD) policies and stigma among United States (US) adults. A nationally representative survey of 6543 US adults was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Participants reported passive exposure to opioid crisis information from various sources. Outcome measures included preferences for national and local harm-reduction policies, discriminatory practices, carceral approaches, and OUD stigma. Multivariable regression analyses were performed, controlling for demographic factors. Over half (n=3863, 59.4%) of participants reported passive exposure to opioid crisis information. Exposure from medical professionals (b=0.143, p=0.001), family/friends (b=0.118, p=0.013), print media (b=0.135, p=0.019), and web searches (b=0.164, p=0.002) was associated with increased support for local harm-reduction policies. Social media exposure was negatively associated with support for discriminatory practices (b=-0.101, p=0.043). Exposure from medical professionals was negatively associated with OUD stigma (b=-0.090, p=0.014). No significant associations were found between information exposure and support for national harm-reduction policies or carceral approaches. Despite widespread media coverage of the opioid crisis, passive information exposure was only associated with increased support for local, not national, harm-reduction policies. The modest exposure rate (59.4%) suggests an attention gap between information availability and public engagement. The differential effectiveness of information channels suggests that communication strategies emphasizing community-level initiatives and leveraging specific sources like healthcare providers and interpersonal networks may be particularly important for building public support for evidence-based OUD prevention policies.

Generative AI chatbots for reliable cancer information: Evaluating web-search, multilingual, and reference capabilities of emerging large language models.

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) enable real-time web search, improved referencing, and multilingual support, yet ensuring they provide safe health information remains crucial. This perspective evaluates seven publicly accessible LLMs-ChatGPT, Co-Pilot, Gemini, MetaAI, Claude, Grok, Perplexity-on three simple cancer-related queries across eight languages (336 responses: English, French, Chinese, Thai, Hindi, Nepali, Vietnamese, and Arabic). None of the 42 English responses contained clinically meaningful hallucinations, whereas 7 of 294 non-English responses did. 48 % (162/336) of responses included valid references, but 39 % of the English references were.com links reflecting quality concerns. English responses frequently exceeded an eighth-grade level, and many non-English outputs were also complex. These findings reflect substantial progress over the past 2-years but reveal persistent gaps in multilingual accuracy, reliable reference inclusion, referral practices, and readability. Ongoing benchmarking is essential to ensure LLMs safely support global health information dichotomy and meet online information standards.

Transformer-based probabilistic forecasting of daily hotel demand using web search behavior

Transformer-based probabilistic forecasting of daily hotel demand using web search behavior

Rapid Review of Literature Reporting the Experience of Patient and Public Involvement in Prison and Forensic Mental Health Research.

Health research authorities around the world are increasingly committed to embedding public involvement in health and social care research. However, such involvement in internationally published prison and forensic mental health research remains rare. It is therefore particularly important to understand how people are experiencing collaborative research in this field, barriers they may encounter and how these might be overcome. The aim of this review is to explore how academic, practitioner and lived-experience researchers have experienced collaborating on prison and forensic mental health research since a previous review of the topic in 2016. A rapid review of literature was completed by searching three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) between 2016 and July 2023 in addition to Google and Google Scholar searches and hand searching the reference lists of all screened-in documents. We used Reflexive Thematic Analysis to review the screened-in papers. We had lived-experience involvement in this study, which is outlined in our Supporting Information. The database search returned 733 unique articles. Internet searches revealed 10 potentially relevant documents. 20 documents were eligible for inclusion; 15 journal articles, three book chapters, a whole book and a PhD thesis. In the analysis, four overarching themes were developed: the positive psychological impact on lived-experience researchers; it is interpersonally, emotionally and practically challenging; facilitators of the collaborative research process; and positive impact of involvement on the research. Our findings build on the previous review by providing evidence that collaborating on research can have a positive psychological impact on people with lived experience in this setting. It also documents further challenges that are unique to the forensic setting. There was minimal reporting of the experiences of forensic mental health patients involved in research; most included documents focused the experiences of current or former prisoners. Further studies in the topic area are still needed, which utilise a research method to analyse the experiences of conducting collaborative research.

