International Work Research Articles

XIX Russian-Chinese Round Table “Some Results of the Project ‘Dialogue Partnership as a Factor of Stability and Integration’ (‘Bridge between West and East’)”

On November 23, 2022, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute fpr Demographic Research FCTAS RAS held the XIX Russian-Chinese Expert round table “Summarizing the experience of international work on the project ‘Dialogue Partnership as a Factor of Stability and Integration’ (‘Bridge between West and East’)” . Scientists from Kazakhstan also took part in the Forum.

A ‘Uniform’ for All States?

A ‘Uniform’ for All States?

Cross‐cultural experiences and self‐protective leadership: A multi‐country comparison of managerial perception

AbstractIn this study, we examine the effect of cross‐cultural experiences on perceptions of the effectiveness of self‐protective leadership (SPL). We use survey data from 15 non‐western countries collected in the second wave of the GLOBE leadership project to analyze the relationship between the global experiences of non‐western managers and the leadership schemas they hold. We examined three types of global experience – working in a multinational corporation, being trained in western management practices (WMP), and living abroad – and the leadership schema of self‐protective leadership (SPL). These results show that prior work experience in a multinational company and receiving training in WMP are associated with more negative perceptions of SPL, whereas having lived abroad has a more complex relationship with SPL. These results provide empirical evidence for the link between global experiences and cognitive schemas about leadership. Non‐western managers with international work experience and training hold SPL schemas that are significantly different from the SPL schemas of their peers with no such experience. Further, consistent with Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT) and recent research that links leadership effectiveness to expectations about behaviors associated with gender stereotypes, we find that SPL, a leadership style that encompasses behaviors that are traditionally associated with a male stereotype (conflict inducement, procedure orientation, status enhancement), is viewed more negatively by female managers compared to their male counterparts. Practical implications of our findings are provided.

Romanticizing decolonization and Asian epistemology: reflections on identity and space

Recent calls for the decolonization of the academy demand recognition for diverse canons of knowledge . Asia’s economic ascent also imparts rising confidence among Asian scholars and institutions to promote indigenous knowledge. While these global calls for emancipation are invigorating, decolonial scholarship is prone to sterile theorization, historical fixity, and an overt romanticization of the Global South. Drawing on my lived experiences as an Asian academic, I reflect on decolonization and Asian epistemology from five different spaces in my life: (1) Northern Europe, (2) Toronto, (3) Southeast Asia, (4) Kazakhstan and (5) the United Kingdom. I analyze these spaces by using the concepts of intellectual captivity and decolonization from Syed Hussein Alatas and Kuan-Hsing Chen. Specifically, the tendency for decolonization movements to descend into nationalism, nativism, and civilizationalism provides provocative insights on epistemic justice (Chen, 2010). I demonstrate how epistemology as practice can reveal a colonial mindset even among academics who engage in social justice discourse and international work. I also highlight examples of indigenous knowledge that reinforce inequality based on race, gender, sexual orientation and religion. As more individuals with hybrid identities (race, culture, and nationality) enter academe and pursue careers that require international mobility, it is imperative that decolonization moves beyond reductive categories of identity that reproduce stereotypes. I conclude with reflections on the role of comparative and international education research in decolonization movements.

Psychosocial assessment in brain injury: An international social work survey

ABSTRACT Objective To survey social workers in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI)/acquired brain injury (ABI) about their practice in conducting psychosocial assessments. Design: A cross-sectional quality assurance study. Design A cross-sectional quality assurance study. Participants Social workers from professional social work rehabilitation networks spanning Sweden, the United Kingdom, North America, and Asia Pacific regions. Measure Purpose-designed survey comprising closed and open items, organized into six sections and administered electronically. Results The 76 respondents were mainly female (65/76, 85.5%) from nine countries (majority from Australia, United States, Canada). Two-thirds of respondents were employed in outpatient/ community settings (51/76, 67.1%), with the balance working in inpatient/rehabilitation hospital settings. Over 80% of respondents conducted psychosocial assessments, with the assessments informed by a systemic focus, situating the individual within their broader family and societal networks. The top five issues identified in inpatient/rehabilitation settings were housing related needs, informed consent for treatment, caregiver support, financial issues and navigating the treatment system. In contrast, the leading issues identified in community settings related to emotional regulation, treatment resistance and compliance issues, depression, and self-esteem. Discussion Social workers assessed a broad range of psychosocial issues spanning individual, family, and environmental contextual factors. Findings will contribute to future development of a psychosocial assessment framework.

