Internet Addiction Test Research Articles

Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kecanduan Internet pada Remaja di SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam Padang Pariaman

Uncontrolled and excessive use of the internet can have a negative impact in the form of internet addiction. Internet addiction can be experienced by anyone, especially teenagers. Teenagers are at the stage of identity crisis, tend to have a very high curiosity, and always want to try new things. One of the factors that influence internet addiction in adolescents is emotional intelligence. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and internet addiction in adolescents at SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam, Padang Pariaman Regency. This research method uses a correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students of SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam with a total sample of 110 respondents using the proportional strafied random sampling technique. The measuring tools used are The Schutte Emotional intelligence Scale for emotional intelligence and the Internet Addiction test for internet addiction. The results showed the average score of emotional intelligence was 118 which was moderate emotional intelligence and the average score for internet addiction was 42 which was mild internet addiction. The results of bivariate analysis using the Pearson showed p value = 0.000 and r value = -0.756 which means there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and internet addiction with a strong relationship strength in a negative direction. Which means that the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the internet addiction.

Case report for an internet- and mobile-based intervention for internet use disorder.

Internet use disorder (IUD), characterized as the inability to control one's internet use, is associated with reduced quality of life and mental health comorbidities such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety. Evidence-based treatment options are scarce due to the novelty of the diagnosis. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI) may be an effective means to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUD as they address affected individuals in their online setting. This study presents a newly developed IMI for IUD disclosing treatment satisfaction and preliminary effects by exemplifying with a case report. The case of a female participant with IUD, characterized by an excessive use of social media, is analyzed. The case report follows the CARE guidelines and presents qualitative and quantitative outcomes regarding potential symptom reduction measured by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), treatment satisfaction measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) and feasibility by analyzing participant's written feedback during treatment. The case report shows that internet- and mobile-based interventions may be feasible in supporting an individual in reducing symptoms of IUD as well as depressive symptoms, anxiety and procrastination behavior. Treatment satisfaction was reported as good. This case report illustrates that IMIs can have the potential to be an easily accessible and possibly effective treatment option for IUD. Case studies on IMIs may provide insights into important mechanisms for symptom change. Further studies are needed to expand our understanding of this diverse disorder to provide adequate treatment. https://clinicaltrials.gov/,DRKS00015314.

Internet use 101 in college: Do undergraduates want to learn healthier internet use?

BackgroundInternet overuse is an emerging public health emergency, especially for college students in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess college students’ internet usage and interest in learning healthy internet usage skills as part of a college curriculum. Study designParticipants completed an online anonymous questionnaire which included the short version of the Internet Addiction Test, a modified Youth Health Movement survey, and questions regarding their interest in healthy internet use coursework. MethodsA total of 402 participants were recruited via an email LISTSERV of current undergraduates and recent graduates who had taken at least one class within a child and adolescent mental health studies minor while enrolled in a large university. ResultsOverall, 70% of participants reported that they use the internet excessively, and a majority of participants reported that internet use has negatively affected their sleep and increased their anxiety. Seventy percent of participants reported that they would benefit from instruction on healthy internet usage via formal courses for credit or online modules. ConclusionsStudents are aware of the difficulty in managing their internet use in college and are motivated to engage in novel courses on healthy internet usage. Academic institutions should consider developing courses or modules on healthy internet use.

The Relationship between Internet Addiction, Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between internet addiction, mental health and suicidal behavior among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Online survey method is used in this study. 150 undergraduate students were recruited through convenience sampling. There were three instruments used in this study which were The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Mental Health Inventory-18 (MHI-18) and The Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R). Descriptive analysis is conducted to determine the prevalence of university students with internet addiction. The results showed that undergraduate students with severe internet addiction was 5.3 %, while 51.3 % of the undergraduate student had moderate level of internet addiction, 28.7% of them had mild level of internet addiction and the rest were normal users of internet. Next, Pearson’s Correlation analysis showed that there is a low negative correlation between internet addiction and mental health (r_150 = -.27, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the Pearson’s Correlation analysis also showed that there is a weak positive correlation between internet addiction and suicidal behavior (r_150 = .23, p < 0.01). In conclusion, we can observe that internet addiction is significantly related to mental health and suicidal behavior. We need to take this issue more seriously as mental health is an important aspect in our life.
 
 Keywords: Internet addiction, Mental health, Suicidal behavior, Undergraduate students

At-risk internet addiction and related factors among senior high school teachers in Japan based on a Nationwide survey.

