International Practitioners Research Articles

Chinese Accounting Standards Convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards

As the global economy becomes more integrated, Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) are gradually moving towards convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). So far, CAS and IFRS do still have a number of variations including content, format and setup mechanisms. This paper analyzes three main differences in the content between CAS and IFRS regarding the financial instrument, biological asset, and lease measurement. These differences may cause problems for international practitioners and investors. In addition, the paper discusses the influences of the global convergence of CAS and the challenges faced by the technology industry, listed companies, and government. It is recommended that China need to consider the domestic economic situation and policies when adopting IFRS, and properly adjust the content of the standard accordingly, so as to better meet the domestic needs and development prospects. And industries should balance convergence and market challenges and work together to shape a practical and comprehensive China accounting system to enable China to develop globally further.

Optimization of social-ecological fit in China's Sousa Chinensis protected areas based on modified Moran's I

Global social-ecological fit challenges require generalized methods that quantify the degree of human-nature matching to identify and optimize common problems in the world's coasts and oceans. Despite progress in depicting social-ecological interdependency, focus is less on measuring universally applicable and quantitatively comparable fit. By reviewing international marine protected areas' fit problems and transforming qualitative subgraphs to quantitative submatrices, the modified Moran's I can measure social-ecological fit in worldwide scenarios. As an example, results of China's 6 Sousa chinensis marine protected areas include: (1) Quantitative calculations aligned with qualitative motifs, indicating a gradient of fit degrees and motif types; (2) Fit degree was significant at the 95% confidence level after of 10,000 randomizations; (3) Fit degrees could be predicted with over 90% accuracy by common network attributes including betweenness centrality, clustering centrality, degree centrality and eigenvector centrality in 10,000 cross-validations; (4) The development pathway, stages and resilience of fit were presented. Fit problems and solutions were categorized into four groups based on the fit degrees. Governance insights for international practitioners include enhancing access to ecological resources through strengthening connections, avoiding overexploitation of resources via values creation, and following the adaptation-transformation pathway in co-management programs. Without any environmental restrictions and species specifications, the mathematically defined indicator of fit can be applied to other social-ecological systems to offer optimization strategies locally and internationally.

Internationale Perspektiven in der Kontaktlinsenanpassung

Purpose. Contact lenses are global health care products (medical devices) and are fitted routinely in many countries. Key indications for contact lenses are the correction of ametropias, myopia progression control, and cosmetic reasons, occasionally also therapeutic applications. The article is based on a lecture that was presented at the VDCO Sichtkontakte Conference in Berlin 2023. The purpose of this article was to provide an insight into international aspects of contact lens fitting to allow comparisons with contact lens fitting practice in predominantly German-speaking countries and to strengthen the evidence base. Material and Methods. Subjective non-representative selection of relevant literature. Results. Assessments of international practitioner fitting preferences are conducted frequently. Contact lens related research is being commonly carried out with the aim to optimise clinical care and to reduce drop-out rates. There are considerable geographical differences in contact lens fitting practice as well as in the assessment of opportunities and risks associated with contact lens practice among practitioners. Conclusion. Practitioners in Europe hold largely positive views of opportunities and risks in relation to contact lens practice. The published literature indicates that the areas of ortho-K and myopia control are being considered to present promising opportunities for contact lens practice. Further strengthening of the scientific evidence base, e.g. in relation to novel contact lens materials, is preferable to support advancements in contact lens care. Keywords International contact lens market, orthokeratology, therapeutic contact lenses, myopia control

Motivational drivers and Sense of Belonging: unpacking the persistence in Chinese Martial Arts practice among international practitioners.

