Internet Addiction Scale Research Articles

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL MINUTE DATA AND THE Р300 AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTERNET ADDICTION BEHAVIOR

Background. The nature of changes in cerebral biopotentials as a neurobiological foundation of individual time in persons with different levels of internet addiction behavior remains insufficiently studied. However, these biopotentials reflect decision making speed and the quality of significant stimulus detection by brain structures. The paper aims to establish the correlation between the P300 cognitive evoked potential and individual minute (IM) test in young people with different levels of Internet addiction (IA) risk. Materials and methods. Healthy young people aged 16-17 years (n = 51) participated in the study. The survey was conducted according to the Chen scale (CIAS – Chen Internet Addiction Scale) modified by V. Malygin. This modification implies the calculation of the CIAS total score and the subjective assessment of time intervals by the IM test. The amplitude and latency of the P 300 auditory evoked potential were determined using the Neuron-Spectrum - 4 /VMP electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia) in the frontal (F3, F4), temporal (F7, F8, T3, T4), central (C3, C4) and parietal (P3, P4) leads of the electroencephalogram. Results. No significant correlations were found between the IM time, P 300 data and the severity of IA signs in young people with a minimal risk of IA (less than 43 scores by CIAS). There was a decrease in the IM time and an increase in P300 amplitude (mainly in the frontal and anterior temporal areas) in persons with a risk of IA (43–65 scores by CIAS). In persons with a stable IA pattern (more than 65 scores by CIAS), the minimum P 300 amplitude in the F7, F8 brain areas was found against a relative increase in the IM time and the number of errors in decision making. Conclusion. An increased risk of Internet addiction behavior in young people is accompanied by phase changes in the ratios of P 300 amplitude (mainly in the anterior temporal areas), the quality of information processing and individual time perception.

Relationship between eating disorders and internet and smartphone addiction in college students.

This study was planned and conducted to determine the relation between eating behavior disorder and smartphones and the internet in college students. This research was performed on a total of 437 college students, including 116 males and 321 females. A questionnaire questioning the general characteristics (age, sex, department, socioeconomic status, skipping meal, number of main meals and snacks in a day, sleeping duration, doing physical activity, height, and body weight) of students was used. In addition, Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure eating behavior disorders, internet addiction, and smartphone addiction, respectively. Height and body weight were measured in accordance with the method. 12.6% of the students participating in the study were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher EAT-40 scores than male students. 13% of students had potential internet addiction. According to Pearson chi-square test, the prevalence of potential internet addiction (36.4%) in students with eating disorder was higher than those without eating disorder (9.7%) (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analyses displayed that Smartphone Addiction Test score associated positively with EAT-40 score (r = 0.277) and Internet Addiction Test score (r = 0.665) and students' body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.121). In addition to these, students' duration of staying on the internet correlated with their BMI (r = 0.137). Males had a higher rate of potential internet addiction than females (22.4% in males and 9.7% in females, respectively) (p < 0.05). The present results suggest that students' duration of using the internet affects smartphone addiction and internet addiction, both of which influence eating behavior disorder. In addition, both smartphone and internet addiction and eating behavior disorder correlated positively and significantly with overweight. Level V:cross-sectional descriptive study.

Interparental conflict, parent–adolescent attachment, and adolescent Internet addiction: The moderating role of adolescent self-control

We explored the extent to which adolescent self-control moderated the relationships among interparental conflict, parent–adolescent attachment, and adolescent Internet addiction. Participants comprised 459 junior high school students, who completed the Adolescents' Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Self-Control Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and the Internet Addiction Scale. Results show that adolescents' perceptions of interparental conflict was significantly and positively correlated with their Internet addiction. In addition, the relationship between perceived interparental conflict and Internet addiction was mediated by parent–adolescent attachment. Finally, self-control moderated the relationships among interparental conflict, parent–adolescent attachment, and Internet addiction. Policy implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Academic Procrastination and Social Anxiety as Predictive Variables Internet Addiction of Adolescents

This study is aimed to examine the relationship between Internet addiction and academic procrastination and social anxiety. The study group of this research is 599 high school students, 239 (39.9%) female, and 360 (60.1%) male. It is for the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the Academic Procrastination Scale, and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. The data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis techniques. According to the findings of the study, positive correlation between internet addiction and academic procrastination and social anxiety shows a significant relationship. In other findings of the study, it was found that academic procrastination and social anxiety predicted internet addiction. According to the findings, the most powerful predictor variable was academic procrastination. Expanding the number of samples in future researches, reaching students from the region and sociocultural level ensures that the findings can be generalized, and more reliable results are obtained.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA SELF CONTROL DENGAN INTERNET ADDICTION PADA REMAJA