What makes an international institution work for labor activists? Shaping international law through strategic litigation

AbstractStudies on international legal mobilization often analyze the mobilization efforts of activists at a single international court. Yet we know little about how activists choose among multiple international institutions to advance social justice claims. Drawing on comparative case studies of Turkish and British trade union activists' legal mobilization efforts and case law analysis, I show that activists, guided by their lawyers, probe multiple avenues to identify the legal institution with the highest judicial authority and is most responsive to activists' claims. Once they identify their target institution, the iterative process between a responsive court and activists' strategic litigation can build a court's jurisprudence in a new issue area, even if the court provides limited de jure rights protections. Activists primarily use international litigation strategy to leverage structural reforms at the domestic level and to set new international norms through precedents.

From conception to reality: Implementing a global digital asset management system that improves workflows and protects children

This paper discusses the multi-year investment made by World Vision International (WVI) — the world’s largest child-focused non-governmental organisation — to transform its legacy content management system into a modern digital asset management (DAM) platform to help promote awareness and raise funds to enable WVI’s international relief, development and advocacy work. The system now houses 1 million photos, videos and stories, enabling WVI to share the experiences of the most vulnerable people from around the world with prospective donors, partners and the public, and has become an integral part of ongoing operations, playing a critical role during COVID-19 when travel was rendered impossible.

Nuclear Non-Threat in the Context of Russian Invasion of Ukraine

In the contemporary nuclear era, power relations between the Nuclear Weapon States and others become more troubled due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The use of strategic nuclear weapons is highly concerning, but the case’s reality would not allow this possibility. The power struggle dominant powers had experienced over the economic and military aspects combined with the Strategic Nuclear Weapons’ ability to mass murder. Even though international norms do not allow such usage, we can easily argue that any NWS willingly goes down that road in the face of interest. The war in Ukraine taught us that higher structures that possess nuclear weapons with better economies dominate other states that lack such a power. The way international relations work, there is not enough institute that guarantees the functioning of a liberal order.

Assault on salt Intake

Assault on salt Intake

National payment card system: Problems and prospects of international cooperation and work in foreign markets

Subject. This article examines the economic relations between the National Payment Card System and operators of foreign payment systems, their participants, users of payment services, as well as Russian and foreign regulators and organizations that ensure the functioning of the payment infrastructure. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the problems and prospects of international cooperation of the National Payment Card System and its work in foreign markets, and formulate basic recommendations for improving its international cooperation effectiveness. Methods. For the study, I used theoretical research methods. Results. The article finds that the National Payment Card System’s development has greatly contributed to consolidating the sovereignty of Russia in the financial sphere. The article highlights the priority areas of foreign expansion of the National Payment Card System and priority formats of cooperation with foreign partners. Conclusions. Western partners, refusing to fulfill their obligations and imposing sanctions bypassing the mechanisms and rules adopted at the UN level, demonstrate their unreliability in mutual economic relations. That is why, when developing international cooperation in foreign markets, the National Payment Card System should rely on its own strength and mutually beneficial partnership with friendly countries.

Pathways for advancing good work in food systems: Reflecting on the international Good Work for Good Food Forum

The crucial roles that workers, especially seasonal and migrant workers, play in our food systems have come under renewed attention in recent years. The coronavirus pandemic resulted in food work­ers being recognized as critical or essential workers in many countries. In 2021, this coincided with the UN International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (IYFV), highlighting the importance of horticul­tural crops to healthy lives globally. Yet, workers’ quality of life in this most labor-intensive form of food production is often disregarded, or in the case of the UN IYFV, misconstrued. The agriculture-migration nexus—on which food systems depend—remains recognized as a challenge, yet there is limited debate about how it could be ameliorated and a lack of articulation of desirable alternatives. While alternative food and peasant movements propose food system transformation and alternative labor futures based on agroecology, labor lawyers and other advocates propose regula­tion and formalization of workplace regimes to ensure fair working conditions. Most recently, a third pos­sibility has emerged from agri-tech innovators: a techno-centric future with far fewer agricultural work­ers. These three archetypes of agricultural labor futures (agroecological, formally regulated, and techno-centric) have the potential to leave food scholars and activists without a unified, coherent vision to advance. Addressing this gap, this paper reports and builds on insights harvested from the international Good Work for Good Food Forum, organized by the authors with the aim of shaping consensus on positive visions for work in food systems. About 40 scholar-activists across three continents discussed the current challenges facing food workers and crafted a collective vision for good food work. This vision is documented in the form of nine principles supported by a framework of seven enabling pathways. We conclude by em­pha­sizing the need for a people-centered incor­poration of technology and a re-valuation of food workers’ contributions to global food systems. We offer the vision as a collective platform for action to advocate for and organize with workers in food systems.