Chinese Martial Arts (CMAs) have garnered a global following, with their rich historical and cultural heritage transcending geographical and cultural differences, sparking profound interest among an international community. As an increasing number of non-Chinese individuals persist in practicing CMAs, investigating the motivations behind their continued participation has emerged as a compelling question. This study aims to delve deeper into the factors driving international practitioners to sustain their practice of CMAs, thereby broadening our understanding of the global resonance of CMAs. Employing Self-Determination Theory, 226 international CMAs practitioners completed the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale, Perceived Belonging Scale, and Persistence in Practicing CMAs Scale. SPSS 20.0 was utilized for conducting descriptive statistics, common method bias tests, and correlation analyses. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS 26.0. Motivation for Practicing CMAs, comprised of enjoyment, mastery, physical condition, psychological condition, and appearance, has a positive impact on Persistence in Practicing CMAs (β = 0.297, p < 0.01). Sense of Belonging also positively affects Persistence in Practicing CMAs (β = 0.268, p < 0.01). The aforementioned variables account for 22.1% of the variance in Persistence in Practicing CMAs. Furthermore, Affiliation, Competition/Ego, and Others' Expectations were found to have no significant correlation with Persistence in Practicing CMAs. The formation of persistence in the practice of CMAs among international practitioners is propelled by their ongoing desire for skill mastery, enjoyment, enhanced physical and mental health, body shape improvement, and a Sense of Belonging. The study reveals that a stronger motivation and Sense of Belonging significantly enhance their commitment to CMAs. Recommendations include that international instructors should center their teaching strategies around the practitioners, helping them to find joy in their practice, achieve skill mastery, and foster the development of physical, mental, and aesthetic qualities, alongside virtues and etiquette. Additionally, building a supportive CMAs community and cultivating a sense of ritual are essential. Such strategies are intended to reinforce practitioners' self-affirmation and group identity, thus boosting their Sense of Belonging and encouraging their continued engagement in CMAs.

Analyzing the Dynamics: EU and UN Perspectives on the African Union

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics between the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) in their interactions with the African Union (AU). Recognizing the AU's pivotal role in addressing Africa's challenges, the study investigates historical trajectories, policies, and key priorities shaping EU and UN perspectives on the AU. Through a multi-methodological approach, including document review and comparative analysis, it explores areas of convergence, divergence, and potential conflicts in their approaches, shedding light on implications for the AU's development and international relations. Tracing the historical evolution of EU-AU and UN-AU relations, pivotal moments such as the Cotonou Agreement and the establishment of the UN Office to the African Union (UNOAU) are highlighted. Analysis reveals shared objectives in peace, security, sustainable development, and governance, with nuanced differences in emphasis and approach. While areas of alignment exist, particularly in peacekeeping and sustainable development goals, divergences emerge in governance, human rights, and economic relations, posing challenges to collaboration.Case studies, including joint peacekeeping missions in Mali and development initiatives in Eastern Africa, offer insights into successes, challenges, and lessons learned, informing recommendations for future collaborations. Opportunities for enhanced cooperation, such as joint capacity-building initiatives and aligned development programs, are identified.The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of EU and UN perspectives on the AU, providing insights into their implications for Africa's development. Recommendations for improvements in coordination mechanisms, communication channels, and decision-making processes are proposed to enhance effectiveness. Future research avenues include evaluating economic partnerships' impacts and exploring innovative funding models to unlock transformative impact on the African continent. Ultimately, this analysis informs policymakers and international practitioners, fostering constructive partnerships for Africa's stability, prosperity, and sustainable development.

‘Don't just magically assume you're going to get better as a therapist as time goes on’: An exploration of the use of deliberate practice

