Development Of International Trade Research Articles

Research on the impact of trade barriers on the binary marginal of enterprise exports: India's anti-dumping of China

ABSTRACT This paper derives a theoretical model of the impact of anti-dumping barriers on enterprise exports under the framework of heterogeneous firm trade theory and evaluates the trade-damaging effect of India's anti-dumping against China. The results show that the export volume and the number of export enterprises involved in anti-dumping cases show a downward trend after the anti-dumping is imposed. After controlling for heterogeneity, anti-dumping does not reduce the exports of incumbent enterprises. Anti-dumping mainly affects the exports of Chinese enterprises through the expansion margin, and has a small impact on the intensification margin. This research provides references for improving international trade development.

Article: The Contribution of the Canadian-European Partnership to the Integration of Sustainable Development Issues into the Multilateral Trading System

In their influential roles within the World Trade Organization (WTO), Canada and the European Union (EU) demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainable development and multilateralism, navigating challenges and opportunities. Plurilateral negotiations, particularly the Joint Statement Initiatives (JSI), underscore their dedication to addressing issues like services regulation and fostering inclusive trade. The institutional framework of their Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) provides a structured mechanism, with specialized committees like the one on Trade and Sustainable Development, to ensure transparency, regulatory cooperation, and trade promotion aligned with sustainable development goals. However, challenges persist in achieving consensus on binding commitments. The temptation of unilateralism, exemplified by the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), raises concerns about its compatibility with WTO principles and the potential prioritization of sustainability over economic development. Despite these challenges, Canada and the EU continue to champion sustainable development in various international forums, emphasizing the importance of the WTO as the primary platform for reconciling trade and sustainability. The forthcoming thirteenth WTO Ministerial Conference in 2024 presents a crucial opportunity for these leaders to demonstrate a significant commitment to a balanced approach between economic development and sustainability in international trade.

Article: Exploring Shortcomings in International Trade Law in Light of the Expansion of Artificial Intelligence

The objective of this paper is to explore the shortcomings in international trade law (ITL) in view of the expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and to propose some recommendations. AI is contributing to the development of international trade while giving rise to other concerns, such as nontariffs measures. Addressing the legal challenges posed by the integration of AI into various facets of society, including international trade, is of major importance. In this context, this paper explores a number of provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, those of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and ends with those of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Finally, the article proposes some recommendations to better take into account the concerns that AI may give rise to in the multilateral trading system. It highlights the need for close partnership between the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to better maximize the benefits of AI while minimizing the risks in the context of international trade. Also, it highlights the importance of harmonizing regulations on the trade of AI products and AI-driven trading and the need for a change in legal design that goes beyond mere incremental adjustments.

Research on International Trade Development Path of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Context of E-commerce Trade

With the rapid development of Internet technology and the advancement of globalization, e-commerce has become an important part of international trade activities. In this context, how to expand the international market and enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises with the help of e-commerce trading platform has become a hot issue in current research. This paper first summarizes the development of e-commerce trade and its impact on the international trade of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and then analyzes the current situation and main problems of the international trade of small and medium-sized enterprises. On this basis, it puts forward the development path and strategy of SMEs' international trade under the background of e-commerce trade, including establishing e-commerce trade platform, strengthening supply chain management, utilizing cross-border e-commerce, strengthening brand building, and innovating service mode. This paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for SMEs to carry out international trade under the background of e-commerce trade.

Examining trade strategies in Europe and Ukraine: Navigating challenges and building economic strength

Today, the global community operates within an integrated global economic system. Against the backdrop of globalised integration of the socio-economic sphere, international trade is positioned as a significant factor in the intensification of economic development. In this context, trade strategies can create new opportunities or risks for the national economy. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the trade strategies of the European Union (EU) and Ukraine in the context of potential advantages and related challenges for economic resilience. The study finds that international trade helps to mitigate the limitations of national resource potential and the narrowness of the domestic market, intensifies the potential for innovative industrialisation, and accelerates economic growth. The specifics of forming the modern concept of international trade development in the context of the European community and Ukraine are identified. The main principles of modern trade strategies are considered, their strengths and weaknesses are analysed, and directions for improvement are highlighted. The impact of trade strategies on the level of economic resilience is examined. It is substantiated that a high level of competition in the global market requires the adaptability of producers’ trade strategies and the formation of appropriate structures to coordinate the functioning of the external economic relations infrastructure complex. The main success factors of a trading strategy when entering new markets are highlighted, including preliminary research of local legislation requirements and market dynamics, the development of adaptive marketing strategies, and effective management of customs processes. Active participation in the international trade environment has proven to open additional opportunities for realising economic potential. At the same time, it is necessary to specify the development strategy to ensure long-term competitive advantages.