Indigenization–internationalization debate and Bangladesh strategies in international social work and women’s development

This article examines the position of Bangladesh in the field of international social work with women. It explores the country’s women’s development initiatives in the context of the global debate over indigenization, universalization and imperialism. To identify the strategic position, the article examines the literature on social work, the evolution of social work and the web contents of some development agencies in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that Bangladesh follows a process of reconciliation in the indigenization–internationalization dispute by employing both top-down (think globally, act locally) and bottom-up (act locally, proceed globally) approaches to international social work and women’s development.

A scoping and web-based review of current practices and lessons learnt in development and sustainability of global health emergency medicine fellowships

Background: Despite significant interest in advanced global health training among Canadian emergency medicine trainees, only one global health emergency medicine (GHEM) fellowship existed in Canada at the time of this review. We conducted a scoping and web-based review to summarize the components of, and lessons learnt through development and implementation of global health emergency medicine fellowship programs to date, to inform program development. Methods: We conducted a scoping and web-based review by systematically searching electronic databases from inception to 2021 for articles and websites (2022) describing global health emergency medicine training programs based in high income countries. Results: From 2957 articles and 62 websites identified, eight articles and 43 websites were included in the review. Fellowships are generally structured as follows: 1–2 years duration curriculum including clinical skills, and course and field work focused on education, research or administration, funded by fellows’ clinical hours. Details on trainees’ experiences, international work, and program outcomes were lacking. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for information on lessons learnt through development and implementation of GHEM fellowship programs, and experiences and outcomes of trainees to date, to inform program improvements to optimize the benefits of GHEM fellowship training. Registration: Open science framework; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UAH35 February 19th, 2018.

Diabetic retinopathy relates to the incidence of foot ulcers and amputations in type 2 diabetes.

We investigated whether Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is related to Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) development, adjusted for the stratification of the International Work Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidance. DR and IWGDF stratification was registered retrospectively in patients hospitalised from 2009 to 2017 for uncontrolled and/or complicated type 2 diabetes. New DFUs were registered until 2020. Survival analyses categorised the subjects for DR, and multivariate Cox regression adjusted for confounders. The 522 patients (57.9% male) were 62±9years old with a diabetes duration of 14±10years, HbA1c of 8.7±1.8%, 33.9% macroangiopathies and 44.8% diabetic kidney diseases. Their grades of DFU risk were 0 for 43.3%, 1 for 23.9%, 2 for 7.1%, and 3 for 25.6%. During the 52months follow-up (Inter Quartile Range: 32-71), 58 new DFUs and 18 lower-limb amputations occurred, mostly in patients with DR present in 140 (26.8%) patients. Adjusted for age, sex and conventional risk factors (duration and control of diabetes, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia), and other complications (macroangiopathy and diabetic kidney disease), DR was associated with a greater incidence of DFUs. Adjusted for the IWGDF classification, DR was related to new DFUs (HR: 2.51, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.48-4.26) and amputations (HR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.26-10.07). This relationship persisted in ascending IWGDF grades with incidences of DFUs from 2/1000 (grade 0, no DR) to 121/1000 patient-years (grade 3 and DR) and amputations from 0 (grade 0, no DR) to 38/1000 patient-years (grade 3 and DR). Diabetic retinopathy independently relates to the incidence of foot ulcers and amputations in patients hospitalised for type 2 diabetes.

The cultural influence on employees' preferences for reward allocation rules: A two‐wave survey study in 28 countries

AbstractMultinational organisations and government organisations experienced problems introducing a merit pay system in different countries. Designing the right reward system is challenging in an international work environment, because employees often have different expectations about reward allocations. Most prior research predicted that individualistic employees prefer equity as allocation rule for rewards, while collectivistic employees prefer equality as allocation rule. However, prior research could not confirm this prediction. To expand prior research, we integrate cultural value theory and allocation rule research to examine if employees' culture‐inspired personal values influence their preferred allocation rule. We conducted a two‐wave study with 3432 employees from 28 countries. The results show that employees' cultural value orientations are related to their preferred allocation rules. Further, supervisors are not only considered fair if they distribute outcomes based on employees' task performance but also based on equality or extra‐role performance.

Organisational Culture Research in Healthcare: A Big Data Bibliometric Study.

