International Public-private Partnerships Research Articles

Research on Bidding Decision-making of International Public-Private Partnership Projects

In order to select the optimal quasi-bidding project for an investment enterprise, a bidding decision-making model for international PPP projects was established in this paper. Firstly, the literature frequency statistics method was adopted to screen out the bidding decision-making indexes, and accordingly the bidding decision-making index system for international PPP projects was constructed. Then, the group decision-making characteristic root method, the entropy weight method, and the optimization model based on least square method were used to set the decision-making index weights. The optimal quasi-bidding project was thus determined by calculating the consistent effect measure of each decision-making index value and the comprehensive effect measure of each quasi-bidding project. Finally, the bidding decision-making model for international PPP projects was further illustrated by a hypothetical case. This model can effectively serve as a theoretical foundation and technical support for the bidding decision-making of international PPP projects.

A fuzzy synthetic evaluation analysis of operational management critical success factors for public-private partnership infrastructure projects

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factor groupings of a set of 19 critical success factors (CSFs) associated with managing public-private partnership (PPP) projects at the operational stage and examine the most significant factor grouping using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) technique.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopted a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature and an empirical questionnaire survey geared towards targeted international PPP experts. Survey responses were analysed using factor analysis and FSE modelling.FindingsThe results from factor analysis show five CSF groupings (CSFGs) for managing operational PPPs. These are proficient service delivery and adequate legal structures, simplified payment mechanism and consistent project monitoring, effective contract variations management, suitable stakeholder management mechanism and environmental health and safety control. The FSE modelling shows that “simplified payment mechanism and consistent project monitoring”, is the most critical CSFG. The operational management CSFs under this grouping are acceptable level of user fee charges, efficient and well-structured payment mechanism, consistent project performance monitoring and long-term demand for public facility.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation lies in the low sample size that was used for analysis; however the years of research and/or industrial experience of respondents and the wide coverage of different cultural backgrounds (18 countries from five regions globally) contribute to the authenticity of the survey responses. Future research should adopt interviews and case study analysis to unravel CSFs in managing operational PPPs.Originality/valueThe findings of this study are considerably beneficial to both public authorities and private operators. They inform practitioners of the strategic procedures and measures to employ in optimising the operational performance of PPP projects. Further, the methodology employed allows project management experts to reliably select the operational management CSFs for their projects.

Developing a comprehensive response for treatment of children under 6\xa0years of age with schistosomiasis: research and development of a pediatric formulation of praziquantel

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes. The disease is caused by an inflammatory reaction to parasite eggs retained in the liver, bladder and reproductive organs. According to 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 220 million people are potentially infected, from which probably 10% are children under 6 years of age. The regular treatment approach of a single, oral dose of 40 mg/kg body weight with praziquantel however, is difficult for children under the age of 6, leaving them without a treatment option.In order to address this important gap in treatment target populations, an international public-private partnership that works on a not-for-profit basis in the field of drug research and development for schistosomiasis was established in 2012. This is called the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium. Its mission was and continues to be to develop, register and provide access to a suitable pediatric praziquantel formulation for treating schistosomiasis in preschool-age children (3–6 months up to 6 years).The Target Product Profile for the pediatric formulation of praziquantel that would be suitable to treat children as young as 3–6 months was then defined by a group of experts, including members from the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium partner organizations as well as experts from WHO (as observer) and schistosomiasis endemic countries.The development of the drug is ongoing and the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium aims to submit the regulatory dossier for marketing approval in endemic countries and WHO prequalification in 2018/19 with approval and product launch for schistosomiasis pediatric case management in key endemic countries in 2019. Ultimately, the goal is for the product to be considered for a large-scale mass distribution program by 2022.

A qualitative study for developing a framework for implementing public–private partnerships in developing countries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a public–private partnership (PPP) framework for newcomers from developing countries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, through the meta-analysis review of literature and applied qualitative content analysis to the international PPP best practices, the authors identified key relevant PPP processes, terminologies and vocabulary that can assist new entrants in establishing their PPP infrastructure.FindingsThe outcome was a generic best practice framework for PPP implementation that consisted of five phases which further consisted of groups of functions and sub-groups of functions. These phases are establish the PPP framework, PPP implementation, contract design, bid management and PPP contract management.Practical implicationsThis framework is expected to benefit the upper management of local government departments and the federal ministries to understand the full process for local PPPs and to help them make informed decision for what to develop as PPPs and how to develop them.Social implicationsThis systematic approach to the development of PPPs in the UAE is expected to increase the number of PPP tenders, as there will be more awareness on what PPPs stand for, how they balance risks, improve efficiency and effectiveness of projects, improve facilities and services, etc.Originality/valueThis framework is the first to lay the foundations for a standardised PPP practice in the UAE for practitioners.