The purpose of this study was to see how the relationship between self control and internetaddiction in adolescents. The lower the self control, the internet addiction will increase.Self control is the ability to control yourself, internet internet users who have high selfcontrol are able to regulate the use of the internet so that it does not sink into the internet,able to use the internet as needed, able to integrate online activities with other activities inhis life. Teenagers who cannot control themselves in using the internet will depend on theinternet which is commonly called internet addiction. Internet addiction can be interpretedas a syndrome characterized by individuals spending a very large amount of time using theinternet and cannot control their use while online. This study uses a quantitativecorrelational design method. The scale used is the self control scale and the internetaddiction scale that has been adapted. The results showed that there was a significantrelationship between Sig. (2-tailed) between self control and internet addiction is 0,000&lt;0.05. Furthermore, the relationship between self control and internet addiction is 0,000&lt;0.05. While the calculated value of r for the relationship of self control and internetaddiction is equal to - 0.770 &lt;r table 0.279, it is concluded that there is a relationshipbetween variables. Because r count or Pearson Corellations is negative, which means thehigher the self control, the lower the internet addiction, and vice versa the lower the selfcontrol, the higher the internet addiction.

إدمان الإنترنت وعلاقته بالتوافق الأسری لدی الجنسین

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الکشف عن العلاقة بين إدمان الإنترنت والتوافق الأسري لدى الجنسين، وکذلک الکشف عن الفروق بين الجنسين في إدمان الانترنت، والتوافق الأسري، تکونت عينة البحث من (200) طالبا وطالبة من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بنطاق محافظة الجيزة، تم تطبيق مقياس إدمان الإنترنت (إعداد: الباحث)، ومقياس التوافق الأسري (إعداد: نورة الزهراني، 2019). وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية عکسية ودالة احصائيا بين إدمان الإنترنت والتوافق الأسري فضلا عن وجود فروق بين متوسطات درجات طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية في إدمان الإنترنت لصالح الطلاب الذکور، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطات درجات الطلاب والطالبات في التوافق الأسري لصالح الطالبات الإناث، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطات رتب الصفوف الدراسية (أولى ثانوي، ثانية ثانوي، ثالثة ثانوي) في إدمان الإنترنت لصالح الصف الثاني الثانوي، يليه الصف الأول الثانوي ويأتي الصف الثالث الثانوي في المرتبة الثالثة والأخيرة. The current research aims to reveal the relationship between Internet addiction and family Adjustment between Genders, as well as the detection of gender differences in Internet addiction and family Adjustment, the research sample consisted of (200) male and female students from high school students in the Giza Governorate, The Internet addiction scale was applied (Prepared by: the researcher), and the family Adjustment scale (Prepared by: Noura Al-Zahrani, 2019). The results indicated a negative correlation and statistically significant relationship between internet addiction and family Adjustment as well as differences between the average scores of male and female high school students in Internet addiction in favor of male students, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the averages of male and female student scores in family Adjustment in favor of female students, and the presence of differences Statistically significant among the averages of grade levels (first secondary, second secondary, and third secondary) in Internet addiction in favor of the second secondary class, followed by the first secondary grade and the third secondary grade comes in the third and last rank.

Gender Differential for Smart Phone Addiction and its Predictors among Adolescents: Assessing relationship with Self Control via SEM Approach

Background: Almost a quarter of young people are so dependent on their smartphones that it has become an addiction. Mobile phone addiction is a sum effect of phubbing, internet addiction, or social media intrusion. Self-controlling behaviour is a necessity to avoid addiction. The study aims to find the gender differentials for the effect of predictors of mobile phone addiction and its effect on self-control via Smart phone addiction through SEM in two CBSE schools of Meerut, contributing a sample size of 400. Methods: Data Collection was done in part (1) Demographic information, Part (2) 5 structured scales: (i) The Phubbing Scale (ii) Adapted Mobile Phone Use Habits scale (iii) The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (iv) Internet Addiction Scale and (v) The Brief Self-Control Scale. Results: Male students are more phubbed (53%) than female students (25%), but the use of internet addiction is more in female students (48%) than male (33%). Self-control overall was 31%, more in males (35%) than female students (25%). Conclusion: Male students have a tendency to be more phubbed, and female students are more internet addicted. Self-controlling behaviour was less in females than their counterparts’ male students and so, were more addicted to Smart phone.

