Internal Knowledge Research Articles

Automating Government Report Generation: A Generative AI Approach for Efficient Data Extraction, Analysis, and Visualization

This application paper introduces a transformative solution to address the labour-intensive manual report generation, data searching & report revision process in government entities. Traditional methods of data extraction, analysis, and graph creation for annual reports are not only time-consuming but also prone to human errors. To mitigate these challenges, we propose an innovative system leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), with a specific focus on large language models (LLMs). Our solution incorporates automated data extraction from diverse sources designated as internal knowledge base, text analysis, summarization using advanced language models, and the generation as well as revisions of informative graphs. Different LLMs like Google's Gemini Pro and OpenAI's GPT 4.0 has been used to read different data visualisation graphs and fetching the information from internal knowledge base, respectively, to update the graphs in automated manner. Solution implementation using Python language on the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by Department of Economic & Social Affairs, United Nation shows that the early result produces almost 0.87% to 17.46% average error rates in the task of factual data visualisation graph. Key benefit of this approach include improved time efficiency, consistency in report format, enhanced insights, and a user-friendly interface. A review and approval workflow facilitate user feedback, contributing to continuous model performance improvement.

Postdigital Literacies in Everyday Life and Pedagogic Practices

In this article, we contribute to literacy and education studies by proposing three overarching features (elements) of postdigital literacy events, informed by an ecological, relational, and sociomaterial framing of literacy. These features are: (1) entanglement, (2) digital materiality, and (3) spatiotemporality. Entanglement is about how learning entangles with our social, cultural, and material contexts through communicative acts, which include an understanding of media entanglements through interface seams(/seaminess) and transmediality. Digital materiality reminds us that digital media are also material, including notions of digital matter, instantiation, representation, and significance. The feature of spatiotemporality accounts for spatiotemporal flow and presence across online/offline environments, concerned with postdigital reconfigurations of time, space, and place. All three elements incorporate challenges around equity, power, and values. We also advance theory-in-practice by providing examples of how postdigital literacy features/elements manifest in pedagogy and everyday life, based on our experiences as academics working in diverse contexts. This work can support international research, teaching, and knowledge around how media practices interrelate through postdigital communication and literacy experiences, what that means, and with what effects, within a vision of education for mutually enriching planetary futures.

Natural radionuclide profiles and radiological risks in soils and rocks of the Koytash-Ugam Range, Uzbekistan.

This investigation quantifies the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in the soils and certain rocks of the Koytash-Ugam Range, Uzbekistan, and assesses their radiological risks. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of soil and rock samples revealed activity concentrations ranging from 456.2 ± 56.0 to 813.9 ± 76.0Bqkg-1 for 40K, 18.2 ± 6.3 to 70.0 ± 12.0Bqkg-1 for 226Ra, and 30.1 ± 2.9 to 57.9 ± 10Bqkg-1 for 232Th. This data indicates a heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides, informing radiation safety and health risk assessments on a global scale. The calculation of radiological hazard indices, including the alpha-index (ranging from 0.09 to 0.35), gamma-index (ranging from 0.40 to 0.73), and both internal (ranging from 0.40 to 0.54) and external (ranging from 0.36 to 0.54) hazard indices, was undertaken to ascertain potential health risks. The radium equivalent activity ranged from 108.4 to 199.3Bqkg-1, and the absorbed dose rates were 51.0-93.3 nGy h-1 indoors and 96.6-178.2 nGy h-1 outdoors. These metrics underlie the estimated annual effective dose of 536.5-988.5 × 10-3mSv y-1, highlighting the variability in radiation exposure. Additionally, the potential lifetime cancer risk was projected at 1770.4 to 3262.0 per million, with an annual gonadal dose equivalent of 361.9 to 655.5 μSv y-1, reflecting natural background radiation influence. The results underscore the importance of safe material use in construction and the necessity for routine natural radioactivity monitoring. Radon flux density (RFD) values within acceptable construction limits (26-176mBqm-2s-1) suggest the area's suitability for development, considering recommended safety guidelines. This study not only aids local environmental and public health frameworks but also enriches the international knowledge base, facilitating comparative studies for the advancement of global radiation protection standards. Through a detailed examination of radionuclide distribution in an under-researched area, our research highlights the critical need for integrated international approaches to natural radiological hazard assessment.