Interactive Voice-Controlled Assistant

Abstract: This project focuses on the development of "Nova," an intelligent virtual assistant designed to enhance productivity and streamline user interactions through voice commands. Built with Python and PyQt5, Nova integrates natural language processing, speech recognition, and automation to execute various tasks, such as managing applications, performing web searches, filling forms, and interacting with hardware components like cameras. It also features multilingual support, allowing users to interact in both English and Hindi. The assistant is implemented with a user-friendly graphical interface and runs seamlessly to provide real-time assistance.

The adolescent Internet Adaptability Scale: Development and psychometric properties

This study presents the development and validation of the Adolescent Internet Adaptability Scale (AIAS), designed to assess adolescents’ adaptive capacities in Internet use. The scale development encompassed multiple phases with diverse sample sizes: item pool generation through interviews (n = 15), scale structure analysis via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA, n = 553) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA, n = 4,637), along with reliability (n = 4,637) and validity (n = 4,637) analyses. The reliability phase included alpha, composite reliability, and retest reliability (n = 132), while the validity phase covered structural, convergent, discriminant, criterion-related validity, and measurement invariance tests. The AIAS, comprising eight dimensions—Internet curiosity, Internet self-efficacy, Internet learning ability, Internet socialization ability, Internet information search ability, Internet information protection ability, Internet self-control ability, and Internet positive coping ability—demonstrates strong reliability and validity. It shows positive correlations with Internet use—parental active help, well-being, and meaning in life, and negative correlations with Internet addiction and depression, with stronger associations observed with positive indicators. These findings highlight the Internet’s potential as a platform for strength acquisition. The AIAS, with its comprehensive nature, is promising for tailoring adolescent support from a positive psychology perspective, enabling holistic assessment and targeted interventions. It also advances understanding of youth development in the digital era, proving valuable for clinical and research applications. Ongoing evaluation, cross-cultural validation, and longitudinal research are essential for realizing its full potential. This multidimensional scale significantly advances the assessment of adolescent Internet use, equipping stakeholders to effectively address adolescents’ digital behaviors for enhancing well-being.

Quality and content assessment of internet information on nasoalveolar molding

BackgroundTo evaluate the quality and content of websites related to nasoalveolar molding (NAM).MethodsA systematic Internet search was conducted using the keywords “nasoalveolar molding” and “presurgical nasoalveolar molding” determined through Google Trends and popular search engines: GoogleTM, YAHOO!® and Yandex®. The top 50 websites were evaluated for each keyword and search engine. Repetitive websites, advertisements, scientific articles, and irrelevant websites were excluded from the study. The remaining 40 websites were evaluated using JAMA benchmarks, HON criteria, DISCERN, and EQIP tools.Results75% of websites were created for informational purposes, and the remaining websites were created for clinical promotion and advertising. According to DISCERN, only 2.5% of the sites were classified as excellent (63 points): 7.5% very weak (16–26 points), 22.5% weak (27–38 points), 40% moderate (39–50 points), and 27.5% good (51 points-62 points).ConclusionsInternet information on NAM was generally at a moderate to poor level in terms of quality and content. In this regard, patients should be informed about the limits of their Internet information, and the Internet content that patients can obtain information should be increased.

Blockbuster or Bust? Silver Screen Effect and Stock Returns

Abstract This study introduces a novel mood metric—blockbuster movie releases—and investigates its correlation with stock market dynamics. We document a significant positive correlation between blockbuster movie releases and U.S. stock market returns in the subsequent week. This pattern remains robust across various robustness tests both in-sample and out-of-sample. The changes in weekly box office revenue and increased Internet searches for movie-related terms further affirm this relationship. Moreover, releases of blockbuster movies predict lower expected market volatility and risk aversion. The positive predictive effect on market returns is also evident in international markets.

