Internet Comments Research Articles

Językowy obraz Araba w polszczyźnie wypowiedzi internetowych

This article is an attempt to analyse the image of Arabs in colloquial Polish language (based on Internet comments). As the contacts between Poland and the Arab world were very limited in the past, the stereotype of Arabs does not have a long history which could result in consolidated language forms. Rather than that, the image of Arabs is still being created due to the increasing number of Arabs in Europe, as well as easy access to information. The goal was not only to examine whether Arabs are perceived in a negative or a positive way, but also to specify which opinions about them are most commonly shared by Poles. The three profiles that were most popular in the analysed material were: stereotype of radical religiousness and aggression of Arabs, stereotype of the relations between males and females in the Arab world and stereotype concerning the looks. The vast majority of texts revealed an unenthusiastic attitude of Poles towards Arabs.

ЛІНГВОСТИЛІСТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ІНТЕРНЕТ-КОМЕНТАРІВ НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНИХ НАУКОВО-ПОПУЛЯРНИХ БЛОГІВ

In recent decades Internet communication has aroused great interest among specialists in the humanities, as evidenced by the fact that large number of works are performed on the material of different languages. The urgency of the research is caused by the need of linguistic and stylistic characteristics of Internet comments in German popular science blogs as one of the most popular genres of Internet communication. The research objective is to establish a genre model for constructing and describing of Internet comments in Internet communication. The object of our research is a German popular science blog. It is usually personal and multimedia in nature and can be both standalone and located on a particular blog platform, which greatly simplifies the authors of the blog, firstly, its creation and editing, and secondly, attracts the reader. Our analysis revealed the metatextual nature of Internet comments, which manifests itself depending on the source text in the form of a blog entry. Comments are a secondary speech genre, peripheral to the central genre – blogging. Analysis of the linguistic and stylistic characteristics of Internet comments allowed to establish: its syntactic features (most often the use of complex causes, additional, definite, complex, interrogative and exclamatory sentences); its lexical features (saturation with scientific terms, Latinisms, English loan words, abbreviations and acronyms).

Legitimizing Strategies in Video Messages of Regional Politicians of Russia and Germany during the First Lockdown of COVID-19

The article analyzes the legitimizing strategies of regional politicians of Russia and Germany. The purpose of our research is to identify, describe and compare legitimizing strategies and tactics in political video messages of regional politicians of Russia and Germany in the linguopersonological aspect. The purpose of the work was to determine the individual language tools of politicians, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics used. The subject of the study is the linguistic means of implementing strategies by regional politicians of Russia and Germany, as well as the linguistic means of spontaneous speech of commentators legitimizing political actions. The results of the study: the legitimizing strategies and tactics, as well as the communicative moves that implement them, characteristic of the discourse of each politician, are determined, the results are compared. The analysis revealed that the main strategies of the legitimizing discourse of the politicians of Russia and Germany are the strategy of theatricality and the strategy to increase. As a result of the analysis of the Internet comments, the effectiveness of strategies implemented in the discourses of politicians is determined

Internet Comments as Delegitimization-Driven Discourse (a Case Study of the Fox News Materials on the Political Actions of the U.S. President Joe Biden)

The article introduces delegitimization as a macro-strategy of non-professional political discourse. The author studied comments on the site of the American Fox News to analyze the strategy of rational pessimism chosen by its readers as recipients of political news about the new president of the United States Joe Biden. The delegitimization discourse in the genre of Internet comments to political news proved to combine rational text production, emotional message, and an appeal to universal values. The strategy of rational pessimism manifested itself in the ideologies of the crises of democracy and presidential power. These cognitive-discursive units were actualized by both the broad extralinguistic context, i.e. the current political situation, and the immediate context, i.e. the publication aimed at discrediting Biden’s policy. The commentators' arguments about problems in the sphere of politics, economics, and business determined the interdiscursive nature of communication. While expressing pessimistic moods and negative attitude to the political actions of the U.S.President and the Democratic Party, the commentators appealed to the value categories of personal and state security.

