International Public Organizations Research Articles

Mapping and quantifying medium-term soil loss rates in mountain olive groves using unmanned aerial vehicle technology

Olive groves are one of the main agroecosystems in the Mediterranean region, but water erosion, aggravated by inappropriate soil management, is compromising the environmental sustainability of these crops. National and international public organisations, including the European Union via its Common Agricultural Policy, have acknowledged the problem and recognise the need to quantify the effects of this process. However, the variability of currently available short-term soil erosion measurements, together with limited understanding of the underlying processes, mean there is considerable uncertainty about the long-term effects of soil erosion. This paper presents an innovative procedure called SERHOLIVE4.0 designed to measure and model long-term soil erosion rates in olive groves, by means of structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques by which image information is obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). For the present study, the procedure was evaluated in mountain olive groves, where the erosion rate was calculated from historical surface reconstructions. Overall, this approach was found to be practical and effective. The method includes the following steps: [1] measure the current relief using UAV technology; [2] reconstruct the historical relief from field measurements; [3] calculate soil truncation (h) and obtain a soil erosion rate map; [4] determine the erosive dynamics of the slope and establish the relation between tree truncation, slope and mounds. The method we describe presents the following advantages:•it quantifies soil losses by reference to existing tree mounds;•it is straightforward to apply;•its application enhances the calibration of erosion models.

War in Ukraine and the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care

The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care.
 The article focuses on the role of such international non-governmental organizations during the war in Ukraine: the Red Cross Committee, the World Medical Association, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, etc.
 International cooperation of states in the field of health care is a complex of legal means and institutions that the subjects of international public law - states - use to achieve common goals in the field of health care, which is implemented in the forms of multilateral and bilateral participation and is carried out accordingly to generally recognized principles and norms of international law. It can be carried out with the participation of both states and international intergovernmental organizations, but not international public organizations.
 The subject of international legal relations in the field of health care can only be that international organization that is endowed by its member states with special competence, defined in its charter. The term “international intergovernmental organization” is not synonymous with the term “international public organization”.
 The participation of non-governmental legal entities in activities in the field of health care does not contradict the norms of international law, however, they are not subjects of international legal relations in the field of health care, because they are not endowed by the states with special competence, which would be determined in their statute.

“Grant Us the Spirit of Solidarity”: Social Traditionalism as a Task

The article highlights The Ideology of Social Traditionalism (Social Tradition), the scientifi c manifesto by Professor Alexander Shchipkov, in the context of the history of Russian religious and so- cial thought. The Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church (2000), The Russian Doctrine (2005), the fourth political theory developed in a number of papers by Alexander Dugin, as well as the study “Empire” (2022) by Konstantin Malofeev repre- sent the ideological model of social traditionalism as an adaptation of the socio-eschatological concept “Moscow, the Third Rome” to the modern socio-political reality. Social traditionalism is represented as a successful ideological experience of removing the historical an- tinomies of the Russian statehood in order to organically build its continuity originating not only from the Soviet Union, but also from the Russian Empire and the Muscovite Kingdom. The synthesis of socialist ideas in the economy (and — even more broadly — the ideas of social justice) and Christian conservative value paradigms is not an innovation, the article says. To prove its statement, it uses the example of Catholic solidarism among others. At the same time, the social-traditionalist ideological construction by Professor Alexander Shchipkov is seen as one of the most successful, philosophically re- fl ected and doctrinally formalized documents. Despite the existing conceptual contradictions, which are inevitable in conditions when many defi nitions in the scientifi c manifesto The Ideology of Social Traditionalism (Social Tradition) acquire new content, and the author of the manifesto proposes a number of neologisms being his own terminology. The article also gives an independent example of activi- ties performed by the international public organization World Russian People’s Council, one of the Deputy Heads of which is Alexander Shchipkov. Among today’s key tasks of the World Russian People’s Council is the comprehension and formulation of the Russian sover- eign ideology, which would be based on Orthodoxy. At this stage, this ideology remains “a task rather than a givenness”, including for the experts of the World Russian People’s Council, whose activity is coordinated, among others, by Professor Shchipkov. And the scien- tifi c manifesto The Ideology of Social Traditionalism (Social Tradition) is seen as important prolegomenon to this ideology.