Constructing TheKeep.Ca With Thrivers of Cancer in Manitoba, Canada, in Support of Enhancing Patient Engagement: Protocol for a Pragmatic Multimethods Study.

TheKeep.Ca was built to facilitate engagement with those experiencing cancer in Manitoba, Canada. Constructed between 2020 and 2024 with a group of patient advisors, the website includes information on engagement activities including research participation, the patient advisor role, and how those experiencing cancer can access these Manitoba activities. A link allows visitors to register to be contacted about activities that match their demographics, cancer history, and activity preferences. After TheKeep.Ca was constructed, this protocol was developed to establish TheKeep.Ca as a platform for scientific research focused on optimally engaging those experiencing cancer. We asked the following questions: (1) What was the patient advisors' experience who participated in developing TheKeep.Ca? (2) What are the baseline characteristics of website traffic and registrants at TheKeep.Ca? (3) How does registering with TheKeep.Ca impact the cancer experience? The planned launch date for the website and initiation of research activities is January 2025. For objective 1, the active patient advisors (N=6) participating in the website project will be invited to participate in project activities including with responses to a question prompt sheet, semistructured audio-recorded interviews, or both. Responses and interviews will be analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to understand and inform practices for patient engagement on projects. At the website launch, TheKeep.Ca will become publicly accessible and indexable on internet search engines, but no additional promotional interventions will take place in the initial 6 months resulting in visitors primarily from web search traffic. For objective 2, Google Analytics and website registrant data collected during the first six months will be analyzed to obtain baseline characteristics of website visitors. For objective 3, an online survey will be emailed to registrants six months after the website launch characterizing their website experience, the activities they participated in, and collecting feedback on the website. For objectives 2 and 3, quantitative data will be analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data from open-ended questions will be analyzed using thematic analysis guided by an inductive descriptive semantic approach. This study was approved by the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board on December 12, 2024 (HS26614-H2024L263). Institutional approval from CancerCare Manitoba is pending as of December 23, 2024. Findings from objective 1 are expected to be finalized within the first six months after the website launch. Those from objectives 2 and 3 are expected by the 12-month mark. Reporting will include peer-reviewed journals, conferences, and a lay-language summary on TheKeep.Ca. The research outlined in this protocol will facilitate understanding patient advisors' experience in developing TheKeep.Ca. It will also characterize the website' effectiveness and its impact on the cancer experience, providing a baseline and direction for future research and development. PRR1-10.2196/63597.

P-1314. Assessment of the Effect of WHO and USA Antibiotic Awareness Campaigns on Search Engine Queries for Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat according to the World Health Organization (WHO), affecting all countries and at all income levels. Since the WHO’s initial action plan in 2001, multiple campaigns have arisen such as the WHO AMR Awareness Week and the CDC’s U.S. Antibiotic Awareness Week (November 18 to 24). Here, we use Google Trends (GTr) to assess the effects of three awareness campaigns on online search queries related to AMR in the US from their inception to April 2024. Methods GTr analyzes a sample of Google® web searches and allows users to make relative comparisons among searched terms by reporting the highest search volume as 100 and all other search volumes as a proportion of 100. Search queries related to AMR and AMR-related campaigns were used in GTr to generate normalized relative search volumes (RSVs) for each term (Table1). AMR-related campaigns' search volumes were compared to other established disease campaigns (Table 2). GTr search data from Jan 1, 2005 to April 20, 2024 was used. Descriptive statistics were used. No inferential statistics were used due to the nature of the data. Results When assessing RSVs for AMR-related campaigns, “Antibiotic Awareness week” had the highest RSV and peaked each November after 2017 (Figure 1a). When compared to established campaigns for other diseases, the average RSVs over time for AMR-related campaigns was smaller by a ratio of 8 (prostate cancer) to 219 times (breast cancer) (Figure 1b). Amongst AMR-related terms, “antibiotic resistance” was more searched over other terms and had only a slight increase in RSV over the years (Figure 2a). Notably, RSVs for “antibiotic resistance” each year peaked in Feb-Apr and not in November, the month of the AMR campaign (Figure 2b and 2c). Conclusion Despite AMR being one of the most concerning public health threats in the coming decade, public knowledge of this issue trails behind other health related campaigns. RSVs related to AMR did not increase over time despite awareness efforts. Although AMR-related campaigns take place in November, it was not the month with highest RSVs. These findings suggest that more resources may be needed to support the success of these campaign efforts. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Current Status and Prospects of Regional Collaborative Pathways for Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Japan ― A Nationwide Survey ―