Проявление речевой агрессии в интернет-комментариях (на примере форума «Кому за...», входящего в состав портала “Ykt.Ru”)

The study aims to shed light on the features of verbal aggression manifestation on social networks of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a part of the study, Internet comments on one of the topics posted on the message board “For People Over…” of the portal “Ykt.Ru” were analysed. The topic of discussion was the main political event in the life of the capital of the Republic, i.e. the early election of the head of the “City of Yakutsk” municipality in March 2021. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is the first time that the linguistic means and ways of expressing verbal aggression on social networks of the main Yakut Internet resource have become an object of research. The message board “For People Over…” of the portal “Ykt.Ru” has not been previously subjected to such a consideration. The study makes a certain contribution to the development of the theoretical basis for linguistic analysis of conflict Internet texts. The attained results showed that message board users, while discussing specific personalities, namely public people, and expressing their attitude to the situation in the comments, use negative evaluative vocabulary, direct insults, abusive language (invective), stylistically substandard (colloquial, vernacular) vocabulary, impolite form of address, sarcasm, etc.

АНАЛИЗ РАБОТЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В УСЛОВИЯХ АО «ШУБАРКОЛЬ КОМИР»

В статье представлены результаты научно-исследовательских работ, выполненных в области промышленного железнодорожного транспорта. Исследована работа промышленного железнодорожного транспорта в условиях АО «Шубарколь комир». Проведенный анализ основных показателей (вскрыша, добыча угля, вагонооборот, простой вагона под грузовыми операциями) работы АО «Шубарколь комир». Анализ проведен с использованием научной методики по прогнозированию изменений основных показателей промышленных предприятий на перспективу. Прогноз осуществлен путем аппроксимации основных показателей в функции времени. По результатам расчета получены аппроксимирующие функции и графики изменений основных показателей работы АО «Шубарколь комир» на перспективу. Рассмотрены основные мероприятия по совершенствованию работы промышленного железнодорожного транспорта АО «Шубарколь комир».

Communicative and Pragmatic Features of Everyday Media Discourse in French Linguistic Culture

The article studies the communicative and pragmatic features of everyday media discourse based on the material of French mass-media, particularly, on the Internet commentary as one of the genres in the field of the most important French media events. Based on the empirical material, the following communicative and pragmatic characteristics of Internet comments are identified: interactivity, creativity, authenticity, emotional intensity, brevity. The results of the study underline the importance of further studying the everyday French media discourse, its linguistic and cultural features, and the importance of making a contrastive-comparative analysis of the Internet comments to the same events by different linguistic cultures (French, Russian, English, etc.), in order to highlight ethnospecific and universal methods of social interaction in everyday virtual discourse and in everyday media discourse in particular.

GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET RESPONSES: PROFILE OF PRIME MINISTER KRIŠJĀNIS KARIŅŠ IN SELECTED DIGITAL MEDIA USERS’ COMMENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Perceptions play a pivotal role in assessment of efficiency of government communication. Informed by the strategic narrative conceptual framework this study looks at perception of government communication in Internet comments during three essential dates in conquering the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia: introduction of emergency situations on March 12 and November 6, 2020, and introduction of a curfew on December 29, 2020. The study uncovers how often and how the main spokesperson in government communication – the Prime Minister of Latvia Krišjānis Kariņš – is framed in comments of three online news media in Latvia (Apollo, Delfi, Tvnet) in Latvian and Russian. Using a digital tool for online comments analysis - the Index of Internet Aggressiveness (IIA), a data set is created of 244 comments, containing a key word “Kariņš” in various cases in Latvian and Russian. Qualitative content analysis is applied to extract and to compare the frequency of appearance and the framing of Kariņš over the course of the pandemic in Latvia. The findings reveal that Kariņš appears in comments significantly more after news in Latvian than in Russian, and has been commented five times more in Delfi than in Tvnet and Apollo together. The comments in Latvian are more aggressive than in Russian, and their emotional tone increases towards the end of 2020. In majority of comments the framing is negative involving attributes of irresponsibility, superficiality, indecisiveness and danger; yet positively framed rigidity and decisiveness of Kariņš can be observed too.IIA is an online comment analysis tool, incorporating a machine learning program, which analyses users’ comments on news on online news sites according to pre-selected keywords to grasp the commenters’ verbal aggressiveness. In March 2021 the IIA data set consists of ~25.08 million comments; ~ 616.62 million word usage in written commenting and ~ 1357.40 thousand news.

