Internet Dependency Research Articles

Regional homogeneity in internet addiction adolescents: a resting-state functional MRI

Objective To investigate the regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes of internet addiction (IA) adolescents using resting-state fMRI. Methods Twelve internet addiction adolescents and 12 healthy volunteers matched with age, gender and education level were collected from capital institute of pediatrics from October 2014 to August 2015. Mini-mental state examination was done for all subjects. Regional homogeneity of rs-fMRI were evaluated and compared between the two groups by using independent sample t-test. The correlation between ReHo values in different brain regions and hours spent online per week of the IA group was analyzed. Results Compared with normal controls, the adolescents with IA showed significant increased hours online per week (P<0.01). They also showed significant decreased ReHo in the left postcentral gyrus (129 voxels, t=4.45), left inferior parietal lobule (156 voxels, t= 5.02) and left inferior frontal gyrus (117 voxels, t=4.14). No increased ReHo region was found in the whole brain. The correlation analysis showed negative correlation between the hours spent online per week and the ReHo values of the left postcentral gyrus(r= -0.874, P<0.05), left inferior parietal lobule(r= -0.746, P< 0.05), and left inferior frontal gyrus(r= -0.695, P<0.05). Conclusion Adolescents with internet addiction have great ReHo alterations in many brain regions, which were linked to the degree of internet dependency. Key words: Behavior, addictive; Magnetic resonance imaging; Child

Internet Dependence in an Undergraduate Population

This study examined the relationship between Internet dependence in university students and forms of coping with stress and self-efficacy and investigated whether Internet dependence varies according to such variables as sex roles, gender, and duration of Internet use. The study was performed with 632 university students. The Internet Addiction Test, the Coping With Stress Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory Test, and a Personal Information Form were used in the collection of data. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between Internet dependence and the seeking social support form of coping with stress. A significant negative correlation was also determined between Internet dependence and self-efficacy. In addition, university students’ Internet addiction scores varied significantly depending on sex roles.

Internet Dependency among University Entrants: A Pilot Study

The use of the internet has expanded incredibly across the world over the last few years. The internet provides remote access to others and abundant information in all areas of interest. However, maladaptive use of the internet has resulted in impairment of the individual’s psychological well-being, academic failure and reduced work performance (Koet al., 2009; Fisher, 2010., Christakis, 2010; Chou et al., 2005; Young, 1998; Morahan&amp; Schumacher, 2000; Scherer, 1997). Cao et al. (2007) reported internet addiction disorder (IAD) as one of the common mental health problems amongst Chinese adolescents which is currently becoming more and more serious.

Security and Dependability of Cloud-Assisted Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought advancements to many technologies with the aim of getting everything connected and providing smart environments around the globe. However, scarce computational capabilities of smart devices bring security issues to the front. This special issue provides a platform for academia and industry to share their contribution toward secure and dependable IoT in collaboration with resource-rich cloud infrastructure.

Psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test in Turkish.

Background and aimsIn this study, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted to Turkish language, which was originally developed by Young (1998) in English to measure the presence and severity of the Internet dependency. The main purpose was to ensure that the psychometric features and the factor structure of the test were suitable for Turkish university students.MethodThe study was conducted in two sequent phases. Participants were 990 undergraduate students from several public universities in Turkey.ResultsIn the first phase, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to figure out the factor structure of the Turkish version of the IAT. The EFA revealed four factors, which explained 46.02% of the total variance. In the following phase, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a different sample, to verify the factor structure that was found in the initial EFA. The CFA resulted four-factor model was satisfactory for the Turkish version of the IAT. These four factors were named as Mood, Relationship, Responsibilities, and Duration.ConclusionsBased on the findings, the administration of Turkish version of the IAT provided acceptable results on undergraduate students.

大学生におけるインターネット依存傾向,攻撃性, 仮想的有能感の関連

大学生におけるインターネット依存傾向,攻撃性, 仮想的有能感の関連

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internet addiction in young adults.

To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder (IAD) in young adults. We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, focusing our attention on fMRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: fMRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20(th), 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients' age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing fMRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than fMRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis. We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males (95.4%) and very young (21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus. IAD may seriously affect young adults' brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment.

Социально-психологические аспекты зависимости от онлайн-игр и методика ее диагностики

The article analyzes a non-chemical type of the dependence on online games. The author considers classification and universal signs of dependence and draws the line between the two types of addictive behavior: Internet dependence and dependence on online games. In contrast to clinical characteristics used in the scientific literature, the author suggests a new criterion for identification of the dependence on the on- line games in the scientific psychological school A.V. Petrovsky — position "significant other" in real or virtual space. "Game addiction" — a new term, which is introduced in order to distinguish between the concept of gambling, dependence on online games and, dependence on the game, carried out without Internet connection. The author proposes and substantiates the socio-psychological research methodology aimed at its diagnos- tics. Empirical results that indicate differences in the level of Internet dependence and dependence on online games of respondents, depending on the factor of having "sig- nificant other” in the network, are represented.

