International Research Research Articles

Co-teaching practices in Italian primary classrooms: a case for including the sociocultural framework in training teaching collaborations

ABSTRACT Internationally, co-teaching is valuable for educating mainstream classes including children with disabilities. This educational provision typically involves a special education teacher (SET) and a classroom teacher. These ‘co-teachers’ are generally expected to collaborate in whole-class instruction. However, international research often illustrates that SETs independently support the classwork of disabled children while teachers handle whole-class education. This limited instructional collaboration is primarily attributed to insufficient time for co-teachers to jointly plan more elaborate, team-based instruction. To gain a nuanced understanding of co-teaching, this research was conducted in the relatively unexamined context of Italian primary schools, where SETs and teachers have considerable opportunities for collaborative lesson planning. The study drew on classroom observations of one SET-teacher pair and interviews with 31 additional SETs. The findings nonetheless echoed those elsewhere: the ‘Italian’ primary-school SETs instructed children with disabilities, and rarely collaborated with teachers for whole-class education. The interviewed SETs explained these results through their own and teachers’ limited knowledge of more complex co-teaching practices and the project management skills for co-planning these. The findings are interpreted according to a nuanced sociocultural framework linking co-teaching strategies and children’s learning. The findings suggest that this sociocultural framework could guide the training of SETs and teachers.

Priority musculoskeletal health research questions for people with generalized joint hypermobility: an international Delphi study.

This study aimed to identify the top 10 international research priorities for musculoskeletal health of people with generalized joint hypermobility. A 3-round Delphi method utilizing an online survey was implemented. Three participant stakeholder groups were eligible for inclusion: (1) people with lived experience of joint hypermobility or their carers, (2) healthcare professionals, and (3) researchers with experience working with individuals with hypermobility. Participants provided up to 3 priority research questions in Round 1. In Round 2, participants prioritized 10 research questions from the unique questions proposed in Round 1. In Round 3, participants were presented with the top 10 questions from the overall cohort and for their stakeholder group/s, and asked to rank these in order of importance. Round 1 commenced with 396 participants who provided 958 individual questions, which reduced to 210 unique questions following data cleaning. There were 257 (65% of 396) participants in Round 2, and 249 (63% of 396, lived experience n=230, healthcare professionals=67, researchers=21) in Round 3. The overall top-ranked question was "How can we prevent disability, pain, and poor quality of life associated with the musculoskeletal co-morbidities of symptomatic generalized joint hypermobility?". Specific stakeholder group priority research questions varied. People with lived experience prioritized treatment questions, while healthcare professionals and researchers prioritized service-impact and utilization research questions. Priority research questions relating to musculoskeletal health of people with generalized joint hypermobility have been internationally identified. These questions provide a future focus for meaningful and necessary research in this field.

Guidelines on Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System (Version 2023)

Abstract The artificial liver blood purification system (ALBPS), referred to as the artificial liver system, has been extensively used for treatment of patients with liver failure or other organ failures, and its efficacy has been well-documented. To further standardize the clinical application of ALBPS, the Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association and other institutions invited experts to update the 2016 version of ALBPS guidelines and develop the Guidelines on Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System (version 2023). In line with the latest international research advancements, this updated version comprehensively elaborates on various aspects of ALBPS, including treatment mode selection, anticoagulation program implementation, nursing and operational procedures, indications and relative contraindications, common complications and their management, as well as management regulations of the system. These guidelines will provide guidance for the effective application of ALBPS for treatment of critically ill patients.