Does too much or too little task conflict hurt service performance? A multilevel curvilinear model

Purpose The quality of service determines whether service firms can satisfy customers and achieve business quality and sustainability. As contemporary service firms are dependent on both team and employee to serve customers, it is important to investigate how to simultaneously facilitate team service performance (TSP) and employee service performance (ESP). Our aim is to build a multilevel model of the curvilinear effect of task conflict (TC) on TSP and ESP, as well as the moderating effects underlying the above curvilinear relationships.Design/methodology/approach Two-sourced data were obtained from 47 team leaders and 326 employees in Chinese hotels. Multilevel structural equation modeling was utilized for validating the model.Findings The results revealed that TC exerted a curvilinear effect on both TSP and ESP. Ethical climate (EC) and internal knowledge transfer (IKT) served as moderators strengthening the curvilinear nexus between TC and ESP.Originality/value We contribute to the conflict-performance stream in management literature by unmasking the curvilinear effects of TC on both TSP and ESP, and the moderation mechanisms underlying such curvilinear effects.

On the role of the UMLS in supporting diagnosis generation proposed by Large Language Models

Objective:Traditional knowledge-based and machine learning diagnostic decision support systems have benefited from integrating the medical domain knowledge encoded in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) to supplant traditional systems poses questions of the quality and extent of the medical knowledge in the models’ internal knowledge representations and the need for external knowledge sources. The objective of this study is three-fold: to probe the diagnosis-related medical knowledge of popular LLMs, to examine the benefit of providing the UMLS knowledge to LLMs (grounding the diagnosis predictions), and to evaluate the correlations between human judgments and the UMLS-based metrics for generations by LLMs. Methods:We evaluated diagnoses generated by LLMs from consumer health questions and daily care notes in the electronic health records using the ConsumerQA and Problem Summarization datasets. Probing LLMs for the UMLS knowledge was performed by prompting the LLM to complete the diagnosis-related UMLS knowledge paths. Grounding the predictions was examined in an approach that integrated the UMLS graph paths and clinical notes in prompting the LLMs. The results were compared to prompting without the UMLS paths. The final experiments examined the alignment of different evaluation metrics, UMLS-based and non-UMLS, with human expert evaluation. Results:In probing the UMLS knowledge, GPT-3.5 significantly outperformed Llama2 and a simple baseline yielding an F1 score of 10.9% in completing one-hop UMLS paths for a given concept. Grounding diagnosis predictions with the UMLS paths improved the results for both models on both tasks, with the highest improvement (4%) in SapBERT score. There was a weak correlation between the widely used evaluation metrics (ROUGE and SapBERT) and human judgments. Conclusion:We found that while popular LLMs contain some medical knowledge in their internal representations, augmentation with the UMLS knowledge provides performance gains around diagnosis generation. The UMLS needs to be tailored for the task to improve the LLMs predictions. Finding evaluation metrics that are aligned with human judgments better than the traditional ROUGE and BERT-based scores remains an open research question.

Knowledge arbitrage: what are the risks, and do they matter?

