International Operations Research Articles

STILL DIRTY: THE EFFECT OF GLOBAL RISKS AND DEVELOPMENT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOW

There needs to be more research on the global risks and developmental determinants of foreign direct investment inflow with green investment campaigns. This article presents new evidence covering 116 countries (2018–2020) using least squares regression. We show that ceteris paribus, higher perceived environmental and geopolitical risks are more likely to increase foreign direct investment. We also find that lower business environment, safety and security, and environmental sustainability increase foreign direct investment inflow. Meanwhile, foreign investment inflow increased positively according to price competitiveness, infrastructure quality, and natural resources. One development variable, information, and communication technology readiness, becomes significant when the analysis is performed only on developing countries. Economic risks, societal risks, technological risks, health and hygiene, human resources, and international openness are not significantly affecting investment inflow. An insightful theoretical implication regarding the finding is that some supports exist for the pollution haven hypothesis. Implications for practice include creating supportive policies that appreciate sustainable practices, such that investors are attracted to the country not as opportunistic polluters but as sustainability pioneers.

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

The healing effect of the all inside technique is superior to the traditional technique in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Our main objective was to examine the curative effect of all inside technique and traditional technique in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In our retrospective study at the First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, we analyzed 88 participants with ACL injuries (50 males, 38 females, average age 27 years). They were randomly divided into two groups: traditional ACL reconstruction (42 participants) and all inside ACL reconstruction (46 participants). We measured and recorded the Visual Analog Scores (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm scores, operation time, graft diameter and length between the traditional technique group and all inside technique group. There were statistically significant differences in the Lysholm scores and IKDC scores between traditional and all inside technique groups. The all inside technique showed a higher efficacy and effective post-operative recovery with minimal pain and recurrent injuries. Our findings showed that the differences in gender, age, side of injury and operation time were not significant (p> 0.05). Follow-up was conducted at 6 months and 12 months post operations (mean, 7.5 ± 1.1 months). All inside technique minimizing tissue disruption, optimizing graft placement and facilitating early recovery have a significant impact on patient outcomes.

Enhancing Smart Cities through Third-Party Logistics: Predicting Delivery Intensity

This article addresses the key and current issues of smart cities in the context of last-mile supply management. Specifically, it explores how third-party logistics (3PL) activities impact last-mile delivery management in smart cities. It examines how 3PL affects delivery volumes, expanding the predictive capabilities of logistics operators. A research question included in the Introduction of this paper is also posed to explore the problem in depth. The research conducted focuses mainly on a case study conducted on the operations of an international 3PL logistics operator. In addition, predictive methods are used to analyse the shipment volume data for individual barcodes in the two analysed cities in Poland. Currently, the concept of a smart city assumes the limited participation of logistics operators in creating improvements for cities. The case study analysis shows that in the cities studied, 3PL companies, through predictive actions, can regulate the flow of vehicles out of the logistics centre and into the city, thus influencing the traffic volume in the city. The research is limited to two cities in Poland implementing smart city solutions and one logistics operator. The research also does not include e-commerce. The authors acknowledge that the results obtained cannot be generalised to a larger scale. This paper bridges the research gap on 3PL activities for last-mile logistics improvements. In addition, the paper proposes the first concept related to the implementation of a 3PL company’s predictive activities associated with the operator’s ability to control the impact on urban traffic.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ КРИПТОВАЛЮТ ЯК ЗАСОБУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ПЛАТЕЖІВ: АНАЛІЗ ВАРТОСТІ, ШВИДКОСТІ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ ТРАНЗАКЦІЙ

This article focuses on the effectiveness of using cryptocurrencies as a means for international payments, with an emphasis on the analysis of cost, speed, and security of transactions. The aim of the study is to explore the potential of blockchain technologies to optimize international financial operations. This research considers the performance of cryptocurrencies in international payments, focusing on an analysis of cost, speed, and security of transactions, utilizing data from various sources and case studies. Blockchain technologiessuch as Ripple and Solana demonstrate high throughput, capable of processing up to 65,000 transactions per second (TPS).In comparison, traditional banking systems offer significantly lower processing speeds, withBitcoin handling around 7 TPS and Ethereum up to 15 TPS. The anticipated Ethereum 2.0 network upgrade projects an increase to 100,000 TPS, significantly enhancing their potential in international payments. Traditional banking transactions can incur fees of up to $50 USD, whereas blockchain networks can reduce costs to less than $0.01 per transaction. The implementation of distributed ledger technology could save up to $27 billion by 2030 on international transactions. According to research, the average cost of an international remittance is 6.4% of a $200 transaction, indicating the potential for significantsavingsthrough the adoption of cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency payments are protected using cryptographic methods and decentralization, reducing the risks of fraud and attacks. By adhering to "privacy by default" principles, transaction confidentiality can be further enhanced, including generating new addresses for each transaction. Regular security audits and multi-factor authentication provide an additional layer of protection. It can be asserted that blockchain technology offers significant advantages in speed, cost, and security of transactions, which could radically transform the landscape of international trade and financial transfers. The practical significance of the research lies in identifying the potential of cryptocurrencies as a reliable, cost-effective, and secure tool for international payments, which may alter the global money transfer system.

