Internet Of Things Healthcare Applications Research Articles

IoT based Health Monitoring System

The Internet of Things (IoT) is essential in innovative applications such as smart cities, smart homes, education, healthcare, transportation, and defense operations. IoT applications are particularly beneficial for providing healthcare because they enable secure and real- time remote patient monitoring to improve the quality of people’s lives. This review paper explores the latest trends in healthcare-monitoring systems by implementing the role of the IoT. The work discusses the benefits of IoT-based healthcare systems with regard to their significance, and the benefits of IoT healthcare. We provide a systematic review on recent studies of IoT- based healthcare-monitoring systems through literature review. The literature review compares various systems’ effectiveness, efficiency, data protection, privacy, security, and monitoring. The paper also explores wireless- and wearable-sensor-based IoT monitoring systems and provides a classification of healthcare- monitoring sensors. We also elaborate, in detail, on the challenges and open issues regarding healthcare security and privacy, and QoS. Finally, suggestions and recommendations for IoT healthcare applications are laid down at the end of the study along with future directions related to various recent technology trends. Keywords: IoT, IoWT, healthcare, monitoring, remote

Anonymous and robust biometric authentication scheme for secure social IoT healthcare applications

In the era of rapid technological advancement, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionised healthcare through systems like the Telecare Medicine Information System (TMIS), designed to streamline patient-doctor interactions and enhance medical treatment. However, the transmission of sensitive patient data over inherently insecure Internet channels exposes it to a spectrum of security risks. Protecting patient medical privacy and ensuring system reliability necessitate mutual authentication between both patients and medical servers. TMIS relies on robust authentication mechanisms, and combining passwords and smart cards has been a recognised approach for mutual authentication. This research introduces an innovative three-factor authentication technique with perfect forward secrecy by leveraging the power of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in tandem with smart cards. Additionally, we have incorporated biometric authentication with a Fuzzy Extractor technology to enhance the security and reliability of the system, setting a new standard for user authentication within the realm of Social IoT healthcare. The use of ECC in the method is justified due to its compact key size and robust security measures, making the solution both efficient and secure. The proposed method safeguards user privacy by permitting registered users to change their passwords without divulging their identity to the server. The Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic (also known as the BAN logic) serves as a proof-of-concept for the proposed scheme’s security. Our system provides privacy protection along with mutual authentication and session key negotiation at a considerably low computation cost and communication cost of up to 71.03% compared to the other four relevant techniques, making it more useful in real-world scenarios.

SECURING IOT HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS AND BLOCKCHAIN: ADDRESSING SECURITY ATTACKS

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the connection of bodily devices as "things" that can communicate with other systems and devices through the Internet and exchange statistics (data or information), facilitating the exchange of data with other systems and devices. These devices have sensors, software, and various components designed to exchange data seamlessly within the IoT network. Securing and protecting the data transmitted over the Internet from unauthorized access is imperative to ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the information. IoT Smart health monitoring systems, integral components of the IoT landscape, are susceptible to various attacks. These include denial of service (DoS), fingerprint, router, select, forwarding, sensor, and replay attacks, all of which pose significant threats to the security of these systems. As such, there is a pressing need to address and mitigate the vulnerabilities associated with IoT healthcare applications. This paper aims to explore the significant role of IoT devices in healthcare systems and provide an in-depth review of attacks that threaten the security of IoT healthcare applications. The study analyses the existing literature on the vulnerabilities present in smart health monitoring systems and the potential application of blockchain technology as a robust solution to enhance the security of IoT healthcare applications. This research reveals critical vulnerabilities in IoT healthcare applications and highlights blockchain's effectiveness in mitigating them, providing insights for robust security measures and strategic decision-making in secure healthcare systems. This paper provides valuable insight and recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners involved in the domain of the IoT healthcare system.

HealthLock: Blockchain-Based Privacy Preservation Using Homomorphic Encryption in Internet of Things Healthcare Applications.