Purpose It is largely acknowledged that arbitrating the flow of knowledge can help firms strategically leverage tacit and explicit internal knowledge. However, despite the apparent scholarly and managerial acceptance of the criticality of the flow of knowledge between various stakeholders, the academic understanding of knowledge arbitrage remains coarse-grained. There are practically no empirical insights available to unravel the consequences of firms’ knowledge arbitrage choices regarding rewards and risks. This study aims to identify the risks that emerge as firms channel the flow of knowledge from surplus to deficit areas within organizational boundaries. To this end, the authors investigate several subsumed subprocesses in knowledge arbitrage to map the associated risks. Design/methodology/approach This study used an exploratory qualitative approach to examine the risks that emerge as firms attempt to support knowledge flows within their organizational boundaries. The data were collected through open-ended essays via an online research platform from 45 full-time employees of firms operating in different sectors. The collected data were analyzed inductively through open, axial and selective coding. Findings The research findings identified three key subprocesses of knowledge arbitrage: knowledge diffusion, knowledge brokering and knowledge absorption. These subprocesses are susceptible to various risks arising the form of channels, champions, sharers and receivers of knowledge flows. In general, the study showed that a firm’s decision regarding knowledge flows, such as structured or random flows, or the presence or absence of designated coordinators to broker the flow carries specific risks for both sharers and receivers. In particular, while the risks of knowledge hiding, misinformation and disinformation manifest in all three subprocesses, low employee engagement, loss of knowledge and information overload also emerged as key risks in any two of the three subprocesses. Originality/value This study offers valuable insights by uncovering the hitherto unexplored risks in intrafirm knowledge arbitrage. Given that knowledge is a crucial organizational tool for driving performance, innovation and competitive advantage, understanding the risks associated with intrafirm arbitrated knowledge flows can help firms anticipate and mitigate the associated adverse consequences. The findings make a novel contribution by offering (a) a comprehensive categorization of the risks associated with knowledge arbitrage rooted in processes, people and structures and (b) a macro overview of knowledge arbitrage risks associated with the processes of knowledge diffusion, knowledge brokering and knowledge absorption.

Breaking down barriers: exploring the impact of social capital on knowledge sharing and transfer in the workplace

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed formidable challenges to economic mobility and corporate expansion. Among these challenges is its pronounced effect on knowledge innovation, a cornerstone upon which many organizations depend. To re-establish the flow of internal knowledge, organizations are compelled to refine their knowledge management strategies and amplify employees’ motivation and eagerness to share and transfer information. This study delves into the influence of knowledge management processes on employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors, viewed through the lens of the social exchange theory. It also probes the role of social capital in fostering and augmenting employees’ involvement in refining these processes. Data was gleaned from 30 information service firms in mainland China, resulting in 483 valid responses. Our findings highlight that both relational and structural forms of social capital positively influence the knowledge management processes, subsequently enhancing employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors.

A Comparative Study of Trauma Management Education Using Traditional and Combined Methods with Instructional Videos on the Knowledge and Skills of Medical Students

Background: Improving the knowledge and skills of medical students using new educational methods to deal with trauma can help reduce the mortality and morbidity of injured patients. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional training with combined trauma management training using educational videos on the knowledge and skills of medical interns at Mashhad University in 2021. Methods: This educational intervention study involved two groups during the academic year 2019 - 2020. Eighty-seven medical interns participated over a six-month period and were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, a clinical skills checklist covering seven skills, and a pretest-posttest MCQ test. Statistical tests used included the independent univariate test and multiple linear regression, analyzed with Stata Ver 17 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average knowledge score of the intervention and control groups before the intervention was 12.09 ± 3.06 and 13.00 ± 3.01, respectively. After the intervention, the average knowledge score was 14.84 ± 3.30 in the intervention group and 15 ± 2.98 in the control group. The average skill score of the students before the intervention in the intervention and control groups was 7.00 ± 2.67 and 7.56 ± 2.42, respectively. After the intervention, the skill score was 10.67 ± 3.70 in the intervention group and 8.72 ± 3.46 in the control group. Conclusions: Although the advanced trauma life support course in Iran is relatively new, its positive impact on increasing the skills of medical students suggests a need to review traditional teaching methods. Incorporating new combined methods could enhance the quality of education and improve the skill levels of young doctors.

Wind of change: how ChatGPT and big data can reshape the knowledge management paradigm?

PurposeThe new disruption in the form of ChatGPT can be a valuable tool for organizations to enhance their knowledge management and decision-making capabilities. This article explores how ChatGPT can enhance organizations' KM capability for improved decision-making and identifies potential risks and opportunities.Design/methodology/approachUsing existing literature and a small-scale case study, we develop a conceptual framework for implementing artificial intelligence on the internal organizational knowledge base of big data and its integration with a larger knowledge base of ChatGPT.FindingsThis viewpoint conceptualizes integrating knowledge management and ChatGPT for improved organizational decision-making. By facilitating efficient information retrieval, personalized learning, collaborative knowledge sharing, real-time decision support, and continuous improvement, ChatGPT can help organizations stay competitive and achieve business success.Research limitations/implicationsThis is one of the first studies on the integration of organizational knowledge management systems with ChatGPT. This research work proposes a conceptual model on integration of knowledge management with generative AI which can be further tested in actual work settings to check it's applicability and make further modifications.Practical implicationsThe study provided insights to managers and executives who, in collaboration with IT professionals, can devise a mechanism for integrating existing knowledge management systems in organizations with ChatGPT.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies exploring the linkage between ChatGPT and knowledge management for informed decision-making.