Across international healthcare, organisational culture and work environment have become central to all patient safety. However, there is a lack of comprehensive overview to assess and track the evolution of the literature on organisational culture in healthcare. This study aims to describe the current situation and global trends in organisational culture research in healthcare. The methodology is based on bibliometric mapping using scientific visualisation software (CiteSpace and VOSviewer). The big data were collected from the Web of Science core citation database. After applying the search criteria, we retrieved 1559 publications, which have steadily increased over the last two decades. In addition, 92 countries and regions have published studies on organisational culture in healthcare. The United States has made significant contributions to this field. In particular, organisational culture occupies an important position in the quality management of different types of care and caregiving. At the same time, organisational culture in healthcare may be inadequately researched in terms of theoretical underpinnings, which in turn leads to a lack of widespread dissemination of practice, and research on organisational culture in healthcare through evidence-based medicine may remain a significant focus and hot topic throughout the research field in the coming years.

The complexities of postcolonial international health: Karl Evang in India 1953.

In February and March 1953, a WHO Visiting Team of Medical Scientists worked in India, collaborating with local medical students and professionals. This article studies the complexities of early postcolonial international health work and the relations between the young WHO and the newly independent countries, from the position of the team's vice chairman, Norwegian doctor Karl Evang. While the WHO aimed to create dialogue and interaction, also learning from the host country, the article finds that an equal exchange of views between visitors and hosts was not achieved. The topic pertains to discussions on power and influence in international organisations and governance, development and health work, within a South Asian setting. Studying intellectual exchanges between Evang and his Indian interlocutors sheds light on India's role as both receptive and generative site of ideas and political practice, contributing to broader debates on the appropriation, refashioning and application of political ideas in independent India. Also, at a time of new directions in international health, and considering Evang's social medicine conviction, an additional question concerns the role of social medicine. The article underlines the existence of multiple, parallel tracks in international health work, and argues the need to portray international health as a complex mosaic, rather than a step-by-step development. The case has relevance as historians endeavour to make international and global history more diverse, as through Evang we capture parts of a broader international involvement of people and nation states in the WHO and its work in the early post-war period.

Practical Research and Exploration of Literary Literary Works Under Transmedia Narratives

This article outlines some basic concepts of literature under transmedia narratives as well as criteria for judging literature and suggestions and summaries for future development. It also proposes that the most ideal form of transmedia narrative is one in which each medium excels in its own way, each doing its own job”, combing through a review of domestic and international research. The concepts of transmedia narrative and transmedia communication, transmedia marketing, and adaptation are identified, and the definition of literary works is defined. Finally, by analysing the current status of transmedia narratives, it is pointed out that online works are currently the preferred resource for transmedia narrative attempts. A typical example of a domestic and international online work, Notes from a Tomb Raider, is selected for analysis, and the final section reflects on and offers suggestions for the transmedia narratives of domestic online literary works. The analysis and outlook for the development of online literature in transmedia narratives are provided.

MODERN APPROACHES RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES

The article discusses measures aimed at improving management processes in the provision of social and psychological services to people with mental health problems, as well as measures necessary to improve the social and psychological state and stabilize the mental condition of people with mental health problems. The emphasis is mainly on organizing this process, on issues of a comprehensive assessment of the needs and capabilities of this group of people and providing them with targeted measures and social services, adequate to their capabilities, aimed at developing their social activity. Attention is paid to the issues of psychological and social adaptation of older people, which is currently relevant for the entire society, and its solution is mainly the strategic task of gerontopsychology. The current state of the system of mental health and social protection services is presented from the point of view of the need to create alternative forms of services. Based on advanced international experience and work carried out in Armenia, the article pays attention to the importance and necessity of introducing and developing new forms and types of psychological and medical-social assistance to people with mental health problems. Data from studies both conducted by the author and those conducted on his initiative are presented. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made on the measures necessary to improve the social and psychological state of people with mental health problems.

ПРАКТИКИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСТОЧНИКОВОЙ БАЗЫ ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ИСТОРИИ РУССКО-КИТАЙСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ МЕЖДУ СУБЪЕКТАМИ ДВУХ СТРАН В СИБИРСКОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ

The article analyzes current trends in the study of Russian-Chinese relations at the level of individual disciplines in the preparation of specialists in international relations based on the emerging demands of the state and the scientific community. The experience of modern research practices in the framework of research work with students of the direction "International Relations" at the Siberian Federal University is presented and summarized in order to achieve effective scientific and educational results. An attempt was made to present and characterize the methods of working with information sources in the electronic environment: scientific databases, catalogs of foreign press, electronic document management of international organizations, as well as the possibilities of a pedagogical approach through the organization of international negotiation platforms of the format of the work of global organizations, international project work within the framework of the twinning institute cities of Russia and China.