Internet addiction (IA) has been drawing attention to mental health. However, few reports have been found on the related factors of at-risk IA among regular workers by a nationwide survey. The study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of at-risk IA and identify related factors among senior high school teachers in Japan. This survey was a cross-sectional survey of high schools across Japan in 2017. There were 3189 teachers (2088 males and 1098 female) who participated in this survey. The questionnaire asked about their devices, both the time and the activities of using their internet, and sociodemographic factors. IA was measured by the internet addiction test (IAT) by which 40-79 points were classified as at-risk IA, and more as IA. We compared the related factors of at-risk IA and non-IA using descriptive analysis and multivariable regression analysis. The rates of IA and at-risk IA were 0.09% (n = 3) and 6.91% (n = 220), respectively. At-risk IA was positively associated with activities on the internet for gaming, entertainment, net-surfing, and younger ages. In addition, the at-risk IA group had a longer time spent on the internet than the non-IA group. Around 7% of high school teachers are at-risk IA in this survey, though they have regular work. Our results suggest that at-risk IA may be reinforced not only by the active internet use such as gaming, but also by purposeless behaviors, such as net-surfing. Managing time on the internet may support preventing at-risk IA among senior high school teachers.

Internet Addiction and Gaming Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Young People in Southern Karnataka.

Advances in technology and increased accessibility to modern gadgets have opened up new options for giving alternate recreational activities. The country has seen rapid growth in the smartphone market over the past decade, and mobile phones are preferred by the vast majority of gamers over traditional personal computers and laptops. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related restrictions, online teaching, and the use of the internet for work have forced people to resort to the internet more than during the pre-pandemic period. There have not been many studies done to evaluate internet addiction (IA) and internet gaming disorder(IGD) among young people in India, and research is needed to quantify the magnitude of the problem and undertake timely public health actions. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 young people aged 10 to 24 years in Kolar district. Young people meeting the eligibility criteria from schools and colleges were randomly selected to include 67 participants per taluk. Standardized validated nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Formand 20-item Internet Addiction Test questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 (EpiData Association,Odense, Denmark) and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. COVID-19 control measures have caused more young people to access the internet in the recent past. Among young people studied, 58.5% and 6.5% have IA and IGD, respectively. Factors like living in urban areas, belonging to families above the poverty line, not living with parents, years of internet use, and increased access to internet/gadgets during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with IA and IGD. Since addiction to the internet and online gaming is known to have a negative impact on the mental health and well-being of young people, in light of IGD being listed in the International Classification of Diseases, there is an urgent need to target these conditions, especially for young people.

Associations between problematic internet use, life satisfaction, and deliberate self-harm among Chinese adolescents: A multi-centered longitudinal study

IntroductionProblematic Internet use (PIU), which is associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH), has become a common problem among adolescents. Life satisfaction (LS) may be able to mitigate the negative influences of PIU and DSH. But the longitudinal associations among them are yet to be well-researched. MethodsA longitudinal study with three-wave data collection involving 6092 adolescents was carried out in China. PIU, LS, and DSH were assessed using the Young Internet Addiction Test, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory Nine-Item Version, respectively. A cross-lagged model was used to analyze the longitudinal interactions between them. Generalized Estimating Equations were adopted to identify their influential factors. ResultsThe prevalence of single DSH behaviors from wave 1 to wave 3 was 5.04%, 5.00%, and 4.67%, and the repeated DHS from wave 1 to wave 3 was 2.9%, 3.2%, and 3.4%, respectively. Bidirectional longitudinal predictive associations were revealed between PIU and LS (p＜0.001), and LS and DSH (p＜0.001). DSH could longitudinally predict PIU (p＜0.001). Gender and age were associated with PIU, LS, and DSH (p＜0.001), and PIU was influenced by ethnicity (p＜0.001). ConclusionPIU and LS, LS and DSH were associated bidirectionally. Adolescents with more severe DSH behaviors were inclined to become addicted to the Internet, and adolescents with a history of DSH had a higher risk of recurring DSH. Parents, schools, and administrators need to improve the LS of adolescents, with a particular focus on older, female adolescents.

