International Safety Standards Research Articles

A generalised model for PWR for use on safety and reliability studies

In order to carry out a priori studies in the related fields of safety and reliability, it is necessary to have a model on which the proposed site risks can be evaluated and plant and equipment reliability specified. Such a model must have a reasonable probability of ultimate attainment and demonstration. It is obviously necessary that any model proposed shall be capable of meeting all National and International safety standards, legislation and recommendations to which the UK is committed. These would include ICRP, EEC, HSE, NII, MRC and NRPB pronouncements as well as areas covered by specific legislation or regulation.

The control of nuclear energy New aims for the reform of international institutions

The author examines possible institutional reforms which will effectively block ‘peaceful’ routes to nuclear proliferation while at the same time ensuring equity in access to adequate energy supplies. Necessary reforms would include: jointly guaranteed supplies of low-enriched uranium for thermal reactors; a new international safeguards system; international nuclear security and safety standards; international agreement on nuclear waste disposal measures; international institutional initiative to promote alternative energy sources; functional reform of the IAEA; and reorganized regulatory review processes at national levels.

Cargo Pumping in Modern Tankers and Bulk Carriers

Cargo pumping in mammoth tankers and bulk carriers demands attention in regard to needed international unity pump safety and test standards. The suggested cargo system model tests are a negligible added investment to reduce the risk of cargo system problems. Pump design features, requirements imposed by the system, choice of pumps and drivers, and automation aspects are described to review their influence on the application of modern pumping systems. The use of the Vac-Strip3 system to utilize the main cargo units as high-capacity stripping pumps, the advantage of being able to eliminate conventional stripping systems with their fittings and fixtures, and a new method of clean ballast pumping are discussed in this paper.

International Standards for Safety in Hazardous Areas---Are They Possible?

Worldwide, there is increased pressure for unifying the national standards of the various countries. Such unification is receiving every consideration through the ISO and IEC organizations. This paper deals with the history and current activities of the IEC, particularly in the work being done for the construction of equipment for use in hazardous areas.