Estimating a firm-year measure of conditional conservatism for non-U.S. firms: evidence from Japan

ABSTRACT C_Score, a firm-year-level conditional conservatism measure, is widely used in international accounting research because of its parsimony, that is, the use of firm size, market-to-book ratio, and leverage as the main variables. However, it is developed for the U.S. and may not be valid in other countries because their institutional features differ from the U.S. We replicate the property tests of Khan and Watts (2009, ‘Estimation and empirical properties of a firm-year measure of conditional conservatism,’ Journal of Accounting and Economics 48: 132–150) and further investigate its validity using data from Japanese listed firms. Our findings are summarized as follows: first, market-to-book ratio and leverage are not statistically significant for many years. Second, C_Score does not predict future asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Third, the three variables’ contributions to C_Score’s variance fluctuate over time. Fourth, our result shows that firm size solely determines the measure for many years. Fifth, cash flow asymmetry, not accrual asymmetry, affects the asymmetric timeliness of earnings across the deciles based on C_Score. Finally, we find no relationship between C_Score and asset write-downs including non-current asset impairments. Overall, our findings suggest that C_Score is not valid for Japanese listed firms.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Neonatal Condition Research in Africa: Volume, Impact, Themes, and Collaboration

Background: The literature has addressed the negative impact of poor neonatal conditions (NCs) across regions. This has drawn attention to the need to improve NCs, particularly in Africa. NCs research can make an important contribution. However, there is no study dedicated to this topic in Africa. A bibliometric analysis of NCs research can assist scientists in planning ongoing and new NCs research and support those involved in developing and implementing strategies to combat poor NCs. Methods: This study used discipline-specific terms to identify articles on NCs published between 2000 and 2019 and indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) with at least one African author. A bibliometric analysis was applied to determine the volume, visibility, topics, and collaboration activities related to NCs research. Results: The results show that knowledge on NCs increased between 2000 and 2019; NCs research is concentrated in a few African countries (Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Kenya), and its visibility is below the world average. In general, maternal mortality is the most researched topic and collaborative activities are frequent, mainly international research collaboration (IRC), with the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK) being the main partners (they participated in 57% and 28% of all articles with IRC). The collaboration networks are fragile as 43–67% of all links represent one article in 20 years. Conclusions: Ongoing and new NCs research in Africa should consider the main African players and their partners as important sources of knowledge. There is a need to implement strategies to increase NC knowledge in other African countries, expand and strengthen collaboration networks, and diversify the sources of knowledge.

Research on refined UAV inspection method of wind/solar power stations based on YOLOv8

More and more research is focusing on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection of onshore wind/solar power stations; however, how to balance the contradiction between detection accuracy and efficiency is still a challenge for domestic and international researches. In this paper, for the sparse distribution of inspection targets in onshore wind/solar power stations, the YOLOv8 model is used to quickly extract information such as photovoltaic module contours and key points of wind turbine blades in the wide-angle image of the UAV. By connecting these key points in series, fine route planning of the UAV is realized, and the zoom lens is used to carry out efficient and fine inspection of photovoltaic (PV) modules and wind turbine blades. In order to accelerate the convergence of the PV module contour extraction model, this paper introduces a loss function for the difference in linear angular orientation, which improves the average IOU accuracy of the YOLOv8 model to 93%. In the extraction of key points such as the center and tip of wind turbine blades, this paper firstly adopts serpentine convolution to replace the traditional convolution operator in order to adapt the wind turbine blade features, and secondly incorporates the a priori information of the angle constraints between the blades into the loss function. Finally, multi-angle wind turbine imaging photos in desert, hill, rice field, and other scenes are quickly simulated by computer simulation software to improve the model generalization performance. The experimental results show that the improved model achieves 85.4% on the mAP50 metric, which is a 9.2% improvement over YOLOv8, and 6.2% on the more stringent mAP50:95 metric.

Identifying Research Priorities for Cognition in CKD: A Delphi Study.