Relationship between Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Internet Addiction in College Students: A One-Year Prospective Study.

This prospective study evaluated the predictive effect of difficulty in emotion regulation on the occurrence and remission of Internet addiction (IA) and determined whether IA has a role in changing emotion regulation among college students during a follow-up period of 1 year. A total of 500 college students (262 women and 238 men) were recruited. In baseline and follow-up investigations, the levels of IA and difficulty in emotion regulation were evaluated using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), respectively. The results indicated that the subscale of impulse control difficulties on the DERS predicted the incidence of IA during the follow-up period of 1 year in male participants (t = −2.875, p = 0.005), whereas no subscale on the DERS predicted the remission of IA. IA did not predict the change in difficulties in emotion regulation. The subscale of impulse control difficulties on the DERS predicted the occurrence of IA in the college students and warrants early intervention.

Effects of Self-efficacy and Self-control on Internet Addiction in Middle School Students: A Social Cognitive Theory-Driven Focus on the Mediating Influence of Social Support.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate internet addiction among middle school students and to examine the mediating effects of social support in the relationships of self-efficacy and self-control with internet addiction.MethodsThe participants in the study were 119 middle school students in J city. The measurements included a self-efficacy scale, a self-control scale, a social support scale, and the Internet Addiction Scale for Youth. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple-regression using SPSS version 22.0. Mediation effects were analyzed by the Sobel test and Baron and Kenny's hierarchical analysis technique.ResultsSignificant correlations were found among self-efficacy, self-control, and internet addiction. Social support had partial mediating effects in the relationship between self-efficacy and internet addiction, as well as in the relationship between self-control and internet addition.ConclusionIn order to prevent internet addiction, the promotion of interactions among peers, which is a component of social support, is particularly important. It is also necessary to promote face-to-face activities that can strengthen relationships. The findings suggest that intensifying social support may help reduce the level of internet addiction in middle school students.

Hemşirelerde İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Zaman Yönetimi İlişkisinin Belirlenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelerde internet bağımlılığı ve zaman yönetimi ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve açıklayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde 15.04.2018-15.10.2018 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini hastanede servislerde çalışan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 250 hemşire oluşturdu. Veri toplama araçları; Bilgi Formu, İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (İBÖ) ve Zaman Yönetimi Ölçeği (ZYA)’dir. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 32,56±8,19, %72,8’i kadın, %55,0’ı evli, %57,1’i lisans mezunudur. Hemşirelerin %52,4’ünün zamanı kullanma durumunun orta düzeyde olduğu ve %44,0’ının 10 saatten az/haftada internette geçirdiği tespit edildi. İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve alt boyutları; yoksunluk, kontrol güçlüğü, işlevsellikte bozulma, sosyal izolasyon sırasıyla 26,51±9,38, 18,96±7,53, 12,51±5,84, 11,40±5,15 ve 69,66±24,43’tür. Zaman Yönetimi Anketi ve alt boyutları; zaman planlaması, zaman tutumları, zaman harcattırıcılar ve ZYA toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 49,25±10,97, 23,46±4,25, 13,20-3,28, 86,00±14,79 olarak bulundu. Hemşirelerin İBÖ ve alt boyutları ile ZYA ve alt boyutları arasındaki korelasyon orta, negatif ve anlamlı olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin İBÖ ile ZYA puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulundu. Örneklem sayılarının arttırılarak konuyla ilgili farklı gruplarda çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir. Determination of the Relationship between Internet Addiction and Time Management in Nurses Objectives: This study was conducted to research the relationship between internet addiction and time management in nurses. Methods: This descriptive study was performed at the Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between 15.04.2018 and 15.10.2018. The universe of the study consisted of 250 nurses working in hospital services and accepting to participate in the study. As a data collection tool; Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) and Time Management Scale (TMS) were used. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 32.56 ± 8.19, 72.8% of them were women, 55.0% were married, and 57.1% were undergraduate. It was found that 52.4% of nurses were using the time at medium level, 44.0% of them spent less than 10 hours/week on the internet. Internet Addiction Scale and its sub-dimensions; deprivation, difficulty in control, impairment in functionality, social isolation, respectively, 26.51±9.38, 18.96±7.53, 12.51±5.84, 11.40±5.15 and 69.66±24.43. Time Management Scale and its sub-dimensions; The mean averages of time planning, time attitudes, time wasters, and total time management scales were 49.25±10.97, 23.46±4.25, 13.20±3.28, 86.00±14.79, respectively, were found. The correlations between the TMS and its sub-dimensions of the nurses and the IAS and sub-dimensions were middle, negative and significant. Conclusion: A negative and middle relationship was found between the mean scores of nurses' IAS and TMS. It can be suggested to increase the number of samples and to carry out studies in different groups. Keywords: Internet addiction, Time, Time management, Nursing.