Comprehensive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires seamless treatment across institutions, including intensive care centers and local clinics. However, maintaining guideline-directed medical therapy remains challenging. One promising option to improve the situation may be the implementation of regional collaborative clinical pathways. This study evaluated the prevalence and functionality of such pathways for ACS in Japan. A nationwide survey was conducted through questionnaires and web searches, targeting all 47 prefectural managers of Japanese Circulation Association (JCA) branches. The study focused on pathways managed at the prefectural or regional levels, excluding inactive or institutional pathways. In all, 18 pathways were identified: 11 (23%) prefecture wide and 4 (9%) region wide. Most pathways included risk factor targets such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HbA1c, and blood pressure, but only 8 pathways set an LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL. Pathways updated between 2022 and 2024 and incorporating LDL-C management protocols were considered functional. In all, 45 JCA branches viewed future ACS pathways established by the government or academic societies as potentially useful resources. Regional collaborative clinical pathways for ACS patients in Japan show variable implementation across prefectures, with approximately one-third of prefectures having established pathways. Future efforts should prioritize the establishment of comprehensive, sustainable, and standardized pathways to optimize ACS management and improve patient outcomes nationwide.

Strengthening molecular testing capacity in Colombia: Challenges and opportunities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated efforts to enhance pathogen detection using molecular biology techniques. This study examines the expansion of molecular testing capacity in Colombia, identifying strengths and areas for improvement in the existing infrastructure. The study began with the creation of a database inventorying laboratories based on publicly available data from government entities and active web searches. Ten laboratories were selected for detailed characterization. Structured surveys assessed their testing capacity and progress in implementing molecular-based diagnostic tests for various infectious diseases. The strategy for identifying laboratories showed a total of 311 laboratories. Of these, 65 % (n = 202) are private and 21 % (n = 65) are state-owned, mainly public health laboratories, and the remaining 14 % (n = 44) are affiliated with academic institutions. The highest concentration of these labs is in Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca, primarily in urban areas. Key limitations affecting testing laboratories in Colombia include: i) infrastructure (26.2 %), highlighting the need for standardized facility guidelines; ii) quality and documentation (16.7 %), requiring stronger quality management systems; iii) biosafety (14.3 %), emphasizing the need for continuous waste management, especially in public labs; and iv) human talent (10.7 %), needing better policies for staff retention, particularly in government institutions. Strengthening laboratories can establish a comprehensive national molecular testing system. Integrating molecular tests into health system diagnostic algorithms and implementing sustainable laboratory strategies will address human health challenges and support the "One Health" approach for animal and environmental health.

Integrating Speech Recognition and NLP for Efficient Transcription Solutions

Speech recognition, an essential component of natural language processing (NLP), plays a pivotal role in enhancing communication and human-computer interaction. This paper reviews the advancements, challenges, and applications of speech recognition, natural language understanding (NLU), and chatbot technologies. Current speech recognition systems utilize techniques like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to address linguistic errors, gender recognition failures, and inaccurate voice recognition. Applications such as voice assistants offer continuous interaction capabilities, enabling users, including those with disabilities, to perform tasks like web searches and document preparation. Additionally, we examine vulnerabilities in voice assistants, particularly in NLU components like Intent Classifiers, which can misinterpret user inputs and pose security risks. The transformative impact of deep neural networks (DNN) on speech recognition since 2010 is also discussed, alongside their application to fields like machine translation and image captioning. Furthermore, this paper highlights the evolution of chatbots, integrating NLU platforms like Google DialogFlow and IBM Watson, to deliver intelligent, adaptive interactions. By addressing challenges in intent recognition and system integration, this review underscores the potential of AI-driven solutions to revolutionize speech-based applications.