Cognition is a research priority for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but identification of critical research questions is lacking. This study aimed to determine which cognition-related research questions are most important to CKD stakeholders. A modified Delphi technique with 3 survey rounds was used. The study sample included 3 panels (People with lived CKD experience, Researchers, and Clinicians) recruited through international patient and kidney research networks, kidney societies, and snowball sampling with email invitations. Survey rounds were distributed electronically through REDCap. In Round 1 (October 2021-May 2022), respondents contributed three important research questions regarding cognition in CKD (free text). After deduplication and qualitative synthesis, respondents ranked the importance of these questions on a nine-point Likert scale in Round 2 (Feb-April 2023). Questions with mean and median ratings of >7 by at least two respondent panels or rated critically important by the 'lived experience' panel were re-ranked in Round 3 ( Aug-Sept 2023) and assessed for consensus to identify the final list of priority research questions. Respondents (n=152) identified 125 and 44 discrete questions after Rounds 1 and 2, respectively. The final shortlist included 27 questions in 8 categories. The most critical research question identified was "What factors prevent cognitive impairment in people receiving dialysis?" Overall, respondents prioritized questions focusing on prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment. Scores between the panels were significantly different for 16 questions. Those with lived CKD experience prioritized quality of life, researchers emphasized developing interventions to mitigate cognitive impairment, and clinicians prioritized the effect of CKD treatment on cognitive impairment. Through an established consensus methodology involving key stakeholder groups, we identified 27 critical research questions about cognition in CKD. These questions should guide future study design and outcome selection.

Digital Strategy, Digital Leadership, Organizational Agility, and Digital Transformation for Agricultural Business Sustainability: A Human Resource Management Review

Digitalization has brought a transformation approach from all aspects. Various literatures state that agricultural digitalization is a necessity followed by aspects of human resource management for business sustainability. Various empirical evidence states that business continuity in the digital era is greatly influenced by various factors, including digital strategy, digital leadership, organizational agility, and digital transformation. The study aims to present empirical evidence regarding the practice and/or factors of digital strategy, digital leadership, organizational agility, and digital transformation by comparing the case of agricultural business sustainability and business sustainability in the context of human resource management practices. Using a systematic literature review approach involving 59 journals, consisting of 19 journals concerning the topic of agricultural business sustainability, and 40 journals in the context of human resource management. The journals as secondary sources are limited to the latest international research journals, namely publications between 2020-2024. The results of the analysis found that discussions on digital strategy, digital leadership, organizational agility, and digital transformation for agricultural business sustainability began to be carried out in 2023, and there is a possibility of increasing in the coming years. The future study agenda to produce theoretical building is an investigation into the role of digital leadership in creating scenarios for the development and sustainability of agricultural businesses. The second finding is that from the perspective of human resource management, the reconstruction of theoretical evidence of digital strategy, digital leadership, organizational agility, and digital transformation for business sustainability still needs to be explored further. The theoretical contribution is that for the sustainability of agricultural businesses, the role of digital leadership needs further proof of business transformation and sustainability. A review of human resource management practices is also needed because organizational agility with digital strategies is not enough to explain digital transformation. As a practical contribution, companies must adapt early on to transform their businesses with a digital approach, because the era of digital technology requires digitalization. There is already a lot of evidence of a company failing and experiencing severe decline due to ignoring digital transformation. Keywords: Agricultural business, business sustainability, digital strategy, digital leadership, organizational agility, digital transformation, human resource management.

A Population-Based Analysis of Birth Rates and Placement Patterns Among Care-Experienced Young Women in New South Wales, Australia

Abstract International research has consistently identified that care-experienced young women are disproportionately likely to become mothers at an early age and benefit from the availability of comprehensive services and supports. This study addresses a paucity of prevalence data in the Australian context by identifying and describing the population of young mothers, aged 15–24, who spent time in out-of-home care (OOHC) in New South Wales between 2009 and 2019. It also makes a novel contribution to the literature by identifying placement patterns during and after first pregnancies. Main findings include that care-experienced young women are three times more likely to give birth than their peers in the majority population and report high rates of smoking during pregnancy and receipt of fewer than the recommended number of prenatal health care visits. The findings also indicate that pathways into motherhood from OOHC are often marked by instability and uncertainty, consisting of frequent perinatal placement changes and exits from OOHC during pregnancy. This indicates that targeted interventions are needed to promote placement stability and supported transitions from OOHC to enhance the health and well-being of care-experienced young mothers and their babies. Directions for future research include the identification of variables associated with perinatal placement stability, consistent healthcare usage, and smoking cessation.