Physiological and biochemical responses in a cadmium accumulator of traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum sinense cv. Chuanxiong under cadmium condition

Ligusticum sinense cv. Chuanxiong (L. Chuanxiong), one of the widely used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), is currently facing the problem of excessive cadmium (Cd) content. This problem has significantly affected the quality and safety of L. Chuanxiong and become a vital factor restricting its clinical application and international trade development. Currently, to solve the problem of excessive Cd, it is essential to research the response mechanisms of L. Chuanxiong to Cd stress. However, there are few reports on its physiological and biochemical responses under Cd stress. In this study, we conducted the hydroponic experiment under 25 μM Cd stress, based on the Cd content of the genuine producing areas soil. The results showed that 25 μM Cd stress not only had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of L. Chuanxiong seedlings but also significantly increased the chlorophyll a content (11.79%) and root activity (51.82%) compared with that of the control, which might be a hormesis effect. Further results showed that the absorption and assimilation of NH4+ increased in seedlings under 25 μM Cd stress, which was associated with high photosynthetic pigments. Here, we initially hypothesized and confirmed that Cd exceedance in the root system of L. Chuanxiong was due to the thickening of the root cell wall, changes in the content of the cell wall components, and chelation of Cd by GSH. There was an increase in cell wall thickness (57.64 %) and a significant increase in cellulose (25.48%) content of roots under 25 μM Cd stress. In addition, L. Chuanxiong reduced oxidative stress caused by 25 μM Cd stress mainly through the GSH/GSSG cycle. Among them, GSH-Px (48.26%) and GR (42.64%) activities were significantly increased, thereby maintaining a high GSH/GSSG ratio. This study preliminarily reveals the response of L. Chuanxiong to Cd stress and the mechanism of Cd enrichment. It provides a theoretical basis for solving the problem of Cd excessive in L. Chuanxiong.Graphical Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of L. Chuanxiong seedlings under Cd stress.

The Ismail quarantine and its role in the Danube sanitary cordon (1813-1856)

In the present study, we aim to establish how the Ismail quarantine was established and functioned and how its role evolved within the sanitary cordon at the mouth of the Danube in the period 1813-1856. Our research is based on the critical study of new archival sources, from the Bessarabian Governor’s Chancellery Fund (National Archives of the Republic of Moldova), representing in particular various reports addressed by the quarantine bodies to the military governor of Bessarabia, as well as orders that the latter received from the governor general of Novorossia and Bessarabia regarding the activity of the Danube quarantines in Bessarabia. As a result of studying the archival documentary sources, we can conclude that in the evolution of the quarantine in Ismail during the reference period, two stages can be distinguished, separated by the year 1830. In the first stage, it led a precarious existence, without investments and being reserved a secondary role within the Danube sanitary corridor. In the second stage, it regains its role as a central quarantine, and the government invests massively to build a quarantine that would meet the demands of the development of international trade.

Features of the Development of International Trade in Tourist Services

Introduction. The relevance of studying the peculiarities of the development of international trade in tourist services is determined by the significant role of world tourism in the structure of the global economy. In the conditions of a complex international political situation, which is dynamically changing, it is crucial to identify the vectors of the development of the tourism industry to determine the future structure of the macro-regional distribution of tourist flows. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant factors and prospects for the development of international tourism business in the conditions of modern global economic and political instability to determine the most favourable marketing strategies for interaction in the international market of tourist services by extrapolating the results to the possibilities of post-war recovery of the tourism industry in Ukraine. Results. An analysis of international tourism arrivals showed that the average annual growth rate of the industry from 1995 to 2020 average annual growth of international tourist arrivals was more than 4 per cent. Over the estimated period from 1995 to 2023, the average arrival rate decreased to 2.46 per cent. Macro-regions are considered the most promising for the scaling of international tourism, as well as the factors that will contribute to this and can inhibit economic processes. Special attention is paid to the positioning of Ukraine during the post-war recovery of the tourism industry. Forecast indicators indicate that international tourist arrivals to Ukraine could reach 61 million people in the tenth year of the post-war period. An alternative strategy for promoting national tourist products and brands in the target markets of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East was proposed, and the feasibility of continuing the promotion of Ukraine as a tourist brand was substantiated. Conclusions. This study confirms the vector of the shift in global tourist flows under the influence of a number of factors that deepen the contradictions between the Global South and the North, revealing key trends in the growth and displacement of international tourist flows among countries belonging to two opposite camps. The directions of institutional and structural changes required to restore international tourism in Ukraine in the post-war period to strengthen Ukraine's position in the global tourism market are proposed.