The correlation between family relationships and brain activity within the reward circuit in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder

Disrupted reward circuits and diminished behavioural control have been suggested as the pathophysiologies of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Family functioning is thought to play an important role in reward-related control. We hypothesized that adolescents with IGD show disrupted patterns of family relationships, which are associated with brain activity within the reward circuit. 42 adolescents with IGD without comorbidities and 41 healthy controls were assessed for family function and psychological states using the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (K-WISC), Korean version of DuPaul’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-ARS), Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the relationship domain of the Family Environmental Scale (FES-R). Brain activity was assessed via resting-state fMRI. Adolescents with IGD showed increased K-ARS, BAI, and YIAS scores, but decreased FES-R and FES-cohesion subscale scores; YIAS scores were negatively correlated with FES-R scores. Brain connectivity from the cingulate to the striatum was decreased, positively correlated with FES-R scores, and negatively correlated with IGD severity. Adolescents with IGD showed disrupted family relationships, which was associated with the severity of the disorder, and dis-connectivity within the reward circuit.

Posttraumatic stress symptoms, adversity belief, and internet addiction in adolescents who experienced a major earthquake

This study assessed the moderating role of adversity beliefs in the association between post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and internet addiction (IA) in adolescents over 9.5 years old in the period after the Wenchuan earthquake. We recruited a total of 776 middle-school students in the area hit by the earthquake. The students were asked to complete a negative life events scale, the DSM-5 PTSD checklist, the Chinese adversity beliefs scale, and the Chinese internet addiction scale. We found that PTSSs, including intrusive symptoms, negative alterations in mood and cognition symptoms (NAMC), and hyperarousal symptoms but not avoidance symptoms, had positive predictive effects on IA. Positive adversity beliefs had negative predictive effects on IA. A moderating effect analysis showed that positive adversity beliefs could buffer the influence of PTSSs’ negative alterations in mood and cognition symptoms on IA. However, positive adversity beliefs were not found to have a buffering role in the relationship between intrusive, avoidance, and hyperarousal PTSS symptoms and IA.

Development and validation study of Game Overuse Screening Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to develop a screening questionnaire to distinguish high-risk individuals associated with game overuse from casual internet users. Reliability, validity, and diagnostic ability were evaluated for the newly developed Game Overuse Screening Questionnaire (GOS-Q). Preliminary items were assessed by 50 addiction experts online and 30 questions were selected. A total of 158 subjects recruited from six community centers for internet addiction participated in this study. Finally, 150 people were used in the analysis after excluding eight non-respondents. GOS-Q, Young's internet addiction scale, and Korean scale for internet addiction were used to assess concurrent validity. Internal consistency and item-total correlations were favorable (α= 0.96, r= 0.47-0.82). Test-retest reliability was moderate in size (r= 0.74). GOS-Q showed superior concurrent validity, and the highest correlation with Y-Scale (r= 0.77). The construct validity was marginally supported by a six-factor model using exploratory factor analysis. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.945. The high-risk addiction group was effectively characterized by a cut-off point of 38.5, with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.88. Overall, the current study supports the use of GOS-Q as a reliable screening tool in a variety of settings.