Semantic differences between terms associated with the Hungarian and the Ukrainian public education systems

The integration of Ukraine into the European Union is a very complex process which can be facilitated with the development of terminological dictionaries that make the translation of Ukrainian-specific educational, administrative and legal terms much easier. In the spring of 2024, a new terminological research program began within the framework of the Science for the Hungarian Language National Program – Hungarian Terminology Strategy Subprogram. An international research group consisting of members from the Termini Hungarian Language Research Network set out to translate nearly a thousand Hungarian terms from Act CXC of 2011 on National Public Education of Hungary into the state languages of the neighbouring countries, including German, Slovak, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian, Croatian, and Ukrainian, respectively. The Antal Hodinka Linguistic Research Centre joined the initiative to find the Ukrainian equivalents of Hungarian educational terms, and to develop new terminologies in case of any semantic gaps. The aim of this study is to shed light on the most important semantic differences between the educational and administrative terms connected to the Hungarian and the Ukrainian public education systems. The main problems during the translation process include the development of new terms, the translation of compound expressions, the search for functional equivalents, the grammatical and word-building differences between the Hungarian and the Ukrainian languages, the integration of regional equivalents into the dictionary, the explanation of country-specific educational terms, and the differences between the public education systems of the two countries. The current study is based on the translation of the first 450 terms from the terminological corpus. At the end of the research and the terminological work, a comprehensive online dictionary is going to be developed which will open the door for Hungarian–Ukrainian and Ukrainian–Hungarian translators to create bilingual versions of the countries’ educational laws, and semantic gaps will be filled in relation to the translation of specific terms of the Ukrainian public education system.

Contextualizing ijime: The relationship between school bullying, socioeconomic status, and academic achievement with a focus on school position

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between school bullying (ijime), socioeconomic status, and academic achievement, considering the context of students within the school. While international research has found a correlation between school bullying, students’ socioeconomic status, and academic achievement, indicating that children with lower socioeconomic status and academic performance are more likely to be bullied, there is a lack of research in Japan. Specifically, studies focusing on the interaction between bullying, socioeconomic status, and academic achievement, as well as the influence of school-level variables, such as students’ socioeconomic and academic composition, are scarce. Therefore, this study used the PISA 2018 data to explore these relationships by analyzing individual scores, school averages, and discrepancies between the two. Multilevel analysis further revealed that students with higher socioeconomic status and academic achievement than their peers within the same school were particularly prone to being bullied. Additionally, the school’s overall average socioeconomic status and academic achievement did not affect individual students’ likelihood of being bullied. These findings underscore the importance of considering the overall socioeconomic status and academic achievement in society and students’ specific context and relative positions within their schools in analyzing factors that contribute to bullying.

Understanding fatigue among Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: insights from international comparisons and meta-analysis.

Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale has demonstrated reliability and validity in assessing fatigue in patients with IBD and is used worldwide. This study aimed to examine the current state of fatigue among Japanese patients with IBD using the FACIT-F scale and to compare these findings with data from global studies through a systematic review. Data from 488 patients with IBD treated at a specialized IBD clinic were analyzed. Patient characteristics, such as sex, age, disease duration, disease activity, FACIT-F scores, and sleep duration, were collected. A literature search identified 8 studies that met our inclusion criteria for an international comparison. A meta-analysis was performed on the Fatigue Subscale (FS) scores of FACIT-F to estimate the pooled mean. The mean FACIT-F (FS) score in this study was 39.9 ± 8.6. Four variables were significantly associated with fatigue: low Emotional Well-Being subscale scores, sleep duration < 6 hours, albumin level below the reference value, and being unmarried. The meta-analysis revealed that the pooled mean score was 40.2 (95% confidence interval, 39.5-40.9), and between-study heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 41%). The FACIT-F (FS) scores and related factors in Japanese patients with IBD demonstrated a similar trend to those in other countries. These findings can be used to identify patients in need of support and to consider interventions for modifiable factors. This study will help promote international collaborative research.