Factors attracting private sector investments in public–private partnerships in developing countries

PurposeThe increasing demand for public infrastructure has caused a rise in the global adoption of the public–private partnership (PPP) concept. However, over the past years, most of the developing countries have failed to attract more private investments as realised in the developed countries. This paper aims to investigate the critical factors that attract private investments in the PPP markets of developing countries.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical questionnaire survey was conducted with targeted international PPP experts from the academic and industrial sectors. The inter-rater agreement analysis, mean score ranking and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyse the survey responses.FindingsResults indicate that the three most critical factors are political support and acceptability for PPPs, government positive attitude towards private sector investments and political stability. On the other hand, factors including government guarantees, competent PPP unit and tax rebate on imported equipment are of low importance. The Mann–Whitney U test reveals that experts from the academic and industrial sectors view the importance of three factors differently: adequate public sector experience in PPP, government providing guarantees and government providing tax rebate on imported equipment.Originality/valueThe research outputs contribute to the existing but limited knowledge on PPP practices in developing countries by providing empirical evidence and cross-cultural perceptions on the conditions that are critical to the expansion of PPP markets in developing countries. It is therefore expected that governments and policymakers seeking to adopt the PPP concept would take into consideration the results and implications to enhance PPP growth.

Implications of the Application of the 'Hot Pursuit' Principle in the Cyberspace: An Analysis of the Case 'Microsoft v. United States of America'

The hot pursuit principle is defined as the right of a nation-state to pursue and seize a non-national vessel suspected of having committed a crime within the nation-state's internal waters and territorial sea and arrest it on the high sea (Churchill & Lowe, 1999). The hot pursuit allows a nation-state to enforce its laws and regulations against non-national ships that flee onto the high seas where the nation-state lacks jurisdiction (Reuland, 1993). Pursuit must be continuous and it must end as soon as the chased ship enters into the territorial sea of its own nation-state or a third nation-state’s (Churchill & Lowe, 1999). The hot pursuit is officially recognized by the Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) from 1982. In December 2013, a New York district Court judge issued a warrant requesting Microsoft to produce emails and private information associated to particular accounts hosted by Microsoft. The data was storage on a Hotmail server located in Ireland and was related to a drug trafficking investigation (HLR, 2015; Scott, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ), the U.S. government has the right to demand the emails of anyone in the world as long as the email provider has headquarters within U.S. borders (Thielman, 2015). Microsoft refused to deliver the names and accounts of the server stored in Ireland arguing that a U.S. Court has no jurisdiction over information stored out of U.S. territory. Similarly, the Irish government supported the Microsoft opinion and claimed that U.S. Courts do not have sovereignty to issue search warrants to be executed abroad (Goldman, 2016). Using the Microsoft case, this paper intends to analyze the implications of applying the “hot pursuit” principle into the cyber domain. For this purpose, the analysis will be centralized in the arguments and allegations of the involved parties by using the codification software Atlas-Ti. The research design will follow an inductive approach and will focus in the arguments about why one nation-state’s sovereignty should be applicable or not beyond the borders of its own territory. This proposal is important because it presents a concrete opportunity to study a long-time-suggested academic proposal of applying some of the elements of the law of the sea into the cyberspace. At this point existent studies focus in: a) applying the categories included in UNCLOS as part of a national security policy over the Internet packets, b) applying anti-piracy rules in case of copyright infringement and c) protecting the under-sea cables (Kalpokienė & Kalpokas, 2012; Sechrist, 2010; Steven, 2001). References Churchill, R. R., & Lowe, A. V. (1999). The Law of the Sea. Manchester University Press. Goldman, D. (2016). Microsoft is fighting the DOJ too. Retrieved March 31, 2016, from http://money.cnn.com/2016/02/23/technology/microsoft-ireland-case/ HLR. (2015). In re warrant to search a certain email account controlled & maintained by Microsoft Corp. Harvard Law Review, 128(3), 1019 – 1026. Kalpokienė, J., & Kalpokas, I. (2012). Hostes Humani Generis: Cyberspace, the Sea, and Sovereign Control. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 5(2), 132–163. Retrieved from http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bjlp.2012.5.issue-2/v10076-012-0014-y/v10076-012-0014-y.xml?format=INT Reuland, R. C. (1993). The customary right of hot pursuit onto the high seas : annotations to article 111 of the Law of the Sea Convention. Virginia Journal of International Law. -. Scott, M. (2014, December 24). Ireland Lends Support to Microsoft in Email Privacy Case. The New York Times. New York, New York, USA. Retrieved from http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/24/ireland-lends-support-to-microsoft-in-email-privacy-case/?_r=0 Sechrist, M. (2010). Cyberspace in Deep Water: Protecting Undersea Communications Cables By Creating an International Public-Private Partnership. Harvard - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Retrieved from http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20710/cyberspace_in_deep_water.html?breadcrumb=%2Fexperts%2F2223%2Fmichael_sechrist Steven, B. (2001). Innocent Packets? Applying navigational regimes from the Law of the Sea Convention by analogy to the realm of the cyberspace. Naval Law Review, 48, 56–83. Retrieved from http://unclosdebate.org/evidence/1115/unclos-provisions-transit-passage-provide-good-model-international-agreements Thielman, S. (2015). Microsoft case: DoJ says it can demand every email from any US-based provider. Retrieved March 31, 2016, from http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/09/microsoft-court-case-hotmail-ireland-search-warrant