Linguistic characteristics of Kazakhstan political internet comments

"The aim of this work is determined by the importance of expanding and advancing in the development of conceptual directions within the framework of political linguistics, cultural linguistics, and consideration of linguistic characteristics based on the material of Kazakhstan political Internet comments, which has a greater effect on the consciousness of the people. It is implied in this statement there is an idea of ​​the most important characteristics of representatives of the population – a parameter that influences the development of political discourse in conceptual and expressive aspects. The results of the generalized analysis serve as a basis for deepening such studies and disseminating them to other languages. The conducted research Internet commentary makes a certain contribution to the general theory of modern linguistics, practical lexicography. Evaluating different approaches to discourse also pushes this area forward methodologically. Research shows that well-known discourse centers are organizing a networked public to conduct a survey. "

Ak się zmienia językowy obraz gołębia w polszczyźnie?

This scetch is dedicated to the reconstruction of a linguistic picture of a pigeon in Polish. The research mate-rial consists of lexicographic definitions, idioms, proverbs, derivative words and semantic neologisms, while the latest language data, represented by the texts of Internet comments, allow to reconstruct the most current components of the picture of this bird. The analysis shows that the positive picture of the pigeon as a faith-ful, gentle bird and a symbol of love and peace, is beginning to be replaced by the negative associations. The phrases gołąb to nie ptak (‘pigeon is not a bird’) and latający szczur (‘a rat with wings’) remove the pigeon outside the zoological class of birds and thus – give it a negative axiological characterization.

Dehumanizacja w komentarzach internetowych w polskich portalach informacyjnych. Identyfikacja i klasyfikacja zjawiska na przykładzie odbioru Fransa Timmermansa

Dehumanization in the Internet Comments on Polish News Portals. Identification and Classification of the Phenomenon, on the Example of the Reception of Franz Timmermans The paper addresses the issue of the main types of dehumanization in the Polish right-wing portals (wPolityce, DoRzeczy, Republika) and the conceptualization of hypotheses concerning the relationship between framing and the content of comments on the Vice-President of the European Commission, Frans Timmermans. The premise of the paper is that an article and its comments form a specific entity and in tandem constitute its essence (global sense) together. In the literature review, some types of dehumanization were distinguished: animalization, biologization, objectification, subhumanization, demonization. An insectization was added as an extremely hateful form of de-humanization. Then the role of political hate speech and selected forms of dehumanization in the portals was determined by specially prepared indicators. Comments in the right-wing identity portals like wPolityce and Republika are specific with the noticeable role of insectization and demonization. Subsequently, the dehumanization comments in right-wing portals were compared with the comments on TVPInfo and Gazeta.pl. The latters, in comparison to right-wing portals, turned out to be similar when it comes to dehumanization as such and political hate speech, but contained a limited number of dehumanization forms. Frames based on conflict were consistently used in all the portals. However, the right-wing portals were distinguished by a much greater role of moral frames, which, combined with expressive linguistic forms, constituted strong frames.