Awareness and Knowledge of Medical Interns in the Diagnosis and Management of Anaphylaxis in Medina Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE-mediated mechanisms. This life-threatening condition affects multiple body systems. Global lifetime prevalence estimates for anaphylaxis range from 0.3% to 5.1%, with increasing incidence noted, particularly among young individuals. Symptoms range from mild skin manifestations like urticaria and pruritus to severe respiratory distress and hypotension. Objectives This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of medical interns in the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, regarding the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis. Method A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals in Saudi Arabia by delivering a questionnaire designed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge (including signs, symptoms, and management of anaphylaxis) among medical interns in the Medina region. The data collected were coded and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (released 2013, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The study involved 291 interns from the universities in the Medina region. Most participants (275, 94.5%) correctly defined anaphylaxis and identified food allergies or insect stings as the main triggers (254, 87.3%). The participants demonstrated good knowledge of health education practices and anaphylaxis symptoms, such as the importance of carrying an adrenaline auto-injector (269, 92.4%) and recognizing syncope as a cardiovascular symptom (196, 67.4%). Regarding management, most correctly identified the initial step as removing the allergen (226, 77.7%) and epinephrine as the preferred medication (256, 88.0%). Significant gender differences were observed in the knowledge of management aspects (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.049, P = 0.004, P = 0.001). Conclusion The study found that most participants had a good understanding of the definition of anaphylaxis and its most common triggers. The participants also demonstrated knowledge of symptoms and signs associated with anaphylaxis and the appropriate management of anaphylaxis. However, there were some differences in knowledge between females and males, suggesting that further education and awareness campaigns may be needed to ensure an accurate and consistent understanding of anaphylaxis among both genders. Overall, the study highlights the importance of education and awareness in effectively managing anaphylaxis and preventing its complications.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Students, Interns and Practitioners Towards the Phase-Down of Dental Amalgam in A Dental Institution of Libya

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Students, Interns and Practitioners Towards the Phase-Down of Dental Amalgam in A Dental Institution of Libya

Joint ICOH-WOPS & APA-PFAW global roundtable perspectives: exploring national policy approaches for psychological health at work through the 'National Policy Index' lens.

Worker psychological health is a significant global imperative which requires national policy action and stakeholder engagement. While national policy is a critical lever for improving worker psychological health, some countries are more progressive than others in relation to policy development and/or implementation. At the Joint Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health, Scientific Committee on Work Organization and Psychosocial Factors and the Asia Pacific Academy for Psychosocial Factors Work in Tokyo (September 2023), a Global Roundtable was designed to initiate international dialogue and knowledge exchange regarding relevant national policy approaches. The Global Roundtable involved experts from diverse regions alongside an engaged audience of congress attendees and facilitators. Qualitative data were analysed against the five components of the National Policy Index tool, comprising policy priority, specific laws, nation-wide initiatives, sector-oriented initiatives, national survey and/or studies. Analysis revealed that while work-related psychological health is a policy priority across many countries, at the same time, there are global gaps in both legislation specificity and active regulation across different countries. For future policy development across countries, it will be beneficial to continue and deepen international discourse and for countries to share their approaches with others.