VII Международный Золотоордынский Форум «Цивилизационное значение принятия ислама Волжской Булгарией и Золотой Ордой: интеграционные процессы в средневековой истории России»

On December 14–16, 2022, Kazan traditionally became the venue for the VII International Golden Horde Forum, “The Civilizational Significance of the Adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde: Integration Processes in the Medieval History of Russia.” It was organized as part of the Republic’s plan of main events dedicated to the 1100th anniversary of the adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria. The organizers of the forum were the M.A. Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde and the Tatar Khanates of Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan, and the International Public Organization, “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde.” The forum was the most important conference on the study of the history of the Golden Horde and its successors, and it brought together many leading domestic and foreign researchers. About 70 scientists from Russia, Turkey, Israel, Serbia, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Kazakhstan took part in the forum. This time, the attention of historians was drawn to the following sets of questions: sources and source study of the Golden Horde and the Tatar khanates, problems and prospects; the adoption and spread of Islam in Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde; Islam and the civilization of the Golden Horde; Muslims in Rus’ during the period of the Golden Horde, presence, perception, relations, and influence; post-Horde khanates as Islamic Wilayats, ethnocultural and social dimensions; Tatar khanates as Islamic yurts, ethnocultural and social dimensions; military culture of the Ulus of Jochi, weapons, wars, and battles. Within the framework of the VII International Golden Horde Forum, round tables were organized. Following the results of the conference, a general resolution of the forum was formed and approved.

ВОЛОНТЕРСКИЕ СООБЩЕСТВА В РЕШЕНИИ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГРУПП ДЕЙСТВИЯ (ACTION GROUPS)

The article details the role of volunteer communities fulfilling government orders and reducing the severity of many social problems, taking a comprehensive approach to their solution. Examples of the work of the Action Groups of the international public organization Rotary for many years, which have had a significant impact on the eradication of such dangerous diseases as polio and malaria, are presented. It is told about their efforts in educational work, leading to an understanding of the population of countries in which diseases are common, about the need for a comprehensive approach to solving these problems.

ВОЛОНТЕРСКИЕ СООБЩЕСТВА В РЕШЕНИИ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГРУПП ДЕЙСТВИЯ (ACTIONGROUPS)

The article details the role of volunteer communities fulfilling government orders and reducing the severity of many social problems, taking a comprehensive approach to their solution. Examples of the work of the Action Groups of the international public organization Rotary for many years, which have had a significant impact on the eradication of such dangerous diseases as polio and malaria, are presented. It is told about their efforts in educational work, leading to an understanding of the population of countries in which diseases are common, about the need for a comprehensive approach to solving these problems.

Evolution of Participation in International Organization

The misapprehension that, because of its isolationist tradition and rejection of the League of Nations, the United States eschewed the joining of multipartite public international organizations prior to World War II is controverted by historical evidence. Except for noninvolvement in Europe's alliances prior to the 1940s, infact, the United States has participated enthusiastically in multilateral as well as bilateral international agencies in which it has a vital interest or which it regards as beneficial in implementing its foreign relations.

THE FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF REPRESENTATION OF STATES IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF A UNIVERSAL CHARACTER

The development of International relations have rapidly since the signing of Westphalia Treaty in 1648. The relationship are not only between States but also by public international organizations (Inter Governmental Organizations). After the Second World War, the establishment of the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies and Other Organs has encouraged the intensive of international cooperation and the making of treaties as a source of international law. The United Nations and its Special Agencies and Other Organs is often called as an international organization of a universal character. Both States members and non-States members establish cooperation with this universal international organization. The existence of State representation in a universal international organization with a universal character is very important for strengthening the cooperation between States and international organizations.