English

Technological developments in the 21th century have enabled the emergence of tools that enable mass communication. This communication environment has brought about a continuing passion for technology in individuals and, with this passion, a communication pollution and addiction have begun to emerge. In this study, Internet addiction of high school last-grade students studying in Yeşilyurt district of Malatya city was analyzed and investigated according to gender and family monthly income.&nbsp; The population of the study consisted of 3442 last-grade students studying in 37 public high schools located in Yeşilyurt district of Malatya city in 2016 to 2017 academic year.&nbsp; The sample of the study was composed of 606 last-grade students from 17 high schools randomly selected from the schools in the population. The study model was the survey model.&nbsp; In the study, &ldquo;Internet Addiction Scale&rdquo; developed by G&uuml;n&uuml;&ccedil; (2009) was used to determine the Internet addiction levels of the students. This scale is composed of &ldquo;withdrawal&rdquo;, &ldquo;controlling difficulty&rdquo;, &ldquo;disorder in functionality&rdquo;, and &ldquo;social isolation&rdquo; subscales. In the analysis of the data, arithmetic mean (x̄) &nbsp;frequency (f), standard deviation (sd), k-mean set method, t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used. When these results were taken into consideration, it was observed that majority of the students in the sample were in the non-addicted group (43.3%). A significant difference was determined between gender and Internet addiction mean scores of the students. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between family monthly income and the internet addiction mean scores of the students. &nbsp; Key words: Internet, Internet addiction, addiction, technology, technology dependence.

Assessment of Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its Relation to Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Students of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai

Background: Internet is being used extensively throughout the world as it serves as multipurpose tool for education, research,information,entertainment, social networking etc. The excessive undisciplined use by individuals has led to the emergence of the concept of Internet addiction which may have negative effects on sleep quality. Sleep quality affects the academic performance and interpersonal relationship of students and predisposes them to mental illness. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Internet addiction and its relationship to sleep quality among medical students of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among undergraduate students of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital using 20-item Young’s Internet Addiction Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI). 300 subjects were studied by simple random sampling. Chi Square test was used to test the significance (P&lt;0.05). Results: Total prevalence of Internet addiction was calculated to be 24.7% with moderate and severe addiction being 22.3% and 2.4% respectively. From this study, it has been found that individuals with Internet addiction have 20.3% risk of poor sleep quality. P value is statistically significant. Conclusion: The significant relationship was found between internet addiction and poor sleep quality that could affect academic performance, so preventive measures should be taken to promote appropriate internet use among medical students.

Internet addiction among college students in a Chinese population: Prevalence, correlates, and its relationship with suicide attempts.

Internet addiction is common, but its relationship with suicide attempts is rarely reported among Chinese college students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of internet addiction among Chinese college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,098 college students in Hunan province, China. We collected the following data: demographic variables, suicidal behaviors, internet addiction (Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale), depression (Self-reporting Depression Scale), and anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale). The prevalence of internet addiction was 7.7% in these Chinese college students. Logistic regression analysis showed that good relationship with mother (1.730 [1.075, 2.784]), good relationship with father (0.615 [0.427, 0.885]), family history of mental disorders (2.291 [1.122, 4.676]), anxiety (1.987 [1.382, 2.857]), depression (2.016 [1.384, 2.937]), suicidal ideation (2.266 [1.844, 2.784]), and suicide attempts (1.672 [1.258, 2.224]) were independent correlates for internet addiction, the adjusted R square for this model is 13.7%. Furthermore, the prevalence of suicide attempts among internet addiction participants was 21.4%, and anxiety (3.397 [1.058, 10.901]), suicidal ideation (26.984 [11.538, 63.112]), and suicide plans (8.237 [3.888, 17.451]) were the independent predictors for suicide attempts, the adjusted R square for this model is 51.6%. Our results show that internet addiction is common among Chinese college students. In addition, suicide attempts are very common among internet addicts, suggesting that special measures and attention should be provided to these students according to risk factors to prevent their suicidal behavior.

The Effect of Solution-Focused Group Counseling Intervention on College Students’ Internet Addiction: A Pilot Study

This pilot study aimed to explore the effect of solution-focused group counseling intervention on Internet addiction among college students. Eighteen college students participated in this study, out of which nine subjects were assigned into the experimental group and the rest (n = 9) to a control group. The experimental group received group counseling for five weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The revised version of the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R) was used to capture pre-test and post-test excessive use in the two groups. The experimental group was also subjected to a follow-up test and self-reported Internet addiction scores six months after the end of group counseling. Results showed that after the five-week solution-focused group counseling, the scores of four dimensions of the CIAS-R in the experimental group had CIAS-R decreased, and the reduction trend of the total score of CIAS-R was similar across all subjects in this group. The treatment effect was larger than the placebo reduction in the control group in two dimensions: compulsive and withdrawal (Sym-C & Sym-W) and tolerance (Sym-T) symptoms. Qualitative research confirmed the conclusions from the quantitative data, showing that the experimental group reduced its Internet addiction symptoms. Overall, the findings suggested that solution-focused group counseling had positive intervention effects on Internet addiction.