Endodontic Treatment During Pregnancy: Knowledge of General Dental Practitioners and Interns in Zliten, Libya

This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of dental interns and general dentists about providing endodontic treatment to pregnant patients in Zliten-Libya. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered, closed ended questionnaire which was circulated among 127 dental interns and general dentists in Zliten-Libya. The questionnaire included demographical items and questions relative to the participant's knowledge regarding the endodontic treatment during pregnancy. The analysis of data was carried out using SPSS 26. 84% of survey participants indicated the second trimester as the safest period for endodontic treatment. 95% of respondents considered the need for a specific chair position among which 58% identified the correct one. 72% and 65% of respondents indicated the safety of local anaesthetics with vasoconstrictors and use of aspiration technique, respectively. 22% of respondents identified the toxicity of bupivacaine. 64% of respondents considered the safety of either root canal irrigants or intra-canal medicaments. The obturation materials were considered safe by 74% of respondents. 49% of respondents indicated the safety of radiographic examination among which 67% preferred RVG technique. 58% of respondents preferred acetaminophen for pain control. Dental interns and general dentists in Zliten exhibited a sufficient knowledge regarding the safety of endodontic treatment during pregnancy and required to improve their knowledge particularly regarding the safety of some local anaesthetics and radiographic examination during endodontic treatment.

Addressing the climate emergency with educational approaches: a bibliometric analysis of climate change education scholarship

This study uses bibliometric techniques to explore the international knowledge base on climate change education (CCE), which considers education as crucial for addressing the climate emergency through fostering climate-literate citizens. Analyzing two decades of scientific literature on CCE, we identify evolving considerations, foci, trends, and recommendations, examining a total of 1,264 articles published between 2000 and 2022 in educational-related fields in Web of Science. Using bibliometric techniques, we assessed research trends, author co-citations and journal citations to reveal an evolving publication landscape, including shifts in locations of productive researchers, influential articles, and leading journals publishing CCE studies. Bibliometric techniques help to identify the intellectual knowledge structure and inter-journal referencing, encompassing Theoretical Basis of CCE, Psychology of CCE and Communication, Climate Change within Socioscientific Issues, Conceptions of Climate Change, and Epistemology in CCE. Based on the trends, association networks, limitations and gaps revealed by this analysis, we conclude with suggestions for future research.

When does international knowledge connectivity of global cities attract R&D investments? The role of concentrated ownership through organizational pipelines

We argue that the degree of concentrated ownership of international knowledge connections of a city in the hands of a small number of MNEs reduces the potential for knowledge spillovers and has a negative influence on the attractiveness of a city for new R&D investments. Ownership concentration in international knowledge connections reduces the positive influence of two complementary characteristics of international knowledge connectivity: the international connectedness (“depth”) and the geographical diversity (“breadth”) of the cities' international knowledge networks. Our analysis of the location decisions for 3235 new cross-border R&D investments made by 1599 firms distributed across 71 global cities (2003–2016) provides support for these hypotheses.

Knowledge based interventions for sustainable development cooperation: insights from knowledge systems mapping in Zambia

Knowledge is an essential determinant and component of the international development cooperation agenda and projects. Therefore, it is vital to understand and reflect on how knowledge in international development cooperation is created, what knowledge counts, and how it influences the planning, implementation, and outcomes of international development cooperation projects. In this paper, we critically examine the knowledge system of the development cooperation of the Czech Republic, an emerging donor country, by applying system theory and utilizing system properties as an analytical tool. To this end, we carried out a multi-phase qualitative research with actors from the Czech Republic and Zambia. Subsequently, we analysed the knowledge system properties and identified those often overlooked by development actors, such as taboos, mistrust, and development burden, revealing how knowledge flows can be obstructed by these characteristics. In addition, we compiled a set of suitable interventions to tackle the overlooked system properties and foster knowledge cross-fertilisation. These interventions include, among others, active engagement of traditional leaders, active work with narratives of success, and introducing action-reflection-reaction cycle into the development practice. Furthermore, the proposed interventions clearly emphasize the need for more collaborative and transdisciplinary processes. Finally, we discuss that it is essential to uncover deep layers of the international development cooperation knowledge system to shift and leverage it towards more inclusive and just outcomes.

Insights from the Active Use of Neuroscience Findings in Teaching and Learning.