THE FAMINE OF 1921-1922 IN NORTH KAZAKHSTAN: UNSTUDIED PAGES

The article is devoted to the unknown pages of the struggle against hunger in Northern Kazakhstan in 1921-1922 on the example of Akmola and Kostanay provinces. In the article, the author reveals the causes and consequences of the famine of 1921-1922 in Northern Kazakhstan. Here, in comparison with other affected regions, there was a big problem in the issue of food supply due to the large number of livestock deaths and several lean years. The causes of famine in Kazakhstan were the crop failure of 1921, caused by drought and locusts, lack of grain and excessive pumping of it in 1920, as well as the civil war on its territory in 1918-1920. All these reasons and the death of cattle from jute in 1920-1921 led to the utter devastation of agriculture in the republic. The famine in the Kazakh steppe was aggravated as a result of the Bolshevik government policy, when the so-called surplus agricultural products were selected and exported by food detachments, as well as due to radical changes in the economic structure and a reduction in the number of livestock among the Kazakh population. The article analyzes the demographic losses of the region, as well as studies the work of provincial commissions and public international organizations to combat hunger and its consequences.

Обзор деятельности Московского дискуссионного клуба Международной общественной организации «Ассоциация исследователей Золотой Орды»

This article is a brief overview of the activities of the Moscow discussion club of the International Public Organization “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”. The Moscow discussion club began its work only in the spring of 2021. Within its framework, more than a dozen different events were held in online and offline formats, from thematic reports to presentations of new publications on the theme of the Golden Horde. Within the framework of this article, we will not only provide a list of such scientific events over the entire existence of the Moscow discussion club of the International Public Organization “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”, but also offer a report about the content of certain reports, and identify the features of research that were represented during the activities of the department. We will also propose a work plan for the Moscow discussion club up to the end of 2022, accepting, of course, that there may be some changes. We hope with this article to attract the interest of a wide range of researchers of the history of the Golden Horde to, first of all, the very fact of the existence of the “Association of Resear­chers of the Golden Horde”. Secondly, we hope to intensify joint cooperation in populari­zing the study of the history of the Golden Horde and its heritage, building contacts between researchers and holding various future scientific events, including within the framework of work by the Moscow discussion club of the “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”.

Обзор деятельности Воронежского клуба международной общественной организации «Ассоциация исследователей Золотой Орды»

The review presents the results of the work of the Voronezh Club of the International Public Organization “Association of researchers of the Golden Horde”, the functioning of which began to be carried out from the moment of opening in January 2021 (thus, the description of the activity for a period of about a year of time is given). The prerequisites and reasons for the opening of a club with a center in Voronezh (along with centers in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Crimea and foreign branches: European, Kazakh and Turkish) are noted. The main meetings organized and conducted by the club, as well as events in which club members actively participated, were noted. The given overview of the club’s activities and analysis of the results and prospects of the community’s work allows us to highlight the fact that the educational and scientific-educational direction has become a feature of the functioning of the Voronezh Club. An important event of the club’s activity was the initiative to hold a contest of scientific reviews, the results of which will be summed up already within the framework of activities in the next cycle of the club’s functioning.

Роль і діяльність міжнародних громадських організацій по захисту навколишнього середовища. Правові питання

Важливе значення у підвищенні ефективності екологічної політики та формуванні екологічної культури має активізація природоохоронної діяльності громадян, масових громадських організацій і рухів. У статті проаналізована діяльність міжнародних та українських громадських організацій та досліджені основні чинники, що перешкоджають здійсненню права громадян на безпечне життя і здорове довкілля.

Социально-экологические, правовые и экономические аспекты изучения содержания тяжелых металлов в продуктах потребления в Республике Таджикистан в контексте развития крупных городов страны

In 2021-2022, with the support of the Pure Land public international organization the Peshsaf Public Association launched the project to investigate the content of toxic metals in consumer goods in Tajikistan’s large cities, mainly focusing on lead. Lead and its compounds are widely used for manufacturing foods, paints and varnishes, as well as toys. This threatens the life and health of large cities – the main users of such consumer goods. The study covered the markets of Tajikistan and entailed purchasing sample products and testing them for lead content in local laboratory conditions. The article presents the research results, as well as corresponding conclusions and recommendations, including the outcomes of legal, economic and methodological content analysis.methodological content analysis.