Internet addiction among students of selected schools of South Delhi

In the time of lockdown and home confinement, internet use is expected to rise. Recognizing this, we did this study to find the prevalence of internet addiction in school-going adolescents from South Delhi. Employing systematic random sampling, we selected 509 students, who had used/been using the internet in the last 30 days. Data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire assessing internet addiction utilized Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The study observed prevalence of 51.3%, which was significantly associated with students in high school, parents’ education, upper socioeconomic class, and access to an internet at home. Additionally, we observed that students primarily used the internet for nonessential purposes (movies, online shopping, social networking, online games, chatting, cyber- sex/pornography) rather than for academic purposes. The increasing trend of internet use, that too for entertainment, may be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and can lead to a significant problem.

Network analysis of suicidality and internet addiction symptoms among Chinese primary and secondary school students

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of both Internet addiction and suicide across various populations, especially among children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the inter-relationships between Internet addiction symptoms and suicidality among primary and secondary school students from the perspective of network analysis. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multicenter study. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to assess internet addiction symptoms. Participants were also asked about having any suicidal ideation and suicide plan. Univariate analyses and network analysis were subsequently conducted. ResultsAltogether, 5380 primary and secondary school students participated in the study. Among them, 3161 (58.8 %, 95 % CI = 57.4 %–60.1 %) students reported having Internet addiction symptoms and 798 (14.8 %, 95 % CI = 13.9 %–15.8 %) reported having suicidal ideation or suicide plan in the past two weeks. Network analysis revealed that IAT16 (‘Request an extension for longer time spent online’; node strength = 1.223) was the most central symptom in the Suicidality-Internet addiction network model, while the edge suicidality-IAT4 (‘Form new relationship with online users’; edge weight = 0.055) was the strongest edge linking both communities. ConclusionsInternet addiction symptoms were common among primary and secondary school students during the COVID-19 school closure period in China and were significantly associated with suicidality. Targeted strategies such as strengthening self-control, sense of belonging and connectedness may be important in reducing the risk of both suicidality and Internet addiction among primary and secondary school students.

Evaluation of the level of Internet Addiction and its effects on academic performance among Medical and Paramedical College Students in Iraq

Introduction: Nowadays a considerable population in the world uses the internet. Unfortunately, despite many interests and its specific advances in communication, the Internet is sentenced to have serious side effects. Objective: To detect the percentage of internet addiction and its effect on academic performance among Medical and Paramedical students in some Iraqi universities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 806 medical and paramedical students who were subjected to the online survey which includes demographic information associated with internet usage, and Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) was applied to survey the grade of internet addiction. Results: Results reveal a moderate level of addiction among students without significant variations between genders, high significant relationship (p&lt;0.01) between students concerning their housing area, and strong significant variations (p&lt;0.01) in the time of using the internet, besides strong significant differences (p&lt;0.01) between internet addiction and academic performance. Conclusion: Medical and paramedical students practice the internet for diverse activities including learning despite their moderate grade of addiction there are no significant differences between genders. They employ it over 5 h/day, which affects negative tasks on their academic performance.

Validation of the Turkish version of the questionnaire of Internet use motives (MUI)

The present study adapted the “questionnaire of Internet use motives” (MUI) into Turkish based on data collected from 638 adults. Results showed that the Turkish version of the MUI has a high internal consistency (α= .88) along with convergent and discriminant validity. The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the five-factor structure of the original MUI. Internet Addiction Test Short Form (IAT-SF) was used to test concurrent validity. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between the MUI and IAT-SF (r= .83), suggesting that individuals having higher levels of MUI may also tend to have higher levels of Internet addiction. The findings indicated that the adapted scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure motives for Internet use in the Turkish population.

A Comprehensive Analyses of Affective Health and Sex Differences in Adolescents as a Function of Peer Pressure and Internet Addiction

Introduction: Existing research literature has shown that the dynamics of depressive traits in adolescents are influenced heavily by various psycho-social factors such as peer pressure and addictive tendencies. Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate the interrelationship between internet addiction and peer pressure on adolescent depression. Methodology: The sample of adolescents ( N = 94) in the age range of 13–18 years was collected using a stratified random sampling design. Three major psychometric tools were administered to the sample, namely, Internet Addiction Test, Peer Pressure Inventory, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Correlation and inferential analyses were done on the acquired data. Findings: The sample reflected moderate tendencies to have peer pressure, internet addiction and depression. It also showed a significant positive correlation between internet addiction and depression, an insignificant positive relationship between peer pressure and depression along with a significant effect of sex on adolescent depression but insignificant sex differences on peer pressure and internet addiction. Limitations: The descriptive nature of the study reveals less about the causal relationships between the variables. Implications: The study encourages parents to redefine their roles and parenting styles while dealing with adolescents.