Risky cyber behaviors in adolescents with depression: A case control study

This study aimed to compare adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy adolescents with regard to cyberbullying, cyber victimization, internet addiction, and digital game addiction. This cross-sectional study was performed in Selçuk University Hospital. The study sample consisted of 34 adolescents with MDD and 39 controls without any psychopathology. A socio-demographic data form, the Cyber bullying Scale (CBS), Cyber Victimization Scale (CVS), Cyber bullying Sensibility Scale (CBSS), Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Digital Game Dependence Scale (DGA-7), and Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale-Refurbished (RCADS) were administered to all participants. CBS, CVS, IAS and DGAS-7 scores of the MDD group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The significant differences persisted even after controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, socio-economic level, and parental educational levels with MANCOVA. A strong positive correlation existed between CBS and CVS scores, and higher IAS scores were associated with higher CBS scores in the MDD group. CBSS scores negatively correlated with DGAS-7 scores in the MDD group. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, conclusions about causality remain speculative. This study demonstrated the importance of assessing problems related to the online environment in the presence of depression in adolescents. Our results suggested that evaluating the use of technology with a view to the potential for cyber bullying and cyber victimization as well as internet addiction and addiction to digital games may be necessary as a holistic approach in the follow-up of adolescent depression.

The PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS: EMERGING BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS IN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ADDICTION

ABSTRACT:&#x0D; BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: Internet has swayed all aspects of human society and the exponential rise in global internet users indicates that internet &amp; Social Networking sites (SNS) have become an essential part of the daily lives of people with potentially addictive effects of its overuse. This may lead to social isolation, depression &amp; professional effects. This behavioral addictive pattern has also been observed in increasing trend among healthcare professionals worldwide. This study aims to assess prevalence of internet addiction and its behavioral patterns (BP) in Pakistani healthcare context, to determine the prevalence and intensity of Internet Addiction (IA) among Medical Doctors.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: A Quantitative; Cross-sectional Survey was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed/ Azad Kashmir Combined Military Hospital Rawalakot for 2 months.After calculating sample size with 95% Confidence Interval limit,100 medical and dental doctors were selected using convenience sampling. After IRB approval &amp; informed consent data was collected using prevalidated “Young's Internet Addiction Scale”&amp; “Behavioral Patterns scale”. The participants recorded their response on a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomous scale for each scale respectively. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics &amp; inferential statistics in SPSS 23. Addiction was classified into 4 categories. The significant association between IA groups and BP groups was computed by Fisher's exact test with P-value &lt;0.05 as significant. &#x0D; RESULTS: The Response rate was 87% with 54% males and 56% females. The prevalence of internet addiction was 79%(n=69). Out of them 36% (n=31) had mild, 41% (n=36) had moderate addiction while 2% (n=2) had severe addiction. Pattern of internet addiction symptomatology shows that prevalence of IA is higher in excessive use (87.35%) &amp; lack of control (77.01%) while least in anticipation (35.63%) category. Statistically significant difference was seen in behavioral patterns among addicted and nonaddicted medical and dental doctors.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Internet Addiction is a recognizable disorder from the spectrum of Problematic Internet Use. This study reports the prevalence of internet addiction among health care professionals and burden of multiple behavioral patterns in association with IA, which is an emerging mental health concern.

Predictive Relationships Between Social Anxiety, Internet Addiction and Alexithymia in Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to determine whether social anxiety predicts internet addiction and alexithymia in adolescents. The study group of the study consists of 406 adolescents (216 women, 190 men), with the following three age groups: 13&amp;ndash;14 (32.3%), 15&amp;ndash;16 (43.8%), and 17&amp;ndash;18 (23.9%). &amp;ldquo;Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (ESCO)&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Internet Addiction Scale&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Toronto Alexithymia Scale&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Personal Information Form&amp;rdquo; were used as data collection tools. Structural equation modeling was made in the analysis of the data. According to the findings, there was a positive linear relationship between social anxiety and internet addiction. When the predictive relationships between social anxiety and alexithymia were examined, it was determined that there was a positive linear relationship. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.