The swift advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), coupled with the growing application of healthcare software in this area, has given rise to significant worries about the protection and confidentiality of critical health data. To address these challenges, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution, providing decentralized and immutable data storage and transparent transaction records. However, traditional blockchain systems still face limitations in terms of preserving data privacy. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhancing privacy preservation in IoT-based healthcare applications using homomorphic encryption techniques combined with blockchain technology. Homomorphic encryption facilitates the performance of calculations on encrypted data without requiring decryption, thus safeguarding the data's privacy throughout the computational process. The encrypted data can be processed and analyzed by authorized parties without revealing the actual contents, thereby protecting patient privacy. Furthermore, our approach incorporates smart contracts within the blockchain network to enforce access control and to define data-sharing policies. These smart contracts provide fine-grained permission settings, which ensure that only authorized entities can access and utilize the encrypted data. These settings protect the data from being viewed by unauthorized parties. In addition, our system generates an audit record of all data transactions, which improves both accountability and transparency. We have provided a comparative evaluation with the standard models, taking into account factors such as communication expense, transaction volume, and security. The findings of our experiments suggest that our strategy protects the confidentiality of the data while at the same time enabling effective data processing and analysis. In conclusion, the combination of homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology presents a solution that is both resilient and protective of users' privacy for healthcare applications integrated with IoT. This strategy offers a safe and open setting for the management and exchange of sensitive patient medical data, while simultaneously preserving the confidentiality of the patients involved.

IoT-Based Healthcare-Monitoring System towards Improving Quality of Life: A Review.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is essential in innovative applications such as smart cities, smart homes, education, healthcare, transportation, and defense operations. IoT applications are particularly beneficial for providing healthcare because they enable secure and real-time remote patient monitoring to improve the quality of people’s lives. This review paper explores the latest trends in healthcare-monitoring systems by implementing the role of the IoT. The work discusses the benefits of IoT-based healthcare systems with regard to their significance, and the benefits of IoT healthcare. We provide a systematic review on recent studies of IoT-based healthcare-monitoring systems through literature review. The literature review compares various systems’ effectiveness, efficiency, data protection, privacy, security, and monitoring. The paper also explores wireless- and wearable-sensor-based IoT monitoring systems and provides a classification of healthcare-monitoring sensors. We also elaborate, in detail, on the challenges and open issues regarding healthcare security and privacy, and QoS. Finally, suggestions and recommendations for IoT healthcare applications are laid down at the end of the study along with future directions related to various recent technology trends.

Internet of Things in the Healthcare System: A Study

Today's health care is increasingly focused on technology. Unexpected deaths among humans are a problem that arises from delayed medical attention. The development of a body health monitoring system is therefore necessary. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the integration of numerous devices capable of connecting to the internet, providing information on the state of a patient's health and providing information in real time to doctors who can help. The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to a system or methodology that enables physical objects to connect and communicate with one another through networking technology. The in-depth analysis of developments in IoT-based healthcare methods is presented in this paper. It also categorises a prevailing IoT-based healthcare net and provides a summary of all prospective systems. In this context, study of IoT health care protocols offers a thorough overview of the topic. A thorough survey of IoT healthcare services and applications is also launched. IoT device data can assist medical professionals in choosing the most effective course of therapy for patients and achieving desired results. For achieving requirements like Data and device security, encompassing the confidentiality and integrity of data as well as the authentication of devices, IoT has been established in healthcare system.

FIDChain: Federated Intrusion Detection System for Blockchain-Enabled IoT Healthcare Applications.

Recently, there has been considerable growth in the internet of things (IoT)-based healthcare applications; however, they suffer from a lack of intrusion detection systems (IDS). Leveraging recent technologies, such as machine learning (ML), edge computing, and blockchain, can provide suitable and strong security solutions for preserving the privacy of medical data. In this paper, FIDChain IDS is proposed using lightweight artificial neural networks (ANN) in a federated learning (FL) way to ensure healthcare data privacy preservation with the advances of blockchain technology that provides a distributed ledger for aggregating the local weights and then broadcasting the updated global weights after averaging, which prevents poisoning attacks and provides full transparency and immutability over the distributed system with negligible overhead. Applying the detection model at the edge protects the cloud if an attack happens, as it blocks the data from its gateway with smaller detection time and lesser computing and processing capacity as FL deals with smaller sets of data. The ANN and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models were evaluated using the BoT-IoT dataset. The results show that ANN models have higher accuracy and better performance with the heterogeneity of data in IoT devices, such as intensive care unit (ICU) in healthcare systems. Testing the FIDChain with different datasets (CSE-CIC-IDS2018, Bot Net IoT, and KDD Cup 99) reveals that the BoT-IoT dataset has the most stable and accurate results for testing IoT applications, such as those used in healthcare systems.