AbstractPurposeDeliberate practice (DP) is an emerging concept in counselling and psychotherapy research that can be used to effectively help practitioners develop a host of therapy skills and processes. However, to date, no studies have examined its use in naturalistic settings with professionally qualified practitioners.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis was employed with a purposive sample of international practitioners who were using DP in naturalistic settings. The sample consisted of therapists (N = 6) from five different countries, identifying as male (N = 5) and female (N = 1).ResultsSix categories were developed from qualitative interviews: (1) motivation for engaging in DP; (2) the impact of definition and operationalisation; (3) what to practice; (4) how to practice DP; (5) use of supports to develop DP; and (6) the emotional impact of DP. Deliberate practice is still in its infancy, and its definition may not translate into psychotherapy without modification. Participants described using DP to develop a host of psychotherapy skills and processes, and found support structures such as supervision and peers as helpful in the DP process. However, DP was also described as challenging to practice and it can cause those engaging in it to feel vulnerable and distressed. Implications are discussed for practice and future research.ConclusionDeliberate practice is an emerging method used by practitioners to improve their skill acquisition. However, a lack of consensus on its key features may limit the extent of its dissemination and utility to practitioners in naturalistic settings. Further research should seek to provide a definition of DP more consistent with the practice of psychotherapy, and how to operationalise DP using methods that are inclusive for all practitioners whilst acknowledging the potential impact it can have on their sense of self.

Urban (UMaaS) and rural (RMaaS) mobility as a service (MaaS): practical insights from international practitioners and experts

The concept and potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has been the subject of significant debate in academia and industry for nearly a decade. There are several city-based Mobility as a Service (MaaS) pilots globally. There remains a significant lack of practitioner evidence of MaaS with the focus on city-based solutions rather than in rural and suburban areas. To that end, this paper asks four research questions to contribute to the gap in Rural MaaS (RMaaS) and Urban MaaS (UMaaS); firstly, is MaaS a mobility option for rural areas given the identified evidence in scientific literature? Secondly, how do practitioner experiences with MaaS (in all areas) differ considering factors like phraseology, geography, available modes, transportation, the origin and implementation stages? Thirdly, what practical learnings can be drawn from practitioners in the field? Fourthly, what is the future of MaaS for rural and urban areas. The research and findings are based upon grey literature and twenty semi-structured interviews with representatives from research or government organisations, public bodies, MaaS technology suppliers, transport operators and experts. Each participant discussed and contributed to the practicalities around real-world applications of MaaS in urban, regional, or rural areas. The analysis produced 2 applied tools which will be useful to practitioners interested in MaaS; a Thematic Map visualising the common matters emerging from the interviews revolving around ‘People, Policy, Practice and Pilots (4Ps); a Practical Framework for Implementing MaaS tool, which can be used by any practitioner at any stage of a MaaS project.

Neonatal epidermolysis bullosa: a clinical practice guideline.

DEBRA International is undertaking a long-term initiative to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for epidermolysis bullosa (EB), to -improve the clinical care of people living with EB. Current neonatal care is based on evidence, clinical expertise and trial and error, with collaboration between the EB specialist team, parent or carer and patient, and is dependent on the neonate's individual presentation and type of EB. Early intervention based on research and clinical practice is needed to establish a foundation of knowledge to guide international practitioners to create and improve standards of care and to be able to work effectively with those newly diagnosed with EB. This CPG was created by an international panel with expertise working with persons with EB. The CPG focuses on neonatal care using a systematic review methodology covering four key areas: (i) diagnosis and parental psychosocial support; (ii) hospital management: medical monitoring, wound care and pain; (iii) feeding and nutrition; and (iv) discharge planning and EB education. These four areas highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach, to provide a patient-specific holistic care model that incorporates the needs and wishes of the parents and carers. The Hospital Implementation Tool included promotes transfer of theory to clinical practice.

СЕРВІСНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КОМПАНІЙ ЯК КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ПРИБУТКІВ У СФЕРІ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