Comment on Social Networking Sites as a Result of Dialogization (Based on the Material of Internet Comments on Vaccination Against COVID-19)

Comment on Social Networking Sites as a Result of Dialogization (Based on the Material of Internet Comments on Vaccination Against COVID-19)

Text Derivative Description of Political Discourse (based on the example of Kazakhstani Internet comments)

The proposed article is devoted to the study of political Internet comments published on Kazakhstani sites. The text of a political article has a potential of derivational functioning, which is realized in the text of an online commentary and is objectified in it under influence of variable strategies and tactics. The purpose of the study is to determine the textual parameters of the text generation of Kazakhstani political Internet comments in the linguistic-personalological aspect. In the course of linguistic analysis, the following methods were used: linguistic description, derivatological analysis technique, sampling method. The study is based on a model of the text-derivatological analysis of derivative texts, which are considered in the formal, substantial and functional plans. As a text-derivative analysis’ result of political Internet comments, the text parameters of the text generation were identified. The result of text-derivatological and linguoculturological research showed that Kazakhstani Internet comments are dominated by a text strategy

Online incivility in times of Covid-19: Social disunity and misperceptions of tourism industry in Poland

Lockdowns and other counter-measures introduced by governments around the globe in the aftermath of the outbreak of coronavirus dealt a serious blow to tourism and the hospitality industry. Faced with bankruptcy and closure, tourism-related businesses raised the alarm and called for government support, which in turn triggered numerous comments from online audiences. Focusing on such online discourses and the incivility they abound with, the present article aims to address various aspects of the interface between the crisis, online communication and social polarization, as well as the constitutive and constituted nature of discourse. We bring under scrutiny the response of the online public to appeals from the tourism industry, working on the assumption that these Internet comments, in terms of content and form, have been considerably shaped by three factors, namely (1) public perception of the tourism industry, (2) culture-related emotionality patterns, as well as (3) techno-discursive design and the resulting dynamics of communication within cyberspace. Adopting the Media Proximization Approach (MPA), together with the CDA perspective on discourse and representation, and drawing on insights from studies on online communication we analyze and discuss the corpus of online comments (53,043 words) following 21 articles on the crisis within the tourism industry in Poland published between 6 March and 23 June 2020. Our findings show that the response of the online public, which is predominantly negative and at times hostile, reflects the socio-political polarization in Poland, enhanced by the sense of threat to life and health as well as the scarcity of resources. Cyberspace and its technological affordances considerably affect solidarity and disunity dynamics through representational and interpersonal proximization, enabling creation and perpetuation of stereotypes along with values and emotions. Acting as proximization triggers, nomination, predication and argumentation strategies both reflect and shape knowledge and axiological preferences, which constitute an integral part of the construction of social reality.

KAZAKHSTANI POLITICAL INTERNET COMMENTARIES IN DERIVATIONAL AND LINGUO-PERSONALOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Development of computer networks, informational and communication technologies have had an undeniable impact on the linguistic or rather speech sphere of human life and contributed to the texts emergence of different genres. The proposed work is devoted to the study of Kazakhstani political Internet commentaries in derivational and linguo-personalological aspects. The text of a political article has a potential of derivational functioning, which is realized in the text of an online commentaryinfluenced by variable strategies and tactics. The aim of the study is to determine parameters of personal and textual generation of Kazakhstani political Internet comments. Taking as a basis for classification the parameters of the content, form and function of the secondary text, we identified the tactics of text generation within the subjective (personal) and objective (textual) strategies of textual activity. The result of text-derivatological and llinguo-personalological research showed that Kazakhstani Internet comments are dominated by a text strategy, where the most used tactics are keyword tactics and copial contenttactics.

Main peculiarities of Arabic-language content on the Internet

This article is dedicated to the trend that emerged in recent decades to transliterate Arabic text in the Internet comments and text messages, using the numbers for conveying the specificity of Arabic sounds. The object of this research is Arabizi – the macaronic jargon in electronic correspondence of Arabic native speakers, while subject is its specific characteristics. In the course of study, the author selected the microtexts posted by Arabic-speaking audience in the popular social networks Facebook and Twitter, YouTube video hosting, as well as private correspondence via such messengers as Viber and WhatsApp. The mandatory criterion was the affiliation of words to the common Arabic lexicon, as well as validation and similarity of the materials from different sources. Misprints and erratives were left out. The selected examples were classified by age (group 1 – 30 – 35 years old, group 2 – above 35 years old.) and nationality (from any Arab country) of their author. The scientific novelty is define by the fact that this article is first to examine the features that differentiate Arabizi from similar macaronic jargons, such as Denglish, Franglais, Spanglish, Ruglish. Possible ways for further development of language situation in the Arab world are proposed. The author determined that short messages in Arabizi virtually frame the written form that captures the specificity of oral dialect speech of the Arabic native speakers. The conclusion consists in formulation of distinctive characteristics of the indicated macaronic language that emerged as a result of interference due to familiarization of Arabs with the European languages, namely English.