Internet of Things (IoT): A Review of Its Enabling Technologies in Healthcare Applications, Standards Protocols, Security, and Market Opportunities

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a methodology or a system that encompasses real-world things to interact and communicate with each other with the assistance of networking technologies. This article describes surveys on advances in IoT-based healthcare methods and reviews the state-of-the-art technologies in detail. Moreover, this review classifies an existing IoT-based healthcare network and represents a summary of all perspective networks. IoT healthcare protocols are analyzed in this context and provide a broad discussion on it. It also initiates a comprehensive survey on IoT healthcare applications and services. Extensive insights into IoT healthcare security, its requirements, challenges, and privacy issues are visualized in IoT surrounding healthcare. In this review, we analyze security and privacy features consisting of data protection, network architecture, Quality of Services (QoS), app development, and continuous monitoring of healthcare that are facing difficulties in many IoT-based healthcare architectures. To mitigate the security problems, an IoT-based security architectural model has been proposed in this review. Furthermore, this review discloses the market opportunity that will enhance the IoT healthcare market development. To conduct the survey, we searched through established journal and conference databases using specific keywords to find scholarly works. We applied a filtering mechanism to collect only papers that were relevant to our research works. The selected papers were then examined carefully to understand their contributions/research focus. Eventually, the paper reviews were analyzed to identify any existing research gaps and untouched areas of research and to discover possible features for sustainable IoT healthcare development.

Blockchain Communication Platform Selection in IoT Healthcare Industry using MARCOS

The Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare industry is under tremendous pressure to simplify its secure data communication processes. Patients are beginning to consider healthcare services, such as those relating to wellness promotion, illness prevention, diagnosis, care, and recovery, as ongoing cycles. With the prevalence of chronic illnesses on the rise and public perceptions of healthcare shifting, many people increasingly see modern health services as ongoing commitments. Using data provided through the most cutting-edge technology, efficient healthcare systems should reliably provide all their patients with access to the high-quality, comprehensive medical treatment they can afford. So, this study presents a neutrosophic multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model to optimize the selection of blockchain communication platforms in IoT healthcare applications. To identify the best blockchain platform for use in healthcare, the Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) technique was created. The proposed model improves the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability for better Blockchain secure communication in the IoT healthcare industry.

Chaos Based Secure Medical Image Transmission Model for IoT- Powered Healthcare Systems

Due to the extensive development of Internet of Things (IoT) in e-healthcare environment, security and integrity of the medical data especially medical images became a big issue. This paper proposes a chaotic security architecture for ensuring the security of the medical images during transmission and storage. The proposed model is built by comprising of three main stages. At first, message digest 5 algorithm is applied to the plain image for generating the seed key of Lorenz chaotic map. Subsequently Lorenz map is iterated to generate the chaotic key series utilized for further process. In second stage, dual confusion such as row-by-row and column-by-column confusion is executed on the plain image. At last, dual diffusion process is performed by applying binary reverse and compliment operation, in addition to that XOR operation is executed between diffused image and Lorenz chaotic key image. Simulation results and analysis of security level by applying different attacks indicates that the developed cryptosystem has the potential of satisfying the security requirements of IoT healthcare applications.