Reflective and cognitive perspectives on international capital budgeting

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for an enlightened management and governance praxis against a backdrop of cognitive and motivational biases promoting a reflected international capital budgeting decision process. Furthermore, societally relevant questions are raised whether these biases might have an effect on various stakeholders in public–private partnerships. Recurring failures of international business investments motivate reflective, cognitive and socio-constructivist perspectives on the international capital budgeting process. Design/methodology/approach Based on an interdisciplinary literature review and substantiated by empirical studies, the cognitive biases and flaws of the international capital budgeting process are discussed making use of a five-stage process scheme. The article applies the interpretative paradigm and regards the international capital budgeting process stages as a socio-political process of reality construction and critically assesses the motives of its actors. Consequently, the authors develop and discuss three principle-based behavioural rationalisation factors. Findings International capital budgeting is not a process of rational choice but of social construction of reality. Reflective prudence, critical communication and independence are three rationalisation factors which could, if applied along the five stages of the international capital budgeting process, systematically lead to de-biasing and thus enhance the performative praxis of international investment decisions. Research limitations/implications The international capital budgeting process deals with the construction of future scenarios under uncertainty and assessment of potential success and failure of future projects. The defined (or any other) rationalisation factors are subject to cultural biases and can naturally not guarantee successful investment projects. Although the success of the application of various de-biasing tactics was empirically confirmed, the aggregated rationalisation factors of the paper have not been tested. Practical implications The paper is aimed at enhancing the reflective understanding and the performative praxis of the international capital budgeting process. The practical recommendations aggregated in the rationalisation factors are explicitly elaborated for international business practitioners. Social implications Societally relevant questions are raised whether systematic biases have an effect on various stakeholders in international public–private partnerships. Especially in large investment projects, where capturing private value might be boosted by actively exploiting biases of the public decision makers, active stakeholder engagement could enhance the social and ecological value of investments. Originality/value The article provides a rare interdisciplinary literature review on cognitive biases in the international capital budgeting process. It critically reflects the social construction of it various stages and its social repercussions and develops practical rationalisation factors for an enhancement of the international capital budgeting process as a performative praxis.

International Public Private Partnerships as Part of the Solution to Infectious Disease Threats: Operational, Legal, and Governance Considerations

International Public Private Partnerships as Part of the Solution to Infectious Disease Threats: Operational, Legal, and Governance Considerations

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

In the article the expediency of realization of innovative development of railway transport of Ukraine, defined problem areas of organization of innovative activities and the prospects of innovative development of railway transport. Determined that the development of the economy, the transport industry needs to change according to the dynamics of demand for transport services. The flexibility, the elasticity of transport, the opportunity to work in different ways, including probabilistic modes, to implement the peak demand for transportation – these are the demands of modern transport systems. Railway transport of Ukraine plays a leading role in the implementation of economic ties. Therefore, innovative developing this transport sector, the government will provide an international public-private partnership, which in turn will stimulate the economy and modernization of production and technical base of rail transport. Thus, with the prospect of development of the Ukrainian Railways, as a sector, will be proportional to the development of other industries. The implementation of sophisticated, high quality new innovation policy in railway transport will increase its competitiveness, efficiency and social significance. And also, will allow to provide high quality transportation services that meet international standards.