COVID-19 Public Health Guidance Database

Abstract Background Since March 2020, members of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) team in HIQA have been identifying, reviewing and presenting COVID-19 public health guidance produced by international organisations. The aim of this work has been to inform the development of public health guidance and policy by the Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Department of Health and Health Service Executive (HSE), using international evidence and best practice. Methods International resources are searched on a weekly basis to identify new or updated public health guidance on COVID-19. The three distinct steps in the process include, searching relevant international resources, reviewing identified relevant public health guidance for COVID-19, and presenting new or updated guidance in a COVID-19 Public Health Guidance Database, which was created by the team using Microsoft Excel. The international organisations reviewed include the World Health Organisation, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a range of ministries of health and public health agencies from 10 countries. These were chosen, based on guidance being available in English, widespread use of the organisation's advice, and/or the working constraints of the HTA team. Results The COVID-19 Public Health Guidance Database is updated weekly and provided to the relevant individuals within HPSC, Department of Health, and HSE, who are responsible for developing public health and infection, prevention and control guidance related to COVID-19 in Ireland. Following this the database is published online and may be utilised by the public or other international organisations. Conclusions The COVID-19 Public Health Guidance Database is used to inform the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically, to inform the development of public health and infection, prevention and control guidance to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

7.C. Workshop: Dashboards for COVID-19: Lessons learned

Visual analytics dashboards illustrate analytic processes, compiling huge amounts of data to visualize trends and occurrences, aiming to present both specialists and the general public with critical information using a quick and efficient modality. The resulting views, that could comprise graphs, time lines, different kinds of charts and diagrams or maps, can be shared with many users and stakeholders, and are meant to help to better communicate statistics, actionable results and disseminate information. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw an emergence and rapid development of analytical dashboards for epidemiological and public health monitoring purposes. They were initiated by public health institutes, academia, media outlets, international organisations and/or citizen initiatives, and were generally open to all interested parties, both inside and outside the public health field. Public, web-based COVID-19 dashboards allow for communication on a large scale, to and between data providers and public health organizations, and to citizens, journalists and special interest groups, such as patient organisations and have therefore been widely adopted during the pandemic. The plethora of such dashboards (around 200 in April 2021) have showcased the limitations and difficulties inherent in the format, which may be related to the differing rationales, the heterogeneous definitions and widely varying choice of indicators that are included, along with shifting practices over the waves of the pandemic, from diagnosis to testing to vaccination rates. This has highlighted the need for collaboration between public health authorities, the field of medical informatics and academic groups when developing epidemic dashboard tools opened to a large public. This workshop will address the theoretical aspects behind the use of visual analytical dashboards. We will show examples of dashboards, with the goal of understanding and comparing the main reasons driving their development, maintenance and improvements. We will show how the choices of indicators, the access to data, the technology used as well as how time pressure and expectations, including from policy makers, were handled. Finally, we will make recommendations on how existing dashboards, both pre- and post COVID-19, can be adapted to handle the data needs of the next international incident or pandemic, and also look at the broader picture, namely he policies underlying the whole picture.Key messages Dashboards are a useful tool, used extensively to support decision-making during the COVID-19 crisis.These dashboards must be fine-tuned to make policy response possible.

Psychological rehabilitation programs in the context of state support for ATO/OOS veterans

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of psychological rehabilitation of anti-terrorist operation/environmental protection veterans, the challenges facing the state in the process of returning combatants to a peaceful life. The input of the theoretical analysis of research in the field of psychological rehabilitation of ATO / OOS veterans in the context of state support states that a single program has not been developed. The purpose of the work is to determine certain areas of activity of state structures and international public organizations to provide psychological assistance to veterans of the ATO / OOS. To date, Ukraine has adopted a number of laws that determine the social and legal protection of servicemen and members of their families, as well as regulate the procedure for psychological rehabilitation. The Ministry of Veterans Affairs has developed programs based on foreign experience, as well as international charitable foundations to improve methods of psychological rehabilitation. Thus, in 2019, within the framework of the UNFPA Ukraine program, a pilot project of mobile brigades of social and psychological assistance to participants in the anti-terrorist operation / environmental protection and members of their families was launched, which showed a positive result. The main purpose of the mobile brigade was to identify and provide emergency and planned social and psychological assistance to participants in the ATO / OOS and their families. Among the main tasks of the mobile team were: ensuring the availability of social and psychological assistance to veterans who cannot overcome the crisis on their own or seek help; crisis and emergency intervention and support to veterans and their families in order to resolve the crisis; providing peer-to-peer services according to individual needs in order to improve the conditions of integration, socialization and overcoming difficult life circumstances. The results of the study show that state programs are developed taking into account both physical and psychological rehabilitation of ATO / OOS veterans, but there are problems in the field of individual work. The implementation of international experience and the organization of pilot projects to provide psychological assistance to veterans and their families contribute to overcoming this problem.