Evaluating protein SUPPLEMENTation in Ulcerative Colitis (SUPPLEMENT-UC)

Abstract Background and aims A higher dietary protein intake has overall health and body composition benefits but also has the propensity to drive inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to investigate whether recreational animal-based protein supplementation affects ability to maintain remission in adults with clinically quiescent UC. Methods Twenty-four adults with quiescent UC (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) ≤2) on stable therapy will be randomised to a 24-week double blind, parallel, placebo-controlled protein supplement intervention in addition to habitual diet. The primary outcome is maintenance of remission (defined as SCCAI ≤2) at 24 weeks, relapse being defined as an increase in SCCAI ≥2 points and/or escalation of medical therapy. Disease activity will be assessed using clinical, biochemical and sonographic indices. Adherence, tolerability and safety will be measured using pre-defined categories and 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dietary intake and change in body composition will be measured along with biomarkers and metabolites of fermentation in faecal, blood and urine specimens. Anticipated impact This trial addresses one of the top three international IBD research priorities - the role of diet to induce/maintain remission in UC. It will be the first ever study to investigate whether animal-based protein supplements influence the ability of adults with quiescent UC to maintain remission, and to explore the mechanistic basis and relationship between dietary substrate, gut microbiota, and disease activity. The trial results are anticipated to inform UC treatment paradigms by demonstrating dietary factors influence disease activity and dietary advice can be readily incorporated into current UC treatment paradigms as a cost neutral, adjunctive therapy to optimise response to existing therapies. The ultimate goal is to optimise therapeutic outcomes and improve quality of life for people with UC.

Independent Directors' Opposition, Earnings Management and the Risk of Stock Price Crash

The purpose of this article is to explore the factors affecting subsidy relaxation and the measures that the new-energy vehicle industry should take in response to the continued weakening of subsidy policies. Examination of relevant literature and case studies revealed that domestic and international research on the impact and shortcomings of the vehicle purchase subsidy policy itself has made some progress, but there are still other problems and challenges. This article explains the profound significance of the release of the new energy vehicle purchase subsidy policy and subsidy weakening, and how the new energy vehicle industry should respond to the subsidy weakening and others Finally, the article summarises the main results and conclusions of the study, and provides a forecast on the research direction for the development of the new energy vehicle market.

Expert consensus on neuropsychological assessment for mild cognitive impairment (2025 edition)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a state of objective cognitive decline that falls between normal aging and dementia, with a high prevalence among the elderly in China. Cognitive impairments in MCI patients involve multiple cognitive domains such as memory, language, attention, executive, visuospatial functions, and social cognition, as well as non-cognitive domains such as neuropsychiatric, mood, sleep, daily living activities, and frailty. The assessment and clinical diagnosis of MCI highly rely on neuropsychological testing. In order to standardize the neuropsychological assessment of MCI, the Dementia and Cognitive Disorders Group of the Chinese Society of Neurology formulated this consensus document. It recommends tools for assessing global cognition, various cognitive domains, and non-cognitive functions suitable for both clinical and research settings. The consensus proposes assessment procedures and precautions based on the experiences of domestic researchers. Based on the latest international and domestic research advancements, using the Delphi method and the GRADE evidence system, 24 recommendations were formulated in 5 aspects of MCI: global cognitive function assessment, various cognitive domains assessment, non-cognitive assessment, the use of neuropsychological scales, and precautions in neuropsychological assessment, aiming to improve the diagnosis and management of MCI in China.