SİHA’ların Muharebe Etkinliğini Artırmak: Kapsamlı Askeri ve Teknolojik Sistemlere Entegrasyon İçin Alternatif Bir Analiz

While the use of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in both international military operations and internal security operations has been increasing in recent years, debates on the role of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in the international relations literature remain limited. While some experts consider armed unmanned aerial vehicle technology as a groundbreaking or game-changing development, others argue that the impact of this technological development is limited. This study presents an alternative assessment and new suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of armed unmanned aerial vehicles in conflict zones without positioning this study on any side of the ongoing debate in the literature. This study argues that armed drones should be supported by skilled military experts and modern military and electronic systems in order to make them more effective in conflicts. In order to test the accuracy of this hypothesis, this study examines Türkiye’s intervention in the Libyan Civil War, Türkiye’s Operation Spring Shield in Syria’s Idlib province, and Türkiye’s cooperation with Azerbaijan in the 44-day Patriotic War as case studies. Ultimately, the case studies uphold the hypothesis that the deployment of skilled military experts and modern military and electronic systems to support drones in combat increases their effectiveness.

International trade and investment: A review and research agenda

AbstractInternational trade and investment have always been an epicenter of research, and with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a surge in the publication of review articles focusing on different facets of trade and investment has been observed, but a comprehensive retrospective review of international trade and investment remains scarce. To address this gap, a systematic literature review of 30 articles published in A* and A ranked journals, along with performance analysis and science mapping of 720 articles retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases using bibliometric analysis is done. Considering the dynamic nature of international trade and investment, the relationship between export policies and international trade influences the global landscape, which fosters mutually beneficial relationships leading to economic cooperation. Capitalizing on opportunities and mitigating risks associated with international investment is crucial for maintaining sustainable international business operations. Through these interconnected relationships, the research contributes to the understanding of the interdependent forces shaping the global economic paradigm in a unified manner. Moreover, the study provides future research directions and questions which are culled from the analysis and offer potential advancements in the field of international trade and investment.

Oil and Gas Production, Exports and Imports as Critical Business Internationalization Operations for companies in Globalization: An Analytical Approach

Oil and Gas Production, Exports and Imports as Critical Business Internationalization Operations for companies in Globalization: An Analytical Approach

Measuring Effectiveness of Islamic Studies Distance Education in The Digital Era at The International Open University (IOU) Indonesia

International Open University (IOU) is an international accredited campus that created new breakthrough by offering the concept of distance education since its inception. IOU is a pioneer in implementing distance learning with a concentration on Islamic Studies through digital media. Entering Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population, IOU opened a special Indonesian language program. This study is a form of Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) of Islamic Studies distance education through digitalization at the IOU Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used were observations, interviews, and literature review. The results of the study concluded that IOU Indonesia in some cases has its own independent program, but in general it is based on the central that has all the components of distance education through digitalization except for controls for students or graduates. IOU Indonesia also fulfills the basic principles of learning Islamic Studies.

On the issue of contour transformation of international settlements in the context of increasing geopolitical risks and fragmentation of the global financial and economic area

Subject. Given the increasing geopolitical risks, new approaches are needed to organize the contour of the international payment system, which ensures safety and reliability of international settlements Objectives. The article aims to assess the approaches of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems to creating models of international payment systems, propose a model for organization of international settlements for the Russian Federation, identify the specifics of the existing models of national payment systems of the Russian Federation and PRC for organization of interaction within the framework of the international payment system, evaluate prospects for joining the international payment system of other BRICS countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods. Results. Based on the specifics of restrictions on international operations of residents of the Russian Federation, the optimal solution to the problem is to create a closed international payment system on the basis of the payment system of the Bank of Russia, and gradually connect payment service providers from friendly jurisdictions to it, the most promising of which is the Chinese payment system CIPS. Creating a separate international payment system based on Peer-to-Peer type payment infrastructures, using digital currencies of central banks of BRICS countries is a promising model of the organization of international settlements. Conclusions. Building a closed international payment system on the basis of the Bank of Russia's payment system will enable to significantly overcome the existing problems, provide Russian companies and banks with a reliable and safe settlement mechanism for foreign trade and financial transactions.