Sierra Leone's health workforce crisis: Drivers of suboptimal distribution and poor retention of primary healthcare workers in rural areas

Outcomes & Evaluation: To date, we have established the first Department of Environmental and Occupational Health in the country, built sustainable multidisciplinary local and international Public-Private Partnership, started graduate level degree programs, obtained full scholarship and research grants, and organized national and international research conferences to promote collaboration and knowledge sharing. Going Forward: We are working to further strengthen our program and improve its sustainability in order to improve EOH in the country by expanding our outreach, extending our collaborative network, serving as a bridge between public and private sectors, helping to adopt international environmental and occupational safety standards in the country, and promoting evidence based policy by conducting research. Funding: We have been proactive and creative in sourcing funding and have obtained funding from different public and private institutions. Abstract #: 01ETC072

Good practices in health care "management experimentation models": insights from an international public-private partnership on transplantation and advanced specialized therapies.

The research analyzes good practices in health care "management experimentation models," which fall within the broader range of the integrative public-private partnerships (PPPs). Introduced by the Italian National Healthcare System in 1991, the "management experimentation models" are based on a public governance system mixed with a private management approach, a patient-centric orientation, a shared financial risk, and payment mechanisms correlated with clinical outcomes, quality, and cost-savings. This model makes public hospitals more competitive and efficient without affecting the principles of universal coverage, solidarity, and equity of access, but requires higher financial responsibility for managers and more flexibility in operations. In Italy the experience of such experimental models is limited but successful. The study adopts the case study methodology and refers to the international collaboration started in 1997 between two Italian hospitals and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC - Pennsylvania, USA) in the field of organ transplants and biomedical advanced therapies. The research allows identifying what constitutes good management practices and factors associated with higher clinical performance. Thus, it allows to understand whether and how the management experimentation model can be implemented on a broader basis, both nationwide and internationally. However, the implementation of integrative PPPs requires strategic, cultural, and managerial changes in the way in which a hospital operates; these transformations are not always sustainable. The recognition of ISMETT's good management practices is useful for competitive benchmarking among hospitals specialized in organ transplants and for its insights on the strategies concerning the governance reorganization in the hospital setting. Findings can be used in the future for analyzing the cross-country differences in productivity among well-managed public hospitals.

Cost and Schedule Performance Benchmarks of U.S. Transportation Public-Private Partnership Projects

The use of public–private partnerships (PPPs) has steadily increased in the United States since the early 1990s. Infrastructure design and construction projects have seen significant variations in costs and schedules. Therefore this paper aims to quantify the cost and schedule performance of recently completed PPP projects in the U.S. transportation sector and compare them to their non-PPP counterparts. The authors collected and verified data from professional data sets, publicly available websites, and structured interviews with key project constituents. The paper presents results from 25 completed PPP transportation projects. All projects in the data set were completed between 1995 and 2013; project costs ranged from $18 million to $2.1 billion and totaled about $14 billion. The results of the analysis showed an average cost growth of 3.22% and an average schedule growth of 1.2%; when compared with traditional design–bid–build delivery, these findings illustrate superior performance. This paper fills a gap in the knowledge of PPP project performance in the U.S. transportation sector and compares the results with previous research efforts in the international PPP market.

The Role of Teachers in Enhancing Information and Communication Technology-integrated Education in Cambodia

The integration of ICT in education can be an effective method of improving the quality of education in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the role that teachers play in enhancing ICT-integrated education by analyzing the perception, belief and behavior of secondary school teachers in Cambodia (N = 121). Its findings suggest that although the teachers have positive perception and belief towards ICT-integrated education, their usage of ICT in the classroom is notably limited. A number of barriers are identified such as inadequate ICT-related infrastructure and insufficient teacher training programs. Interestingly, ANOVA analysis reveals that female teachers have lower self-confidence with respect to ICT skills than do male teachers (p < .05). Policy implications regarding budget allocation and international public-private partnership are discussed.

Public-Private Partnership: A New Engine for Translational Research in Neurosciences

We have made little recent progress developing effective new treatments for neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Novel molecular mechanisms have been identified, but have not translated into the clinic. We suggest an alternative: combinations of treatments targeting different aspects of final common pathways in biologically defined clinical subgroups. This will require integrated translational neuroscience and international public-private partnerships.