Towards an Improved Energy Efficient and End-to-End Secure Protocol for IoT Healthcare Applications

In this paper, we proposed LCX-MAC (local coordination X-MAC) as an extension of X-MAC. X-MAC is an asynchronous duty cycle medium access control (MAC) protocol. X-MAC used one important technique of short preamble which is to allow sender nodes to quickly send their actual data when the corresponding receivers wake up. X-MAC node keeps sending short preamble to wake up its receiver node, which causes energy, increases transmission delay, and makes the channel busy since a lot of short preambles are discarded, as these days Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare with different sensor nodes for the healthcare is time-critical applications and needs a quick response. A possible improvement over X-MAC is that local information of each node will share with its neighbour node. This local information exchanged will cause much less overhead than in the nodes which are synchronized. To calculate the effect of this the local coordination on X-MAC in this paper, we built an analytical model of LCX-MAC that incorporates the local coordination in X-MAC. The analytical results show that LCX-MAC outperformed X-MAC and X-MAC/BEB in terms of throughput, delay, and energy.

A Multiobjective, Lion Mating Optimization Inspired Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Sensor Network Based Healthcare Applications.

The importance of body area sensor networks (BASNs) is increasing day by day because of their increasing use in Internet of things (IoT)-enabled healthcare application services. They help humans in improving their quality of life by continuously monitoring various vital signs through biosensors strategically placed on the human body. However, BASNs face serious challenges, in terms of the short life span of their batteries and unreliable data transmission, because of the highly unstable and unpredictable channel conditions of tiny biosensors located on the human body. These factors may result in poor data gathering quality in BASNs. Therefore, a more reliable data transmission mechanism is greatly needed in order to gather quality data in BASN-based healthcare applications. Therefore, this study proposes a novel, multiobjective, lion mating optimization inspired routing protocol, called self-organizing multiobjective routing protocol (SARP), for BASN-based IoT healthcare applications. The proposed routing scheme significantly reduces local search problems and finds the best dynamic cluster-based routing solutions between the source and destination in BASNs. Thus, it significantly improves the overall packet delivery rate, residual energy, and throughput with reduced latency and packet error rates in BASNs. Extensive simulation results validate the performance of our proposed SARP scheme against the existing routing protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, latency, packet error rate, throughput, and energy efficiency for BASN-based health monitoring applications.

A Survey on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing for Healthcare

The fast development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in recent years has supported connections of numerous smart things along with sensors and established seamless data exchange between them, so it leads to a stringy requirement for data analysis and data storage platform such as cloud computing and fog computing. Healthcare is one of the application domains in IoT that draws enormous interest from industry, the research community, and the public sector. The development of IoT and cloud computing is improving patient safety, staff satisfaction, and operational efficiency in the medical industry. This survey is conducted to analyze the latest IoT components, applications, and market trends of IoT in healthcare, as well as study current development in IoT and cloud computing-based healthcare applications since 2015. We also consider how promising technologies such as cloud computing, ambient assisted living, big data, and wearables are being applied in the healthcare industry and discover various IoT, e-health regulations and policies worldwide to determine how they assist the sustainable development of IoT and cloud computing in the healthcare industry. Moreover, an in-depth review of IoT privacy and security issues, including potential threats, attack types, and security setups from a healthcare viewpoint is conducted. Finally, this paper analyzes previous well-known security models to deal with security risks and provides trends, highlighted opportunities, and challenges for the IoT-based healthcare future development.

Super-resolution of retinal images using multi-kernel SVR for IoT healthcare applications

Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare is one of the most popular areas of research due to the rapid development in information and communication technologies. IoT system focusing on human vision would be an ideal solution for the people in developing countries to have adequate medical attention. This paper proposes a hybrid architecture for IoT healthcare to process the retinal images captured using smartphone fundoscopy. The proposed super-resolution (SR) algorithm for retinal images use multi-kernel support vector regression (SVR) to improve the quality of the captured images. The experimental results with respect to the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error (MSE) show that the proposed super-resolution approach for retinal images performs better when compared to the state-of-art algorithms. Further, the hybrid architecture helps the ophthalmologists in efficient diagnosis by providing high resolution retinal images.

Hybrid Security Techniques for Internet of Things Healthcare Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the future where every day physical objects will be connected to the internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices. IoT is a new revolution of the Internet and It will effect in a large number of applications such as smart living, smart home, healthcare systems, smart manufacturing, environment monitoring, and smart logistics. This paper provides integration, summarizes and surveys some of the security techniques especially hybrid techniques that can be applied with healthcare applications in IoT environment.