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Military veterans’ perception of quality of care following international operations

Military veterans’ perception of quality of care following international operations

The Differences between Alibaba's Domestic and Overseas Operations

Alibaba, the largest e-commerce enterprise in China, has a significant global influence beyond its domestic operations. The company's efficiency is mainly attributed to its extensive technology and logistics infrastructure which facilitates the association of a multitude of suppliers and clients. Alibaba's globalization strategy promotes the world economy and enhances global trade through efficient business tools. The company's domestic and international operations differ for several reasons, such as market conditions, consumer behavior, industry competitiveness, cultural disparities, and legal constraints. Alibaba possesses a strong business model and significant experience within the local market; nevertheless, it requires adjusting its tactics and business models to address the diverse obstacles and opportunities present in the international market. The differences between Alibaba's domestic and overseas operations arise due to varying market environments, cultural disparities, industry competition, legal constraints, and diverse consumer behaviors. However, it encounters intense rivalry from domestic firms and a challenging business environment in foreign markets, particularly in the West. In light of these challenges, it is imperative to innovate and adapt the business model while comprehending and accommodating the local norms and regulations, and to tailor fitting strategies and business models to cater to varying consumer demands.

Analysis of the spatial correlation pattern of logistics carbon emission efficiency and its influencing factors: the case of China.

As logistics carbon emission efficiency is an essential industry linking regions, investigating this issue from a spatial correlation perspective is practically significant. Utilizing data from 282 prefecture-level cities spanning 2006 to 2019, we used a super slacks-based measure model, a modified gravity model, motif analysis, the Infomap algorithm, and an exponential random graph model to analyze the spatial correlation patterns and influencing factors of logistics carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) The spatial correlation of logistics carbon emission efficiency during the study period exhibited a core-edge pattern, with the central region emerging as a high-correlation hub. (2) The scale of the spatial association network community of carbon emission efficiency in the logistics industry changed constantly, and the stability of the network community structure gradually increased. From a microstructural perspective, the dispersed-mode structure was a pivotal element in the formation of the spatial correlation network of logistics carbon emission efficiency. (3) Node interaction tendencies were a critical force driving network formation. Financial investment, government concern, international openness, population density, and innovation ability were conducive to the formation of spatial correlations of logistics carbon emission efficiency.

Researchers’ views on and practices of knowledge translation: an international survey of transfusion medicine researchers

BackgroundHealth research is often driven by the desire to improve the care and health of the community; however, the translation of research evidence into policy and practice is not guaranteed. Knowledge translation (KT) activities, such as dissemination and end-user engagement by researchers, are important to achieving this goal. This study examined researchers’ views on and practices of KT in the field of transfusion medicine.MethodsAn anonymous, cross-sectional survey was distributed to transfusion medicine researchers in May 2022 by emailing corresponding authors of papers in four major blood journals, emailing grant recipients, posting on social media, and through international blood operator networks. Comparative analyses were conducted for career stage, work setting, research type, and KT training.ResultsThe final sample included 117 researchers from 33 countries. Most participants reported that research translation was important (86%) and felt it was their responsibility (69%). Fewer than half felt they had the skills to translate their research (45%) or knew which strategies to employ (45%). When examining how research findings are shared, most reported using diffusion activities (86%), including publishing in peer-reviewed journals (74%), or presenting at academic conferences (72%). Fewer used dissemination methods (60%), such as developing educational materials (29%) or writing plain language summaries (30%). Greater use of tailored dissemination strategies was seen among researchers with KT training, whilst traditional diffusion strategies were used more by those working in an academic setting. Most participants had engaged end-users in their research (72%), primarily to consult on a research component (47%) or to involve them in the research process (45%). End-user engagement was greater among researchers with established careers, working in both academic and applied settings, and with KT training.ConclusionsWhilst participating researchers acknowledged the importance of KT, they typically focused on traditional diffusion strategies. This is despite well-established knowledge of the limited impact of these strategies in achieving KT. Those with KT training were more likely to use tailored dissemination strategies and engage end-users in their research. This demonstrates the value of sharing knowledge from the KT field with health researchers to facilitate KT.