Harnessing Public Institutions for Labour Law Enforcement

The paper explores how to integrate a Transnational Labour Inspectorate (‘TLI’) dealing with transnational private instruments of Multinational Enterprises (‘MNEs’) into the International Labour Organization (‘ILO’). After exploring monitoring initiatives with roots in public international organizations, we will argue that from an international law perspective on international legal personality such activities can be justified. Under the qualification of ‘subject normation’, as we dub these activities, we will argue that the ILO is the best situated locus to embed a system to inspect commitments MNEs voluntary adhere to in their CSR strategies, including Global Framework Agreements. Finally, we explain how the TLI as we envisage it could fit within the existing system of enforcement and compliance monitoring of the ILO.

Article Withdrawal by ASERS Publishing - Fraudulent double submission and legal limitations - Economic Aspects of Human Capital Development in the Context of Renewable Energy

The article discusses the economic aspects of human capital development in the context of the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are part of alternative energy sources, which also include non-renewable energy resources that are extracted or processed by non-traditional methods. Solar and wind energy are particularly actively developing, from an environmental point of view, the most acceptable and convenient for use in rural areas. Regarding the long-term prospects for the development of renewable energy in the world, there are a large number of diverse forecasts made by various methods, both by research and by government and by international public organizations.

Стратегический анализ трендов на рынке труда старшего поколения

Modern society is faced with the negative impact on the economies of population ageing, therefore there is an urgent need to develop a strategy for silver economy. A long-term strategy will help to avoid or to reduce the negative effects that are caused by population ageing, as well as to help to use opportunities that will have a positive effect on the development of the economy as a whole. One of the areas associated with the ageing population that needs to be developed is the labor market for the older workers. Due to increase of the retirement age as in Russia and as in other countries this topic is particularly relevant. Creating conditions of work, changing attitudes towards the elderly, their health, retraining, development of technologies that contribute to the improvement of the labor infrastructure are integral directions for strategic development. It is also necessary to pay attention to the specific vector of development of labor market, which is moving towards the automatization of technology and job cuts, which rather complicates the process of introducing the elderly to the labor market. All of the above areas should be considered when writing a long-term strategy for the development of a labor market for the elderly. The aim of the work is to identify existing trends in labor market for older workers in foreign countries and in Russia. The goal was achieved by analyzing international documents, scientific monographs, official data of state statistics of various countries, ministries of labor, health, internal affairs, and reports of international public organizations. The article discusses general demographic trends, the experience of using the labor potential of older people in Indonesia, Japan, the USA and Russia, reveals global strategic trends in the labor market for older people. The data reflect heterogeneity of attitudes towards older people in labor market in different countries. The rate of protection of elder from dismissal and discrimination is also multiple-valued. For the successful development of labor market and support of high quality of life, it is necessary to create a regulatory framework that will protect older employees, establish government policy and change the culture of perception of older people.

Decentralized Business Models: Impact of blockchain technology on business model generation

Even though blockchain technology, since its first presentation in the Bitcoin whitepaper, has received lots of attention from both individuals, or private and public international organizations, its development has not always been enthusiastically welcomed and often created more confusion than expected. Albeit currently almost everyone agrees that blockchain is (technology-wise) the great successor of the Internet, its tremendous potential is also highly challenging. Growing number of various constructs utilizing blockchain technology in a very innovative manner have emerged. However, they have also created a complex ecosystem with many initiatives being far away from the original blockchain proposition. As a result, it has become crucial to understand what blockchain technology has to offer, what kind of impact it could have on existing businesses, and whether blockchain allows new business models to be created. The aim of this paper is to discuss and evaluate both the blockchain’s potential, as well as its limitations and its implications for development and generation of business models.