The Role of Teachers in Enhancing Information and Communication Technology-Integrated Education in Cambodia

The integration of ICT in education can be an effective method of improving the quality of education in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the role that teachers play in enhancing ICT-integrated education by analyzing the perception, belief and behavior of secondary school teachers in Cambodia (N = 121). Its findings suggest that although the teachers have positive perception and belief towards ICT-integrated education, their usage of ICT in the classroom is notably limited. A number of barriers are identified such as inadequate ICT-related infrastructure and insufficient teacher training programs. Interestingly, ANOVA analysis reveals that female teachers have lower self-confidence with respect to ICT skills than do male teachers (p &lt; .05). Policy implications regarding budget allocation and international public-private partnership are discussed.

English

For more than two decades, Public Private Partnerships (PPP) had developed worldwide as an instrument to procure public infrastructure where government funds are limited. This practice supports the covergent theory of the public and private sector. Indonesia experience with PPP follows most of what had been done by countries overseas with some deviations. The main reasons for going for PPP for Indonesia government is to fill the gap in finance and capability in procuring the infrastructure. Unofficial reason such as for off-balance sheet and ideological is not relevant. Up to now, the Government only allow investment in hard economic infrastructure. Instead of using pure private finance, Indonesia Government facilitates public funds either from Central Government or Local Governments to finance PPP projects. In most cases, this involvement is because of marginality of the project. This results in the condition where the Government still has dominant role in the existing PPP projects. Compared to the PPP framework in other countries like in the UK, Indonesia PPP lacks of attention on output specification and risk transfer. This may be because of lacking of experiences as well as due to high degree of Government involvement. Rigorous policy is needed in this area to ensure Government to achieve better value for money. Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, Public Infrastructure Procurement, International PPP, Indonesia PPP, value for money mechanism

Concession Renegotiation Models for Projects Developed through Public-Private Partnerships

AbstractContractual agreements between public agencies and private companies in the form of public-private partnerships (PPPs) have proven to be beneficial to both the public and private sectors. However, PPPs expose the concessionaire to a number of potential risks over the long concession period and the concessionaire may not be able to recover the large initial investment and obtain a reasonable rate of return if significant difficulties occur in the concession period. Hosting governments normally allow concession renegotiations when certain serious risk scenarios occur. International PPP practices have shown conflicting results from renegotiations, and many renegotiations have raised serious questions about the viability of the PPP approach. To facilitate renegotiations between the public and private sectors, this research has developed a concession renegotiation framework and compensation models for three common compensation measures, namely, toll adjustment, contract extension, and annual subsidy or...

Governance of public-private partnerships: Lessons learned from an Albanian case

JEEMS Journal of East European Management Studies , Seite 371 - 385

Trypanososma brucei rhodesienseSleeping Sickness, Uganda

<i>Trypanososma brucei rhodesiense</i>Sleeping Sickness, Uganda

Including prospective tenants and homeowners in the urban development process in Finland

The twofold purpose of this paper is to establish the prospective inhabitants as a part of the development process, and to provide an overview of participatory planning in the context of Finnish urban residential public–private partnerships (PPPs). This overview examines how the future inhabitants of new residential developments can contribute to informed decision-making within a PPP framework. Communicative planning theory serves as a framework to compare the urban development process from the point of view of future inhabitants. Finnish case studies are used to compare the traditional public-led processes with processes based on PPPs. This comparison is discussed within the context of PPPs and how they may evolve further and develop into a public–private-people partnership (4P) model. The examination of the case studies suggests that involving future inhabitants as stakeholders in the urban planning development process would lead to and require new methods of participation. These methods potentially impact the PPP process as a whole and on several levels. In the Finnish examples discussed here, these range from elements of general planning to individual house design. The research, whilst drawing on the broad field of PPP research, is based on Finnish case studies only. However, this research suggests that the 4P approach is a practical model which may fill the gap between international PPP theory and local, practical solutions for the planning of urban development, both in Finland and elsewhere. Future research can look at this model in other PPP jurisdictions and contexts. The 4P model can be used to establish new methods to plan and develop local infrastructure which meets the needs of future inhabitants. The findings of this paper emphasise the crucial role of future inhabitants in the PPP process. The conclusions points out the possibilities for broad and open participation in urban planning and development processes. The 4P model is found to be a potentially valuable theoretical and practical concept for use in PPP urban developments.