This article examines the methods of increasing the profit of companies due to the improvement of the quality of services provided, using the example of agricultural companies. In the context of scientific research, serviceability refers to issues of efficiency, quality of service, interaction with customers in various areas of business. Research into aspects of serviceability allows you to determine the strategic direction of the company's development for scaling, increasing profits, attracting new and retaining existing customers. Methods of increasing customer loyalty were considered and a comparison of approaches to service of Ukrainian companies with international practices of other countries was made. Considered methods of assessing serviceability. The main aspects of serviceability, scientific approaches to the provision of administrative services from international practitioners have been studied. The scheme of indicators that affect the long-term perspective is shown, and what place customer loyalty occupies in it. It is important to take into account changes in the conditions of market competition and consumer preferences when researching aspects of serviceability. The development of technologies also plays a significant role in the formation of the service strategy of companies. New innovations, such as artificial intelligence, data analysis and others, allow us to automate service processes, providing faster, more efficient and personalized service for customers. Along with this, it is important to take into account cultural and geographical differences in the perception of the service. What may be a successful approach in one country or region may not work in another. Therefore, adapting service strategies to local conditions and consumer needs is a key aspect of companies' development. Another important direction is the constant monitoring and updating of service standards of companies. The world is changing rapidly, and what was effective yesterday may no longer meet today's market needs. Therefore, it is important to have mechanisms to constantly collect feedback from customers and quickly respond to their changing needs and expectations. In light of these factors, companies should consider service as a strategic component of their business. Investing in improving service quality and meeting customer needs can be critical to increasing competitiveness and profitability in the long run.

BUNG KARNO'S SPEECH, UNESCO AND INDONESIAN DIPLOMACY

The contextuality of world civilization today presents a portrait of relations between countries that are less harmonious. The Covid-19 pandemic, which should have been a momentum for the unity of countries in the world, has actually sparked sharp conflict between the United States and China. On the other hand, the Russian and Ukrainian war opened our understanding that there was a wrong global construction that fueled Russia's "coercive and unilateral" behavior towards its own neighboring countries. Globalization has made problems in a country or region develop into global issues. It is at this point that Indonesia can make its contribution. With the designation of Bung Karno's speech entitled "To Build the World A New" as Memory of the World, it became easier for the international public to access the text archive of the speech as a reference for developing studies related to UNESCO's field of work. Archives are only archives if they are only stored in bookshelves and documents. The aim of this research is to answer the research question: How to "animate" Indonesian historical archives so that they benefit the world? and How to capitalize on these historical documents for the interests of Indonesian diplomacy? This study uses a qualitative method. The analysis was carried out by interpreting the data based on the literature study. Data were collected from previous reference journals, books, and news from internet sources. This study concludes, Pancasila can become an international reference. This is because the text of the speech is open for use by researchers, academics and international practitioners in studying Pancasila as a philosophical and political discipline, whose values are very relevant for mediating socio-cultural conflicts.

The Liechtenstein Anstalt—the legal chameleon’s mystery unveiled

Abstract Just like the Liechtenstein foundation, the anstalt is a true legal chameleon among the Liechtenstein company forms, fulfilling purposes that range from those commonly pursued by corporate bodies to purposes pursued by private foundations. This year’s editorial explains and contrasts the basic concept of the Liechtenstein anstalt, which more often than not puzzles domestic and international practitioners alike, and points out why the correct classification of an anstalt is essential.

Forensic and Expert Social Anthropological Practice: An Introduction

ABSTRACT This special issue of Anthropological Forum presents a collection of articles by international practitioners of forensic and expert social anthropology (FESA), and related areas of law. The forensic and expert specialisation of social anthropology focuses on the provision of evidence to legal-administrative processes overseen by courts and other legally empowered organisations, where human social culture is deemed an important factor. Social anthropology, as a field of expertise that studies links between culturally specific, collectively held ideas and observable patterns of social interaction, is an appropriate source of evidence for such processes. However, the field in general does not necessarily confer the specific training, study and experience required by the highly probative demands of presiding authorities. To address this gap, FESA advances a range of legally relevant concepts, objective investigative and analytical methods, and justice-oriented ethical principles. FESA applies this three-part focus consistently in its engagement both with legal-administrative processes and with the communities and individuals who seek justice using those processes, many of whom are marginalised within the national populations to which they belong. Contributors to this special issue have backgrounds working in Australia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa and Europe. Variation between the legal-administrative regimes in each of these regions highlights both FESA’s universal relevance, and its emerging coherence as a specialist field. The articles brought together in this special issue describe FESA practice under a range of legal-administrative regimes spanning Indigenous land claims, intellectual property disputes, cultural heritage preservation procedures, asylum claims and allegations of gender-based discrimination and genocide.