‘Google this!’ How performative links and search engines organise information disorders in a climate obstruction network

ABSTRACT In recent years, information disorders, including on environmental issues, have grown in strength and influence, making research involving detailed analyses of how they are organised increasingly important. This article focuses on a Swedish climate obstruction network and investigates the keyphrases (search queries) they suggest people should google. An analysis of keyphrases suggested between 2014 and 2022 on the network's blog and in other publications shows how these suggestions function akin to hyperlinks in organising an alternative media ecosystem. The article introduces the idea of ‘performative links’ as a way to conceptualise how strategically recommended keyphrases operationalise data voids. Performative links encourage users to ‘do their own research’ by suggesting specific keyphrases as search queries. They connect the technical properties of web search engines with society's demands for individual responsibility and media and information literacy, and they help to promote data voids and feeds into information disorders. The analysis of the keyphrases suggested by the studied climate obstruction network focuses on how these keyphrases are composed, where they are published, how they spread, and what search results and thus information they result in. The findings indicate that performative links are crucial in controlling cross-media alternative media ecosystems. They exploit ideological dialects to construct and maintain data voids but also amplify the climate obstruction message and its reach. The article concludes by emphasising the need for more research on information disorders across different media and platforms, as well as the potential risks associated with performative links and data voids.

The publication fate of abstracts awarded prizes at European Society of Paediatric Radiology annual scientific meetings.

The European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) awards prizes for outstanding work presented at their annual scientific meetings. The proportion of ESPR prize-winning abstracts to journal publications is not known. Contextualising abstract-to-publication proportions by evaluating publication experience can yield valuable insights and actionable outcomes to support researchers in overcoming barriers to journal publication. To assess the abstract-to-publication proportion of prize-winning ESPR abstracts and prize-winning authors' experience of publishing in Pediatric Radiology, the affiliated journal of the ESPR and other specialist international paediatric radiology societies. PubMed was searched for titles of ESPR prize-winning abstracts from 1977 (the year of first award) up to and including 2021, where the presenter was either first or co-author, and the article was published 2years before or after the presentation year. If not found, a general internet search was performed. Titles of all retrieved articles were evaluated for inclusion. A survey was distributed to all ESPR prizewinners to better understand their experiences around journal submission. Over 44years, 108 prizes were awarded. The prize-winning abstract-to-publication proportion was significantly higher (59.3%, OR=2.10, P=0.012) than the recently published pediatric radiology "abstracttopublication rate" (41.9% from 2013-2016). Moreover, prizewinners were more than twice as likely than to achieve journal publication (OR=2.10), and as first author (OR=1.33). The majority of awardees published their work as first author (52/64, 81.3%): the first-author abstract-to-publication proportion was not significantly higher than the paediatric radiology "abstract-to-publication rate" (48.1%, OR=0.33, P=0.330). Sixty-four survey responses were received (59.3%, out of a total 108 awarded prizes). Just over 20% of prize-winning work was published in Pediatric Radiology, with 41.5% of respondents reporting a good to excellent submission experience. Prize-winning and first-author abstract-to-publication proportions are higher for ESPR-awarded abstracts than the most recently reported paediatric radiology "abstract-to-publication rate", suggesting that prizes are either awarded to work most likely to be published or that being awarded a prize encourages publication. Given that justover 40% of prize-winning abstracts remain unpublished, the ESPR should do more to support and encourage all authors to publish their work.