大学生のインターネット依存傾向と健康度および生活習慣との関連性

大学生のインターネット依存傾向と健康度および生活習慣との関連性

Does internet dependence affect young people's psycho-social status? Intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between internet dependence in university students in late adolescence and self-image. The research group consisted of first year university students studying in various departments of the Karadeniz Technical University Fatih Faculty of Education. The study was performed with 623 students, 454 female and 169 male. The Internet Dependence Questionnaire, the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire and a Personal Data Form were used for data collection. Pearson product moment coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis results showed that students' internet dependence was significantly negatively correlated with the self-image subdimensions intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the self-image subdimensions of intrafamilial and social relations and impulse control subdimensions significantly predict internet dependence.

Psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test in Turkish

Background and aims In this study, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted to Turkish language, which was originally developed by Young (1998) in English to measure the presence and severity of the Internet dependency. The main purpose was to ensure that the psychometric features and the factor structure of the test were suitable for Turkish university students. Method The study was conducted in two sequent phases. Participants were 990 undergraduate students from several public universities in Turkey. Results In the first phase, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to figure out the factor structure of the Turkish version of the IAT. The EFA revealed four factors, which explained 46.02% of the total variance. In the following phase, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a different sample, to verify the factor structure that was found in the initial EFA. The CFA resulted four-factor model was satisfactory for the Turkish version of the IAT. These four factors were named as Mood, Relationship, Responsibilities, and Duration. Conclusions Based on the findings, the administration of Turkish version of the IAT provided acceptable results on undergraduate students.

Агрессивность как фактор интернет-зависимости у подростков

In this paper has been revealed a concept of aggression&#x0D; as one of Internet dependence factors at teenage years, have been&#x0D; formulated the main features of teenagers’ aggressive behavior,&#x0D; emphasized the teenagers’ behavior types, presented recommendations&#x0D; for aggressive behavior prevention at teenage years.

Discriminant Profile of Young Internet Dependents: The Role of Family Relationships

AbstractInternational studies have shown effects of family relations on Internet addiction in young people. This research aimed to outline a discriminant profile of young people classified as dependent and not dependent on the Internet regarding to socio-biodemographic variables to parenting practices, parent-child conflict and interparental conflict. The sample consisted of 200 students (152 girls and 48 boys), between 15 and 24 years of age, 85.5% reside in Rio Grande do Sul and 14.5% in other Brazilian states. Participants responded individually to the protocol available online. The results showed that interparental conflict, parent-child conflict and the educational practice of supervision of paternal behavior discriminate dependents on Internet. The educational practice of maternal emotional support was the only discriminating variable for non-dependents. These national findings corroborate the international context studies and reinforce the importance of including the family in promotion and prevention of mental health of young people.

Who Pays for Online Content? A Media Dependency Perspective Comparing Young and Older People

This study examines predictors of online content purchases through media dependency theory and comparing young and older people. It focuses on actual online content purchases instead of willingness-to-pay used in previous studies. The effects of two dimensions of media dependencies are compared: intensity and referent scopes. Social media dependency and mobile media dependency are examined specifically, in addition to general Internet dependency as new media dependency. Our results show young people make more actual purchases of online content than older people. Predictors of online content purchases include age group, online shopping habits, ownership of mobile applications and mobile devices, Internet referent dependency, and social media intensity dependency. New media referent dependency is more important than intensity dependency for predicting online content purchases.

Problematic Internet Use among Al-Azhar University Students in Cairo

Background: the Internet has become an important tool for social interaction, information, and entertainment. Studies have shown that the percentage of students using the Internet has increased dramatically. However, as the Internet has moved into homes, schools, Internet cafes, and businesses, there has been a rapidly growing public awareness of the potential adverse effects arising from excessive, maladaptive or addictive Internet usage, which are a condition also known by terms such as problematic Internet use (PIU), Internet dependence and pathological Internet use. Aim of the study: 1- To determine the general characteristics of Internet users among Al-Azhar under graduate university students in Cairo. 2- To explore the problematic Internet use (PIU) among under graduate university students based on the Internet activities . 3- To investigate the difference between males and females regarding PIU. Materials and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 600 undergraduate university students including both scientific and literary collages of Al-Azhar Universities for girls and boys in Cairo. This sample was chosen randomly through on line questionnaire. All participants voluntarily participated in the present study to identify the extent of problematic Internet use among university students. On line self-administered questionnaire that designed to include different items. Results: female students had significantly lower PIU levels on alldimensions (i.e., social comfort, loneliness/depression, diminished impulse control anddistraction) than those of males. Furthermore, the results reveal that the students who use internet frequently (3-6 hours/day) and those who use it for entertainment (e.g., game), chat, news (policy or sports news) and social networking purposes have significantly higher PIU levels on all dimensions than the students who use it for less than 3 hours/day or for scientific purposes. Moreover, multiple regression analyses reveal that gender and time spent online daily are significant predictors of PIU and its all dimension except for diminished impulse control only time spent online daily is the predictor. Conclusion: males are more at risk than females in terms of problematic Internet use. The effect of duration of daily internet use on cognitions about PIU was found to be significant in all analyses. Recommendation: the students should be informed about the association between long use of internet /day and PIU to protect them from negative consequences PIU.