The aim of this paper is to show how teachers apply teaching and learning strategies related to the principles of the nervous system's functions. In our view, understanding what constitutes good teaching is about identifying how it engages the underlying cognitive and neurosystemic processes within the human brain in relation to learning. Using a student self-assessment questionnaire, we have investigated several key processes involved in neurodidactics (excitation, perception, memory, and the use, transfer, and adaptation of information and/or actions). The sample consisted of 884 7-10th grade students. The results showed that students' excitation, understanding, and consolidation of educational material are directly related to the work of the teacher and the teaching strategies they apply to attract and stimulate the student's attention and to help the student to understand and remember information. The learning strategies used by the students reflect the learner's learning activity, i.e., the use and application of strategies that allow internal knowledge to emerge. The consolidation of the learning material and the learning strategies used by the students was statistically significantly higher among the female participants. There are significant differences between low- and high-achieving students in terms of the effectiveness of teaching strategies for consolidation and the learning strategies applied by learners. The paper provides practical recommendations for teachers.

Revolutionizing waste management: Harnessing citizen-driven innovators through open innovation to enhance the 5Rs of circular economy

This study investigates how citizens with characteristics aligned with the circular economy utilize internal and external knowledge networks to enhance their practices in the 5Rs—Repair, Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Rot—within emerging markets, specifically in Thailand. These 5R principles are essential for reducing waste and extending resource lifecycles, which are critical elements of sustainable environmental management. By integrating individual knowledge sources with external networks, this article identifies effective strategies for advancing awareness and engagement in waste management. The survey-based analysis reveals that Thai citizens predominantly rely on prior experience and peer advice to navigate waste management challenges. Importantly, researchers quantify the impact of such practices, showing that substantial experience with the 5Rs significantly correlates with improved waste management capabilities (β = 0.519, R² = 0.498, MSE = 0.446). This demonstrates that experience accounts for nearly half of the variance in waste management capability. However, the diversity of external knowledge sources alone, without deep technical competence and practical application, does not markedly enhance waste management outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for strategies that prioritize practical experience and skill development in waste management, suggesting that enhancing individual and collective experience with the 5Rs can significantly contribute to achieving sustainability goals. The results advocate for the scalability of the 5Rs across different community settings, offering a framework for other emerging markets striving to integrate circular economy principles into everyday practices.

The contribution of digitization to successful international expansion: lessons from Decathlon’s strategic movements

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain to what extent digitization is an opportunity to international development of the firm by drawing on the international expansion of the French Decathlon group. The retailer and manufacturer have adopted a number of interesting strategies, following “specific movements,” as the authors have noted. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using the Europress database. The authors compiled press articles about the development of the Decathlon company and discussed the various stages of the brand's growth to enhance understanding and propose refinements to the current knowledge of companies' internationalization. Findings The findings support the idea that digitization of the distribution and production chain reduces transaction costs and accelerates the conquest of market share. Digitization brings new experiential knowledge to companies and facilitates internationalization. Decathlon's success lies not in its resources or in the art of managing its internal capabilities, but rather in the ability to combine organizational resources with key external capabilities (development of technological partnerships). Originality/value The originality of this research lies in the logic of deepening the steps of companies’ internationalization integrating new technologies that shift current comprehension of this phenomenon. After the COVID-19 period, digitization is accelerated and represent threats and probably opportunities to break down barriers to companies’ abroad expansion.

Has the national ocean economic pilot project promoted blue economy development in China?

This paper estimates the impact of the national ocean economic pilot project on the blue economy (BE) development using panel data for 11 coastal regions in mainland China from 2005 to 2017. The study shows that the BE is composed of three levels: traditional advantageous industrial construction, emerging industrial development, and ecological protection, where they can merge an index system using the analytic hierarchy process-improved entropy weight method. Besides, this paper adopts heterogeneous timing difference-in-differences to find that the policy increased the BE in the pilot areas by an average of 0.025. This effect passed various robustness checks including the parallel trend hypothesis and placebo test. In addition, the policy can also mediate the BE by skill and capacity aggregation, optimization of transportation networks, and incentives for innovation, and their contributions were 21.5%,10.6%, and 10.6%. Moreover, this paper finds that the current BE work shows a preference for the economy over the ecosystem. For economic growth, pilots prefer traditional rather than emerging industries. In summary, this study recommends that multi-level governments should use a project-based management model for the BE, increase international cooperation and knowledge transfer to promote the integration of the knowledge economy and the BE and facilitate administrative reform to clarify the ecological responsibilities of marine management agencies.