Spectral Clustering-Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Document Clustering

The process of automatically grouping documents into clusters such that the documents in one cluster are very comparable to the documents in the remaining clusters have been known as document clustering. Due to its broad application in a number of fields, including search engines, web mining, and information retrieval, it has been the subject of much research. It involves clustering documents that are identical to one another and calculating how identical they are. It facilitates simple navigation by offering effective document representation as well as visualization. Hence, this research paper plans to perform the document clustering using the nature inspired optimization technique. Initially, the dataset is manually gathered from different sources. Next, the data preparation has been done for extracting the text content from the published documents. These prepared data undergo pre-processing for removing the punctuations, stop words, and lowercase conversion. The features are extracted from these pre-processed data utilizing the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) approach for extracting the keywords. The extracted features undergo the final clustering phase employing the spectral clustering algorithm, in which the parameter tuning has been done by the nature inspired optimization algorithm referred as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with the consideration of silhouette score maximization as the objective function. This proposed spectral clustering-PSO clusters the final output into six classes such as data mining, deep learning, image, machine learning, network, and sports respectively. The proposed document clustering model describes its betterment over the remaining techniques with respect to distinct measures. The proposed spectral clustering-PSO in terms of silhouette score is 51.92%, 70.81%, 45.93%, and 20.89% better than JA-GWO, tpLDA, HDMA, and Net2Vec respectively. Similarly, the proposed spectral clustering-PSO in terms of davies bouldin score is 89.69%, 58.48%, 32.67%, and 13.99% advanced than JA-GWO, tpLDA, HDMA, and Net2Vec respectively.

Virtual Mental Health Counselling

What Is the Issue? The rate of mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, has significantly increased among people aged 15 and older living in Canada. In Canada, more than 1 in 3f those with mental illnesses do not receive adequate mental health (MH) services, with notable geographic disparities in the availability and quality of services. Specialized MH services remain particularly scarce in remote and rural areas. Providing MH counselling through virtual platforms has the potential to enhance the accessibility of MH services and reduce the stigma associated with in-person services. A review of the clinical effectiveness and evidence-based guidelines is required to help understand the potential role of virtual MH counselling in clinical practice. What Did We Do? To inform decisions regarding the use of virtual MH counselling for people with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we conducted a rapid review and summarized evidence that compared the clinical effectiveness of MH counselling provided in a virtual setting versus in person. We also sought to identify evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of virtual MH counselling for these populations. We searched key resources, including journal citation databases, and conducted a focused internet search for relevant evidence published since 2019. One reviewer screened articles for inclusion based on predefined criteria, critically appraised the included studies, and narratively summarized the findings. What Did We Find? We found 6 systematic reviews (SRs) relevant to the present review that evaluated the clinical effectiveness of MH counselling provided through virtual versus in-person settings. Most SRs and their included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported results on the reduction of depression and anxiety, followed by PTSD and OCD. For depression, PTSD and specific anxiety outcomes (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder), the effectiveness of virtual MH counselling in improving these outcomes was comparable to in-person settings. For OCD, results were inconsistent, suggesting virtual MH counselling can be an alternative treatment where in-person MH counselling is not readily available. We found 5 evidence-based guidelines that provide recommendations on the use of virtual MH counselling for adults with depression, anxiety, and PTSD, based mostly on low-quality evidence or expert opinion. We did not find any evidence-based guidelines or relevant recommendations regarding the use of virtual MH counselling for people of any age with OCD nor children and youth with depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Virtual MH counselling is recommended as a first-line intervention for adults with mild depression and for reducing symptoms of anxiety in older adults. Virtual MH counselling is recommended as second-line adjunctive or alternative intervention for adults with moderate-severe depression, certain anxiety disorders, and PTSD. What Does This Mean? Virtual MH counselling may improve clinical outcomes for people with depression, anxiety, OCD, or PTSD and can be used as a comparable or alternative treatment to in-person MH counselling. Virtual MH counselling may address equity issues regarding access to evidence-based MH services where in-person MH counselling is not readily available. Clinicians and health care decision-makers can use the evidence summarized in this review to inform decisions regarding the implementation of virtual MH counselling for adults with depression, anxiety, OCD, or PTSD.