Creative-Motivated Citizen Science After-School STEAM Programme for Motivating Actions Related to the Oceanic Microplastics Problem

Citizen science (CS) projects focused on microplastics (MP), small plastics that cause widespread ocean pollution, have gained interest from international research communities. However, research is lacking on designing citizen science educational programmes that promote microplastic problem-solving and enhance local understanding. These programmes could use STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) education and creative activities for children, supported by local adults such as parents and teachers. We, therefore, created a nine-week STEAM education CS after-school programme for primary school children. In addition to MP sampling, we have also incorporated elements of STEAM education, combining creative projects and motivational activities, in this creative-motivated after-school programme. Our goals are to encourage long-term community cooperation in research, learning about MP issues, and thinking about local solutions through this community participatory CS programme. As a result, our qualitative results showed that five primary school children and five community adults were actively involved in the programme. Three creative project outputs were produced, and four MP data sampling sessions were conducted. Three pairs of children and their mother participants remained engaged in this ongoing problem-solving activity 10 months after its conclusion. During our programme progression, we observed familial engagement between local children and parents, which has not commonly been studied in the context of CS programmes. We believe that designing action-motivating long-term programmes to raise participants’ awareness of issues and interest in research is important. This CS programme has the potential to encourage long-term community interaction with research and enhance community involvement in environmental issues.

Vericiguat for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): A review of its potential benefits in Pakistan

Heart failure (HF) is categorized by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into three groups. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is one of these groups characterized by the heart&amp;rsquo;s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body&amp;rsquo;s needs, resulting from the left ventricle&amp;rsquo;s impaired ability to contract effectively. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) guidelines recommend vericiguat for hospitalized patients experiencing worsening symptoms of HFrEF. This article reviews vericiguat&amp;rsquo;s efficacy and potential benefits in Pakistani patients with HFrEF. A literature search from 2013 to 2024 was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, employing keywords such as guidelines, heart failure, Pakistan, and reduced ejection fraction. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators, like vericiguat, have shown benefits in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis by reducing afterload through vasodilation. Vericiguat (2.5 &amp;ndash; 10 mg taken orally once daily) shows promise in reducing cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in adults with LVEF &amp;le;45%. Vericiguat may alleviate Pakistan&amp;rsquo;s growing cardiovascular disease burden. Expedited access to this innovative therapy can be achieved through collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare authorities, and international research centers, potentially reducing hospitalization rates in Pakistani HFrEF patients.

Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources. We predicted that the last decade would have shown: (i) exponentially increasing sampling effort, a continuation of camera usage trends up to 2012; (ii) analytics to have shifted from naive presence/absence and capture rates towards hierarchical modelling that accounts for imperfect detection, thereby improving the quality of outputs and inferences on occupancy, abundance, and density; and (iii) broader research scales in terms of multi-species, multi-site and multi-year studies. However, the results showed that the sampling effort has reached a plateau, with publication rates increasing only modestly. Users reported reaching a saturation point in terms of images that could be processed by humans and time for complex analyses and academic writing. There were strong taxonomic and geographic biases towards medium-large mammals (>500 g) in forests along Australia's southeastern coastlines, reflecting proximity to major cities. Regarding analytical choices, bias-prone indices still accounted for ~50% of outputs and this was consistent across user groups. Multi-species, multi-site and multiple-year studies were rare, largely driven by hesitancy around collaboration and data sharing. There is no widely used repository for wildlife camera images and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is the dominant repository for sharing tabular occurrence records. However, the ALA is presence-only and thus is unsuitable for creating detection histories with absences, inhibiting hierarchical modelling. Workshop discussions identified a pressing need for collaboration to enhance the efficiency, quality and scale of research and management outcomes, leading to the proposal of a Wildlife Observatory of Australia (WildObs). To encourage data standards and sharing, WildObs should (i) promote a metadata collection app; (ii) create a tagged image repository to facilitate artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) computer vision research in this space; (iii) address the image identification bottleneck via the use of AI/ML-powered image-processing platforms; (iv) create data commons for detection histories that are suitable for hierarchical modelling; and (v) provide capacity building and tools for hierarchical modelling. Our review highlights that while Australia's investments in monitoring biodiversity with cameras position it to be a global leader in this context, realising that potential requires a paradigm shift towards best practices for collecting, curating, sharing and analysing 'Big Data'. Our findings and framework have broad applicability outside Australia to enhance camera usage to meet conservation and management objectives ranging from local to global scales. This review articulates a country/continental observatory approach that is also suitable for international collaborative wildlife research networks.