Internet addiction among college students during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study from South India

Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic has had and continues to have a profound medical, psychological, and social impact on people of all ages, causing a crisis effect on society. Adolescent's psychosocial status was badly influenced by pandemic control strategies like an extended absence from formal education and home seclusion, during which their Internet use increased significantly. Excessive usage of smartphones can cause serious health problems such as neck pain, accidents, sleep disruptions, and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 201 students aged between 16 and 25. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was distributed over numerous online portals. The sociodemographic questionnaire and the Internet addiction test were used for the study. Results: The mean age of students was found to be 21.2 ± 7.38 years. Most of the participants were female (130, 65%), undergraduates (118, 59%) and were using mobile network as a modem of connectivity (163, 81%). The salience (92.98) and neglect work (39.34) subscales of Internet addiction were higher among nuclear family students. Internet addiction is positively correlated to the family income (0.149**) of students. Conclusion: The outcomes of the study imply that during a lockdown, students can be given psychological support.

Kecanduan internet dan kecemasan komunikasi terhadap karakter kerja sama pada mahasiswa

This research aims at investigating the correlation of internet addiction and communication anxiety to cooperative character of students. Its subjects were 90 students. The research used the survey method with questionnaire with Likert model scale. Its data were collected through Internet Addiction Test (IAT) with the aspects: of attention centered on internet, longer time spent, less control, agitated feeling during offline, satisfaction-increasing internet, internet as compensation, compulsive behavior, withdrawal, social risk occurrence, and frequent lying. The anxiety scales included unwilling to communicate, avoiding participation, less self-control. The character scales included cooperating with others, raising positive hopes, appreciating inputs and feedbacks, giving encouragements, and cultivating spirits. The data were analyzed by using the multiple linear regression analysis aided with SPSS 19. There was correlation between the two independent variables and the dependent variable

Enhanced Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in internet gaming disorder

The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) effect is a phenomenon that Pavlovian conditioned cues that could influence one's instrumental behavior. In several substance and behavioral addictions, such as tobacco use disorder and gambling disorder, addiction-related cues could promote independently trained instrumental drug-seeking/drug-taking behaviors, indicating a specific PIT effect. However, it is unclear whether Internet gaming disorder (IGD) would show a similar change in PIT effects as other addictions. The study aimed to explore the specific PIT effects in IGD. We administrated a PIT task to individuals with IGD (n = 40) and matched health controls (HCs, n=50), and compared the magnitude of specific PIT effects between the two groups. The severity of the IGD symptoms was assessed by the Chinese version 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). We found that: (1) related to the HCs group, the IGD group showed enhanced specific PITgame effects, where gaming-related cues lead to an increased choice rate of gaming-related responses; (2) in the IGD group, the magnitude of specific PITgame effects were positively correlated with IAT scores (rho = 0.39, p = 0.014). Individualswith IGD showed enhanced specific PIT effects related to HCs, which were associated with the severity of addictive symptoms. Our results highlighted the incentive salience of gaming-related cues in IGD.

Association Between Family Atmosphere and Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Negative Emotions.

Objectives: Family atmosphere is a significant predictor of internet addiction in adolescents. Based on the vulnerability model of emotion and the compensatory internet use theory, this study examined whether self-esteem and negative emotions (anxiety, depression) mediated the relationship between family atmosphere and internet addiction in parallel and sequence. Methods: A total of 3,065 Chinese middle school and high school students (1,524 females, mean age = 13.63years, SD = 4.24) participated. They provided self-reported data on demographic variables, family atmosphere, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and internet addiction through the Scale of Systemic Family Dynamic, Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Internet Addiction Test, respectively. We employed Hayes PROCESS macro for the SPSS program to scrutinize the suggested mediation model. Results: It revealed that self-esteem, anxiety, and depression mediated the relationship between family atmosphere and internet addiction in parallel and sequence. The pathway of family atmosphere-self-esteem-internet addiction played a more important role than others. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the mediating role of self-esteem and negative emotions between family atmosphere and internet addiction, providing intervention studies with important targeting factors.