Design of an international trade target supplier evaluation system based on CART algorithm

International trade, as an important component of economic exchange between countries, is of great significance for the economic development of each country and international cooperation. In international trade, the selection and evaluation of suppliers has always been a key issue. To ensure the smooth progress of trade and the controllability of quality, it is necessary to establish a target supplier evaluation system. This article used the CART (Classification and Regression Tree) algorithm to help identify and analyze the impact of key factors on supplier evaluation and classify and evaluate suppliers. The international trade target supplier evaluation system based on the CART algorithm was also constructed, and its performance was tested in the experimental section and compared with the international trade target supplier evaluation system based on traditional algorithms. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that both the traditional algorithm and the CART algorithm performed well in terms of application effectiveness and system user satisfaction. In terms of application effectiveness, the average score of traditional algorithms was 4.3, with a rating range of 3.8 to 4.9, while the average score of the CART algorithm was 4.6, with a rating range of 4.2 to 5.0. The satisfaction rating of system users on the CART algorithm was slightly higher than that of traditional algorithms, indicating that the CART algorithm has better application effectiveness and user satisfaction in the design of international trade target supplier evaluation systems. The design of an international trade target supplier evaluation system based on the CART algorithm can also help enterprises reduce trade risks and improve the stability and reliability of the supply chain. It has important practical significance and application value for further promoting the development of international trade.

Characterization and functions of temperature stress-associated microRNAs in invasive insect Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean cryptic species

With the development of international trade and frequent personnel exchanges, biological invasion is showing a rapidly growing trend worldwide. Insects are ectothermic animals, so their geographical distribution is due largely to their high and low temperature tolerances. To study the temperature response mechanisms of Bemisia tabaci MED cryptic species, miRNA-seq technology was used to unravel the miRNA library of B. tabaci MED in three field populations (TP, HB, and HK) from cities with different environmental temperatures. We identified 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in response to temperature stress, and Bta-miR-998 and Bta-miR-129 were shown to be associated with temperature tolerance. In addition, we predicted and verified the target genes associated with the temperature tolerance imparted by Bta-miR-998 and Bta-miR-129. The results showed that the down-regulated target gene of Bta-miR-129, BtMGAT3, significantly reduced the heat tolerance and another down-regulated target gene, BtRGS7, affected the cold tolerance of B. tabaci MED. These results indicate that gene expression regulated by miRNAs is an important temperature response mechanism in B. tabaci MED. This study reveals the important regulatory role of miRNA in insect temperature adaptation and provides a new avenue for studying the regulation of insect gene expression by miRNA.

On the Promotion of E-commerce on International Trade- Analysis Based on the Background of Digitalization

With the continuous development of Internet technology, the global economy is getting closer and closer, and e-commerce emerges. As a new way of economic and trade, e-commerce provides an unlimited market platform for international economic and trade, bringing unprecedented opportunities for international trade participants. However, the development of e-commerce is also accompanied by various problems. This article takes the impact of e-commerce on international economic and trade as the starting point, analyzes the positive impact of e-commerce in international trade, explores the challenges brought by it, and give play to the role of Silk Road e-commerce in the background of China's "Belt and Road". Promote the healthy development of international economic and trade.

International Trade in the Digital Economy: How is Technological innovation Transforming Global Markets

With the rapid development of the digital economy, technological innovation is profoundly changing the face of international trade. This article explores various aspects of how technology is reshaping global markets in the context of the digital economy. First, we define the digital economy and its evolution, emphasizing its importance to international trade. It then analyzes the rise of e-commerce, the application of blockchain technology in supply chain management, and how automation and artificial intelligence are changing logistics, revealing how these innovations are improving the efficiency and convenience of trade processes. It then discusses the impact of technological innovation on market structure, including the rise of emerging markets and opportunities for smes in international trade. Consumer behaviour is also changing, with the popularity of online shopping and the impact of social media on consumer decisions further driving changes in the market. Finally, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to address the challenges brought by technological innovation, emphasizing that countries should actively adjust their strategies to cope with this rapidly changing environment and achieve sustainable development. Through in-depth analysis, this paper aims to provide valuable insights and suggestions for the academic community and related fields to promote the healthy development of international trade.