Motivating book reading during adolescence: qualitative insights from adolescents

ABSTRACT Background Research demonstrates a wide range of benefits associated with reading books, from academic and cognitive to social and emotional. Reading motivation has been shown to drive the volitional reading of books; however, international research consistently demonstrates a global decline in reading motivation from childhood to adolescence. As a result, there is considerable research, policy and practice interest in understanding how to increase adolescents’ volitional reading. To date, very little research has centred on adolescents’ views within this exploration. Purpose Through collaboration with a Young People’s Advisory Panel (YPAP) of young people aged 13–15, and a national literacy organisation, this study sought to identify adolescents’ views on factors which would increase their volitional book reading. Research questions were: (1) What factors do adolescents perceive as their reasons for reading or not reading? and (2) How can we inspire and sustain book reading motivation and engagement in adolescence? Methods Working with six members of the YPAP, adult- and peer-led semi-structured interviews were carried out with 46 adolescents aged 13–15, 30 of whom were female and 16 male, from six geographically dispersed high schools in Scotland, United Kingdom (UK). Data were analysed using an inductive data-driven thematic process, with findings interpreted in collaboration with the YPAP. Findings Factors which adolescents reported would motivate volitional book reading included (1) Access to quality books aligned with their interests; (2) Knowledge and skills to choose books aligned with their interests; (3) Autonomy over reading choices; (4) Reading promotion messaging which resonated with them and their ways of communicating; (5) Social reading practices which were personally enjoyable, meaningful, and enriching; and (6) Quality space and time to foster and sustain book reading practices. Conclusions This study extends current understanding of the factors that could motivate adolescents’ volitional reading. It offers researchers, policymakers, and educators novel insights into adolescents’ perspectives, which may support continued efforts to increase adolescents’ reading motivation and engagement.

Emerging trends and critical insights in international business research: a hybrid review

Purpose This paper aims to present a hybrid review combining the theory, context, characteristics and methodology (TCCM) framework and bibliometric analysis of international business research from 1991 to 2023, shedding light on the field’s growth, trends and key contributors. Design/methodology/approach Relevant papers were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses model. Initially, this paper conducted a descriptive analysis to identify prolific institutions, countries and journals. Using bibliometric techniques and the TCCM framework, this paper analyzed theory, context and method visualized through word clouds and keyword co-occurrence. The characteristic aspect was analyzed using bibliographic coupling to identify major themes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the most significant factors in international business research. Findings The analysis of a data set comprising 5,644 documents reveals a steady increase in the annual growth rate of publications, highlighting the growing significance of international business in the global economy. First, this paper noticed a significant increase in publications in leading international business journals, with the Journal of International Business Studies being the most prolific. Second, using the TCCM framework, this paper discovered that the resource-based view, institutional theory, transaction cost theory and internalization theory are predominant in international business research. Most studies have concentrated on firm or enterprise-level entities, followed by country-level analyses. This paper also identified six main themes: (1) innovation and strategy, (2) market, (3) HR impact and leadership, (4) marketing, (5) internationalization and (6) entrepreneurship. Quantitative methods have been the most frequently used research design, followed by qualitative and mixed methods. Research limitations/implications The study offers researchers and practitioners a roadmap for future investigations, collaboration and innovation in international business, thereby advancing the knowledge and understanding of this complex field within a globally interconnected economy. Originality/value This study provides insights into growth and trends, identifying journals, clustering research topics and enhancing theoretical and methodological understanding in the field of international business.