Risk of internet addiction among undergraduate medical, nursing, and lab technology students of a health institution from Delhi, India

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess prevalence, usage pattern, and risk of internet addiction (IA) among undergraduate students of a health institution from Delhi. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during March-April 2015 using 20-item Young's IA test, a Likert scale-based interview schedule with scores ranging from 0 to 100 points with a higher score indicating greater internet dependency. Background variables included sociodemographic details, general health practices, self-assessment of mental health status, inter-personal relation (family/friends), personality type, and global satisfaction in life. The scoring pattern was analyzed in the form of low risk (score ≤49 points) and high risk (score ≥50 points) for IA. The proportion, Chi-square test, adjusted, and un-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) were computed using regression analysis. Results: Out of 202, 40.6% were MBBS students, followed by 35.6% from nursing, and 23.8% from medical lab technology stream; 68.3% were females; the mean age was 20.3 ± 1.4 years; and 61.9% were residing in hostels. It was observed that 44 (21.8%) and 22 (10.9%) students had ever consumed alcohol and smoked, respectively, while only 42 (20.8%) were engaged in physical activity (≥30 min) during most (≥5) of the days of the week. Based on self-assessment, 33 (16.3%) were globally dissatisfied and 88 (43.6%) reported themselves to be introverts. The majority of students were using internet for educational purpose (98%), entertainment (95.0%), accessing social sites (92.5%), checking E-mails (76.2%), and pornographic websites (45%). With regard to IA, 171 (84.7%) were at low risk (score ≤49) and 31 (15.4%) were at high risk (score ≥50). Male students (P = 0.001), ever consumed alcohol (P = 0.003), ever smoker (P = 0.02), and regular physical activity (P = 0.04) were found to be significantly associated with a high risk of IA based on Chi-square test, but none were found significant at higher levels of analyses (adjusted OR). No significant association of IA was found with mental status, global satisfaction, inter-personal relationship, or personality type. Conclusion: A large majority (84.7%) of students in our study are found to be at low risk of internet addiction.

Influence of types of playing digital games on internet dependence tendency and SNS tired

Influence of types of playing digital games on internet dependence tendency and SNS tired

Impact of the ConRed program on different cyberbulling roles.

This article presents results from an evaluation of the ConRed cyberbullying intervention program. The program's impacts were separately determined for the different roles within cyberbullying that students can take, i.e., cyber-victims, cyber-bullies, cyber-bully/victims, and bystanders. The ConRed program is a theory-driven program designed to prevent cyberbullying and improve cyberbullying coping skills. It involves students, teachers, and families. During a 3-month period, external experts conducted eight training sessions with students, two with teachers and one with families. ConRed was evaluated through a quasi-experimental design, in which students from three secondary schools were separated into experimental and control groups. The sample comprised 875 students, aged between 11 and 19 years. More students (n = 586) were allocated to the experimental groups at the specific insistence of the management of all schools; the remainder (n = 289) formed the control. Repeated measures MANOVA showed that cyber victims, cyber aggressors and cyberbully/victims reduced their involvement in cyberbullying. Moreover, cyber-victims and bystanders adjusted their perceptions about their control of personal information on the Internet, and cyber aggressors and bystanders reduced their Internet dependence. The ConRed program had stronger effects on male participants, especially in heightening their affective empathy.

INTERNET DEPENDENCE IN CHINESE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: RELATIONSHIP WITH SEX, SELF-ESTEEM, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT.

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among self-esteem, social support, and Internet dependence. A sample of young people aged between 15 and 18 years old (M age = 16.3 yr., SD = 0.7; 470 boys, 441 girls) completed measures of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Internet Dependence Test. According to the cognitive-behavioral model of problematic Internet use, social support should mediate the relationship between self-esteem and Internet dependence. Furthermore, based on previous research it was predicted that boys would score higher on Internet dependence than women. Support for this model was obtained. Internet dependent students were more likely to be boys. Self-esteem and social support were negatively correlated with Internet dependence. The relationship between self-esteem and Internet dependence was mediated by social support. Although the effect sizes were small, the findings of the present study are of significance in investigating adolescents' Internet dependence.

A Study of the Relationship between Internet Dependence and Social Skills of Students of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Internet dependence is a topic of interest that has been discussed as a behavior-based addiction in recent years and has become a growing issue in the information technology era. This addiction has caused many problems for college students. In this regard, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and social skills of students of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The sample included 354 medical students who were selected through applying stratified random sampling method and were tested using two questionnaires of Internet Addiction and Social Skills. Data were analyzed applying the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The findings indicated that there were significant positive relationships between Internet dependence and social skills. Internet dependence has a reversed relation with initiation and termination, assertiveness, social reinforcement, empathy, and cooperation. Increasing Internet dependence, these skills weakened. However, no significant correlation was found between Internet dependence and orientation skills. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis showed that these five variables predicted about 66% of the criterion variable (internet dependence). Conclusion: Since Internet addiction can falter students’ social skills and has strong negative effects on interpersonal communication and social interaction, it is essential to make efforts to give students’ use of the Internet a specific direction to avoid its probable adverse effects.