The Ideational Stigmatization of Immigration Detainees, Their Advocates, Captors, and Their Apologists in the Commentary Section of U.S. Newspapers

Although the United States has long been criticized for its treatment of migrants, the family separations that resulted from the Trump administration’s “Zero Tolerance” policy drew particularly intense approbation and much media coverage in June 2018. One way to understand the conflict over this policy is to view it as a stigma contest where the status of a number of identities (migrant, immigration advocate, captor, policy apologist) are subject to a liminal stigma. Recent scholarship has documented how internet commenters disparage certain identities as they defend others. Through a qualitative content analysis of 172 opinion articles published in U.S. newspapers between 2009 and 2020, this article examines the ways that ideational stigmatization of immigrant detainees, captors, and nativists has and has not varied by time and arena of the public sphere. We find that many of the condemnations and denials found online are also prominent in editorials and op-eds. (e.g., detention as cruel, detainees as noncriminals, captors as racist, detainees as nonvictims,). The commentary section of U.S. newspapers, however, tended to defend the detainees and condemn their captors and nativist citizens. These findings provide a fuller record of how immigration detention and family separation were constructed during the Trump administration and a deeper understanding for the fervor of U.S. nativists.

Niechciani obcy – imigranci w świetle komentarzy internetowych

Unwanted Aliens – Immigrants in the Light of Internet Comments
 The article deals with comments published in the Internet as a reaction to remarks made by foreigners. Subject’s utterances are treated as a way of his (her) self-presentation and presentation of held values. The author uses methodology of cognitive linguistic and concept of linguistic image of the world. The article shows that when Polish Internet users encounter aliens they use stigmatization and stereotypes, feel threatened and display their aversion.

Непрофессиональный политический дискурс: интенциональный аспект (на материале интернет-комментариев к политическим новостям)

This study examines the issues of generating non-professional political discourse in an intentional aspect. Non-professional political discourse is born on special platforms designed to discuss events of a political nature by each user, regardless of their profession, social status, etc. Among these venues is the space of Internet comments. The multiple nature of their generation is determined by a number of discourse-forming factors (linguistic in combination with extra-linguistic ones), including the intentions of Internet users: to learn the latest political events and give their own assessment of what is happening, discuss current news and argue their political position. Despite the dependence of these texts on the primary text of political news, as well as on the preconditioned set form of a commentary, the analysis of user replicas explicates a rich repertoir of intentions of the participants. The author suggests considering the category of intentionality in the aspect of its implementation in non-professional political discourse in three guises: receptive-cognitive, communicative-interpretative and communicative-interactive.

Linguistic Personological marker of Ordinary Political Discourse (on the example of Russian Internet comments)

The article is devoted to the results of a linguistic-personal research conducted on the basis of political Internet commentaries published on Russian sites. The article considers such aspects of the topic as: Internet communication, text-derivatology, linguistic-personology. In this study, special attention is paid to the virtual linguistic persona, reconstructed on the basis of their political Internet comments which manifest the linguistic abilities in the mental and psychological aspect. Methods of comparative-contrastive, descriptive methods and the method of quantitative estimation were applied in order to study this subject, and the research is basedon the text-derivative analysis of derived texts, which are considered in the formal, content and functional plans. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of personal text generation of Russian political Internet comments in the linguistic-personalological aspect. In the proposed article, a linguistic personality is reconstructed on the basis of political internet comments which reflect her linguistic abilities. In the course of linguistic analysis, the following methods were used: linguistic description, derivatological analysis technique, sampling method. As a result of analysis of political Internet comments, the parameters of the personal factor of text generation were revealed.