The Impact of Long-Term Online Learning on Internet Addiction Symptoms among Depressed Secondary School Students: Insights from a Cross-Panel Network Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to online learning have increased the risk of Internet addiction (IA) among adolescents, especially those who are depressed. This study aims to identify the core symptoms of IA among depressed adolescents using a cross-lagged panel network framework, offering a fresh perspective on understanding the interconnectedness of IA symptoms. Participants completed the Internet addiction test and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A total of 2415 students were initially included, and after matching, only 342 students (a cutoff score of 8) were retained for the final data analysis. A cross-lagged panel network analysis was conducted to examine the autoregressive and cross-lagged trajectories of IA symptoms over time. The incidence rate of depression rose remarkably from 14.16% (N = 342) to 17.64% (N = 426) after the four-month online learning. The symptom of "Anticipation" exhibited the highest out-expected influence within the IA network, followed by "Stay online longer" and "Job performance or productivity suffer". Regarding the symptom network of depression, "Job performance or productivity suffer" had the highest in-expected influence, followed by "Life boring and empty", "Snap or act annoyed if bothered", "Check email/SNS before doing things", and "School grades suffer". No significant differences were found in global network strength and network structure between waves 1 and 2. These findings prove the negative effects of online learning on secondary students' mental health and have important implications for developing more effective interventions and policies to mitigate IA levels among depressed adolescents undergoing online learning.

Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testinin Boyutluluğunun Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Mokken Ölçek Analizi Kullanılarak İncelenmesi

The Internet Addiction Test has been used extensively by researchers to collect data from university students, However, empirical studies on the psychometric properties of this test have revealed conflicting results on the factor structure. Although the structure of Internet addiction is generally accepted as unidimensional, these contradictory results require further evidence for the unidimensional nature of the construct. Considering the existing problems regarding the factor structure of the Internet Addiction construct, the aim of this study was set as evaluating the unidimensionality of the Short Internet Addiction Test for University Students by using Mokken Scaling Analysis. The Internet Addiction Test short form was administered to 636 university students studying in Turkey in the 2020-21 academic year via an online data collection platform. The ages of the participants ranged from 20 to 65. The results revealed that the items of the Internet Addiction Test Short Form were scalable and homogeneous enough to form a separate scale. On the other hand, the results showed that the Internet Addiction Test Short Form did not have the Invariant Item Ranking feature. In addition, using the backward selection method, a seven-item form of the Internet Addiction Test Short Form, which has Invariant Item Ordering feature, is proposed. These results showed that the structure of internet addiction can be accepted as one-dimensional for Turkish university students. It is recommended to examine whether the results obtained in future studies can be generalized to different universes.&#x0D; Keywords: Mokken scaling analysis, internet addiction, dimensionality, university students.

Internet addiction and depression among Chinese adolescents: anxiety as a mediator and social support as a moderator

ABSTRACT This study constructed a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating effect of anxiety and the moderating effect of social support between Internet addiction and depression. A sample of 17 058 middle school students in one district of Chengdu were selected. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD−7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ−9), and Social Support Scale for adolescents were used to investigate their Internet addiction, anxiety, depression and social support. The descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis were performed with SPSS 25.0. An SPSS macro process was used to analyze the data from complex models that contained mediators and moderators. The results show that adolescents with Internet addiction are more likely to suffer from depression. Anxiety partially mediated the relations between Internet addiction and depression. Social support moderated both direct and indirect pathways leading from Internet addiction to depression, and these two effects were stronger for adolescents with low social support than for those with high social support. It will be possible for researchers to gain a better understanding of the conditions, pathways, and effects of Internet addiction on depression in adolescents through the results of this study.

The effect of stress on internet addiction among university students: the mediating role of self-control

Earlier investigations have revealed that internet addiction among college-goers is a burgeoning issue, but there has been a dearth of inquiry into the correlation between stress, self-command, and internet addiction.In addition, some studies have neglected the tendency of females and minority college student towards Internet addiction. To bridge this research gap, the present study endeavored to examine the influence of stress on internet addiction in college students, as well as the moderating role of self-control in this connection. To attain our objective, we utilized the Stress Scale for College Students, the Self-Control Scale for College Students, and the Internet Addiction Test to conduct surveys among a sample of 316 college students. The outcomes of our study revealed that stress exhibited a positive association with internet addiction, while displaying a negative association with self-control.Additionally, our results indicated that self-control partially mediated the relationship between stress and significant internet addiction. In summary, our investigation revealed that stress can predict internet addiction both directly and indirectly, by influencing self-control.There are also shortcomings in our own study. Given the insufficient participation of minority college students, there is presently no pertinent research on the adverse association between stress and internet addiction in this population. Consequently, forthcoming research can investigate how diverse factors impact different kinds of internet addiction, in order to more effectively intervene and prevent various types of internet addiction among college students.