The Evolution Path and Impact Mechanism of the Vulnerability of Rural Human Settlements in China under the Background of Globalization

Development in the rural environment is a key pillar motivating international organizations' functions and operations. The development in this area falls under the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development of the UN. Rural development and factors such as culture might be utilized to achieve such agenda and improve populations living in conditions. The current study was literature systemic reviewing the evolution path and the impact mechanism on the issue of rural human settlement. Results in the current study showed that natural ecosystems, socioeconomic systems, facilities, and service systems all follow one of seven general evolution paths. Terrain and ecology, climate change and catastrophe, the agricultural and rural economy, population increase, and other factors all contribute to disruption. Policy, technology, and the habits of individual households inform the development of action plans. Every evolutionary outcome has both fragile and hardy features. The government and individual families took measures to lower vulnerability and increase resilience by concentrating on the actual problem of the rural human settlements system. Further, the study observed that the effects of rural human settlements on rural development occur in a systematic way. These changes, most obviously seen in the form of new and improved rural human settlement projects, have the potential to affect many facets of the human settlement system as a whole, making it cleaner, more practical, more harmonic, and generally more pleasant places to live. These benefits will have a multiplicative impact on the health, wealth, and happiness of rural residents; the efficiency, modernity, and prosperity of rural businesses; and the quality of life in rural areas.

Untangling the Influence of Corporate Sustainability on Export Intensity: The Moderating Role of R&D Intensity

Growing global environmental and social issues have imposed increased pressure on firms to address sustainability challenges in international markets, with a particular focus on improving their export performance. This is of significant importance for emerging market firms aiming to expand their presence in international markets, as they are compelled to bolster their environmental and social sustainability capacity to enhance their export intensity. This study delves into the relationship between corporate sustainability and export intensity through a longitudinal examination of 141 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul from 2014 to 2021. The results suggest that corporate sustainability positively influences export intensity, and this influence is further positively moderated by research and development (R&D) intensity. Additionally, post hoc analysis employing supplementary data pertaining to the environmental, social, and governance dimensions of corporate sustainability reveals that environmental performance plays a positive role in shaping export intensity, with R&D intensity positively moderating this relationship. In summary, the findings underscore that exporting firms that effectively integrate impactful R&D intensity into their international business operations are likely to harness their sustainability strategies, particularly those related to the natural environment, to achieve higher export intensity.

Manajemen Operasi Internasional

Operations management is a series of activities that a company uses to convert a variety of input ( raw materials, labor, etc.) into end products and services. Operations Management relates to the production of goods and services, and the output of the abundant production of Goods and Services is under the coordination and supervision of the operations manager. International operations management refers to the activities related to the transformation of an international company. Operations management is also closely linked to quality, productivity, and information technology. A company determines how input is transformed into goods or services. Correctly designed and operating systems are successful and procedures play a major role in determining product quality and productivity. The aim of this research is to find out how management on international operations. The method used is the library study method. This article is about managing international operations. Operations management is a series of activities that a company uses to convert a variety of input ( raw materials, labor, etc.) into end products and services. Operations Management relates to the production of goods and services, and the output of the abundant production of Goods and Services is under the coordination and supervision of the operations manager. The primary role of operations management is to create potential for achieving maximum value for the company. In other words, operation management is an activity to provide added value that is meant to create or add new value to the input of the organization in a way that directly affects the output.

Staycation tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tourism meant local communities in tourist destinations had to act to minimise detrimental influences. Researching the perceptions of locals towards tourism operations could provide insights into what communities might do to address the restrictions preventing the coronovirus imposed on international tourism operations. This research in Ho Chi Minh City assessed risk perception when residents participate in tourism activities. The findings reveal that: local participation levels are associated with risk perceptions in collaborations between communities and organisations and with attitudes towards taking vacations at home (referred to as “staycation”); there is a discernible relationship between collaboration and attitudes about staycation during the pandemic; and ideas of staycation and collaboration can have a positive impact in local tourism development. These results help us tackle the challenges of sustainable development, strategic planning, local management and future resilience in tourism operations during and after the pandemic.

Mediating the Paradoxes of (De-)Internationalization through Digital Platforms

Due to risks in the supply chain and the need for sustainability, among other things, concepts of de-internationalization are increasingly being considered, while at the same time the potential of growing markets motivates MNEs to continue investing in international operations despite the often large distances involved. This can lead to paradoxical tensions in companies between motives for scaling back and expanding the international footprint, particularly in the capital-intensive automotive industry. To mediate these tensions in the sense of paradox theory from a “both-and” approach, a link is made to transaction ecosystems based on digital platforms that enable the exchange of complementary resources across national borders with reduced transaction costs. Hypotheses are theoretically derived and then empirically tested using structural equation modeling in a quantitative study of 286 internationally active automotive companies. Although the results of the study confirm the suitability of such digital platforms for mitigating paradoxical tensions in international business, they also show that the performance impact of these ecosystems for companies is still low and needs to be further improved through the optimized use of various platform effects.