The Innovative Model of Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Promoting International Fair Trade: Design and Analysis of the IFTBOM Blockchain Framework Model

In this Research, researchers proposed a new framework model for applying blockchain technology, aiming to solve multiple challenges in international fair trade. Through a detailed analysis of the existing trade imbalance and market access restrictions, the paper expounds how blockchain technology can improve the transparency and fairness of trade through its core functions.Globalization and technological progress have promoted the rapid development of international trade, but also brought many challenges. The fair-trade movement tried to provide more fair-trading conditions for small-scale producers in developing countries, but the market acceptance was not high, and consumers' cognition was limited. The purpose of this study is to explore how blockchain technology can promote fair trade practices, especially through real-time monitoring and verification of the fairness of trade activities, and how to deal with uncertainties and data changes in fair trade. The design and implementation of IFTBOM model is expected to significantly improve the global fair-trade environment, especially for small-scale producers in developing countries, and help significantly improve their economic and social conditions. By implementing these policies and practices, we can expect to achieve a fairer and more transparent trade environment in the global context.

The Role of Logistics and Infrastructure in Promoting International Trade

This study aims to explore the role of logistics and infrastructure in promoting international trade. Through systematic analysis of relevant theories and practical impacts, the research finds that logistics and infrastructure play key roles in reducing transaction costs, enhancing trade speed and reliability, and promoting market connectivity and integration. Specifically, an efficient logistics system can optimize transportation, warehousing, distribution, and inventory management, thereby improving the overall efficiency of international trade. Meanwhile, modern transportation, information and communication, and energy infrastructure provide robust support for international trade, facilitating efficient global supply chain operations and economic growth. However, the logistics and infrastructure sectors also face challenges such as infrastructure aging, cross-border logistics barriers, environmental issues, and sustainability concerns. In the future, smart logistics, green logistics, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation will become important development trends. Based on these findings, this paper proposes that governments should formulate supportive policies and improve infrastructure investment mechanisms, while enterprises should enhance logistics optimization and technological innovation. By conducting an in-depth study of the role of logistics and infrastructure in international trade, this research aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for policymakers and enterprises, promoting sustainable development in international trade.

Health welfare in the digital era: Exploring the impact of digital trade on residents' health

As a product combining information and communication technology, digital technology, and traditional trade, digital trade represents a new form of international trade development in the context of economic globalization. As its scale continues to expand, digital trade not only profoundly impacts consumer health behaviors and environmental pollution control but also enhances opportunities for residents to access healthcare products and services. This could potentially have a significant promoting effect on residents' health levels. However, the extent and mechanisms through which digital trade affects residents' health remain unclear. Accordingly, this study fills in a gap in the research by calculating the provincial-level digital trade index for China from 2012–2020 and matching it with data from the China Family Panel Studies. The goal is to find the micro-causal mechanisms of digital trade on residents' health from green consumption and environmental improvement perspectives. The results show that digital trade reduces residents' medical expenses and improves their health. We use a quasi-natural experiment by treating the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone as a digital trade treatment group and conducting a difference-in-differences estimation, finding that the health effects of digital trade remain significant. Heterogeneity indicates that the health effects of digital trade are powerful for middle- and high-income households and rural residents. In the east and center, in regions with well-developed transportation infrastructure and digital financial inclusion, the development of digital trade is more conducive to residents' health. Additionally, we demonstrate that digital trade can affect residents' health by promoting green consumption, eliminating energy poverty (i.e., improving indoor air pollution), and enhancing environmental quality (i.e., improving outdoor environmental pollution). This study provides solid scientific empirical evidence for enhancing human sustainable development through global digital trade.

Research on international trade logistics prediction based on back propagation neural network

The development of international trade depends to a large extent on the progress of international logistics. However, international logistics cannot exist independently of international trade. Without goods provided by international trade, international logistics loses its foundation. Therefore, in order to accurately assess the demand for international logistics, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of the development of international trade and to predict its future trends accordingly. In this work, we utilize backpropagation neural networks to predict trends and needs in international trade logistics. Specifically, we build a multi-layer perceptron model, which selects a variety of input variables such as goods circulation, economic indicators, trade policies, and seasonal factors. By training this model, it is possible to effectively learn and capture the complex relationships that affect international trade logistics from historical data. In the experimental analysis, the model has been repeatedly trained and adjusted, and finally demonstrated high accuracy and reliability.