European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancer - Update 2023

BackgroundAs part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecological cancers across Europe, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) first published in 2017 evidence-based...

ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer – Update 2023*

In 2018, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) published evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer. Given the large body of new evidence addressing the management of cervical cancer, the three sister societies jointly decided to update these evidence-based guidelines. The update includes new topics to provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in cervical cancer.To serve on the expert panel (27 experts across Europe) ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in managing patients with cervical cancer and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, national and international engagement, profile, and dedication to the topics addressed. To ensure the statements were evidence based, new data identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 155 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.These updated guidelines are comprehensive and cover staging, management, follow-up, long-term survivorship, quality of life and palliative care. Management includes fertility sparing treatment, early and locally advanced cervical cancer, invasive cervical cancer diagnosed on a simple hysterectomy specimen, cervical cancer in pregnancy, rare tumors, recurrent and metastatic diseases. The management algorithms and the principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are also defined.

ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer – Update 2023*

In 2018, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) published evidence-based guidelines for...

ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer – Update 2023

In 2018, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) published evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer. Given the large body of new evidence addressing the management of cervical cancer, the three sister societies jointly decided to update these evidence-based guidelines. The update includes new topics to provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in cervical cancer.To serve on the expert panel (27 experts across Europe) ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in managing patients with cervical cancer and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, national and international engagement, profile, and dedication to the topics addressed. To ensure the statements were evidence based, new data identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 155 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.These updated guidelines are comprehensive and cover staging, management, follow-up, long-term survivorship, quality of life and palliative care. Management includes fertility sparing treatment, early and locally advanced cervical cancer, invasive cervical cancer diagnosed on a simple hysterectomy specimen, cervical cancer in pregnancy, rare tumors, recurrent and metastatic diseases. The management algorithms and the principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are also defined.

ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE Guidelines for the fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in EC in a multidisciplinary setting. While also addressing work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility sparing treatment. To define recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma. ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of EC (11 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives. The multidisciplinary development group formulated 48 recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma in four sections: patient selection, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and special issues. These recommendations provide guidance to professionals caring for women with endometrial carcinoma, including but not limited to professionals in the field of gynaecological oncology, onco-fertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, conservative surgery, and histopathology, and will help towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for this challenging clinical scenario. What is new? A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, ESHRE and ESGE, aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.

ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE Guidelines for the fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in EC in a multidisciplinary setting. While also addressing work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility sparing treatment. To define recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma. ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of EC (11 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives. The multidisciplinary development group formulated 48 recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma in four sections: patient selection, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and special issues. These recommendations provide guidance to professionals caring for women with endometrial carcinoma, including but not limited to professionals in the field of gynaecological oncology, onco-fertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, conservative surgery, and histopathology, and will help towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for this challenging clinical scenario. A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, ESHRE and ESGE, aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.

ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE Guidelines for the fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma, consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive information on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in endometrial carcinoma in a multidisciplinary setting. While addressing also work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility-sparing treatment.A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE), aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment (patient selection, tumor clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, special issues) in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of endometrial carcinoma (11 experts from across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified by a systematic search, was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.

Sand Therapy Standards

Identifying standards within sand therapy, a widely used therapeutic method, is of great importance and consequence. Standards need to be sufficiently specific and measurable, and broad enough to encompass all clinical theories and approaches. This article reports the findings of the first phase of a World Association of Sand Therapy Professionals research project, which includes survey data from current sand therapy practitioners. The gathered information provides a representative sample of a range of international practitioners who provide sand therapy as a mental health intervention. Findings point to the importance of education, experience, training, and supervision as well as a number of key personal characteristics. Understanding these important components and integrating them into credentialing programs will provide a solid base from which clinicians can strive toward and achieve proficiency within their sand therapy offerings.