Projecting and Transforming the Net Structure of Delivery Chains in Conditions of Latest Geo-Political Changes

Logistics in Russia has been actively developing lately. One of key trends in this process implies building a net structure by logistic companies as a foundation for efficient and competitive delivery chains. The article studied development of a net structure of delivery chains and specific features of new reality of net functioning, where their transformation shall take place. It was found out that strategic goals, which are targeted at by logistic company plans are based on rational net configuration. Availability of rationally projected logistic chains both inside the country and abroad became unquestionable competitive advantage that allowed companies to move goods to the final consumer. Globalization of economy in certain countries and the development of international trade in the last decade provided logistic companies with wide opportunities for profitable territorial location of delivery chain links. However, the desired success of logistic companies in attaining goals of functioning faced today’s transport and logistics reality caused by pressure of numerous factors connected with sanctions against Russia, which led to the necessity to transform net configuration. In view of this the authors discussed in more detail the mechanism of some factors, which can result in distortion of product flows and arising of new ones, including in international delivery chains.

The Feasibility of Coordinating International Monetary Policy Strategies in the Context of Asymmetric Demand Shocks

In the context of the increasing interdependence of countries due to the development of international trade, a relevant question arises as to whether it is necessary to conduct independent monetary policies for each country or whether it is advisable to coordinate these policies. This question becomes a key in the debate on optimal monetary policy strategies in open economies. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of asymmetric aggregate demand shocks on the appropriateness of monetary policy coordination in a simple stochastic model of two interacting countries. The analysis of equilibrium states of the monetary authorities’ interaction strategies under study was carried out analytically by minimizing the loss function and solving one-period static optimization problems. The equilibrium states of macroeconomics of interacting countries under coordination of monetary policy and in cases of lack of coordination (Nash and Stackelberg equilibrium) in the presence of asymmetric, serially uncorrelated demand shocks have been analyzed. It is proven that the response of inflation to asymmetric demand shocks is smaller in the case of coordinated policy than in the case of non-cooperative policy. The loss function analysis shows that the compensation of demand shocks is found to be more costly in Nash equilibrium than in the case of monetary authority coordination policy. The analysis of the monetary authorities’ interaction strategies showed that the real exchange rate plays an important role in balancing supply and demand in the two economies.

РОЗВИТОК МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТОРГІВЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН В КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

Introduction. Integration into the global economy and active participation in international trade contribute to economic development, job creation, and improved living standards. The application of international management in this context helps companies to effectively manage their international operations, adapt to different cultural and regulatory environments, and ensure sustainable development in the global economy. The purpose of the article. International trade is an important element of the global economic system that affects the development and welfare of countries. The main purpose of this article is to study the essence of international trade and its role in the system of international management. Formulation of the goal allowed us to identify a number of tasks to clarify the essence of international trade and the main factors of its development, to analyze the trends in Ukraine's trade with the European Union and the rest of the world. Metods. The study of international trade development in the context of international management requires the use of empirical research methods and analysis of statistical data that allow for a comprehensive analysis of market dynamics, the commodity structure of international trade, and the impact of global processes. Results. The article proves that international trade is a central link in the complex system of the global economy and plays a key role in the interaction between countries and regions of the world, influencing their economies, politics and society. It is also determined that international trade provides countries with access to a variety of goods and services that they do not produce or cannot produce on their own. The paper substantiates the importance of import and export growth in developed countries and identifies the interrelationships between different regions of the world. An important aspect of Ukraine's international trade based on Ukraine's relations with the European Union is also highlighted. The steps that Ukraine is taking to maintain such relations are also outlined. Based on the analysis, it is proved that Ukraine's exports are growing, especially in the context of trade with the EU, but there are certain dynamics and peculiarities in interaction with other regions of the world. Conclusiоns. The development of Ukraine's export potential and integration into the global economy are possible only if the structure of international trade is radically improved. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to use various forms of international economic cooperation.

Exploring the Development Trends of the International Consumer Market Based on Economic Globalization

It is well-known that international trade is crucial for a country's economic status on the global stage, prompting nations to focus on the development of their trade sectors. Various measures are employed to compete for shares in the international market. For example, some economies, in pursuit of national interests, resort to trade barriers, which impacts the liberalization of trade. Currently, the global economic development trend is unclear, and the international trade environment is becoming increasingly complex with the emergence of new technologies and demands, leading to new trends in international trade. In this context, international trade enterprises must actively engage in this trend, grasp the new development trends, and bravely face challenges. This paper mainly discusses the basic concepts of economic globalization and international trade, analyzes the development trends of international trade under economic globalization, and proposes the current status and strategies for international trade development under the backdrop of economic globalization.