International Nature Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА О СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЕ ПРАВ ГРАЖДАН С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН И РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan, regarding the observance of the rights of persons with disabilities. The general features and distinctive traits of individual legislative acts of the analyzed countries are considered, statistical data on the number of citizens with disabilities at the global and regional levels are provided. The legislative acts regulating the legal basis for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, including those of an international nature, the fulfillment of the requirements of the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a document forming a unified legal framework in the field of the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities and its fundamental ideas are analyzed. The peculiarities of Uzbek and Kazakh legislation in terms of the application of the principle of respect for the dignity of persons with disabilities are determined. The formation and strengthening of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities in the public consciousness is a priority in the development of the legal culture of the population, in terms of fostering respect for the dignity of persons with disabilities. The issues of disability prevention, which is a necessary element to prevent the growth of the number of persons with disabilities, the possibility of using the Portal of Social Services, as novelties of the Kazakh legislation, are considered. It is proposed to implement the term «discrediting on the basis of disability» in the Kazakh legislation, as well as the principle of «respect for the dignity of persons with disabilities».

Moving internationalisation beyond exceptionalism using the MARS model

AbstractThis paper considers the changing nature of internationalisation in higher education in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and how this change has required institutions to strengthen the case for internationalisation by linking it more explicitly to institutional purpose. It argues that this development requires institutions to formulate approaches to internationalisation that are explicitly linked to vision and mission statements, that often directly cite the support and development of society in general and local communities specifically, as strategic institutional priorities. In turn, this requires an examination of how internationalisation is addressed in strategic statements and the implications for practical delivery. The paper is underpinned by the authors' understanding of the nature and operation of institutions of higher education which is exemplified by the MARS model. It briefly describes this model and argues that within it, internationalisation activities should be seen as a transversal theme, which affects all operations of the institution in a coordinated matter, rather than an isolated or “exceptional” activity which can be allocated exclusively to specialised units such as the International Office—termed “exceptionalism”. Exploring this theme further, the paper sets out how internationalisation should be embedded into all aspects of institutional operations in a way that is consistent with the hierarchy of priorities set out in the MARS model. A case study from Latin America in which this approach was adopted is presented in which some of the practical implications are considered. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of these outcomes and the potential for, and the nature of, future applications of the MARS model to the development and delivery of re‐imagined internationalisation strategies in the post‐COVID‐19 world.

IMPLEMENTATION AUGMENTED REALITY INLA GYMNASTICS BASE ON MOBILE

Augmented Reality INLA ((International Nature Loving Association ) ) gymnastics is an application to help people watch performances and performances without having to attend directly to the place of activity. This application is made based on mobile, because it is the most widely used by the general public. This application will display the song gymnastics World One Family with a duration of 3 minutes 28 seconds and the actor as an instructor for the gymnastics movement World One Family. The focus of this research is on the INLA team at the Maitreyawira Elementary School in Batam. So that the process of introducing culture through INLA at Maitreyawira Elementary School Batam becomes more practical and interesting. INLA Gymnastics activities at Maitreyawira Elementary School Batam can be carried out again during the Covid-19 pandemic. Increase interest in INLA culture at Maitreyawira Elementary goe in using the Augmented Reality application.

Light Design In Russian Universities: What and How to Teach?

Light design as a prominent and self-sufficient branch of design has appeared and developed abroad and is a rather new part of Russian design practice. Along with solving practical problems, it is time to think on the aspects of training of light design specialists in Russian design universities. Engineering and technical, and partially artistic aspects in light design education, have international nature to a great extent, but the new specialty has been acquiring its own distinctions in Russia, which are mainly related to aesthetical problems of the profession and specific understanding of the cultural and historical context. These national distinctions have first appeared in practice and theoretical studies and then they began being translated into the educational sphere, turning into authorial education programmes and techniques and predetermining selection of design problems and their implementation methods. Light design implies training of interdisciplinary specialists, which requires a comprehensive approach to development of the educational process including innovative-technological as well as humanitarian sections, forming an unconventional model of the educational process. The Environment Design sub-department of Moscow State Stroganov Academy of Design and Applied Arts, the oldest Russian art and industry school, has gained a rich experience in artistic design in the field of light design, which comprises all leading professional trends. The methods of conventional artistic design, computer modelling, and animation skills as well as the knowledge included in the new discipline “The Basics of Light Design” have allowed developing of term and graduation projects having consideration for specific practical requirements and aiming at their future implementation.

Interconnections between International and National Criminal Law Relevant to Energy Security

Interconnections between International and National Criminal Law Relevant to Energy Security

The Assessment of the Tourism Potential of the Tagus International Nature Reserve Landscapes Using Methods Based on the Opinion of the Demand

There are different methodologies to assess landscape preferences, however there is no consensual methodology that can be replicated to identify their tourism potential. Recent studies have focused on agricultural landscape preferences due to their cultural characteristics. Although agricultural activity conflicts with the management models of natural protected areas, traditional models and sustainable practices reveal opportunities to boost tourism in this area, both for their aesthetic value, and for the opportunity to preserve biodiversity and maintain “lively landscapes”. The present study focuses on a double approach to collect data to measure the preferences for landscape typologies to realize outdoor/recreative activities in Tagus International Nature Reserve (TINR), among them, agricultural landscapes, such as the agro-silvopastural system “Dehesa/Montado” or olive grove. The preference of the landscapes were evaluated through photographs with pairwise comparison and without photographs observation, in which 174 respondents were consulted with. The different methodologies applied allowed for the extraction of different results, which led to the assumption that in fact there is no single methodology to assess preferences. However, the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology with photographical pairwise comparison allowed for the extraction of more robust results when considering attractions with tourism typologies, revealing that “Cultural tourism/Rural mixed” and “Agritourism” were the most valued. This information is pertinent to support TINR managers and local tourism promoters to plan and structure products and services based on button-up methodologies.

Carnivalesque subversion and the narrative gaze of children: Taika Waititi’s Boy (2010), Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), and Jojo Rabbit (2019)

ABSTRACT This article studies the carnivalesque subversion of oppressive systems using the narrative gaze of children in Taika Waititi’s three films, Boy (2010), Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), and Jojo Rabbit (2019). Waititi has a wide range of filmography to his assets and his films, while comically articulating his politics, incorporate new vocabularies to tackle various forms of oppression. The selected films are of both local and international nature, and they voice their politics through the varying presence of carnivalesque motifs of subversion. The current paper attempts to investigate them using Bakhtin’s theory of the carnivalesque. By arguing that these films are a vehicle of his personal and political credence, this paper attempts to bridge the gap in theorizing Waititi’s filmography despite being critically acclaimed.

Demokratyczny konfederalizm jako alternatywny ustrój dla Autonomicznej Administracji Północnej i Wschodniej Syrii

This article is an attempt to present the regime of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria as an alternative to the entire state. It explores the ideology of Abdullah Öcalan, which is the foundation of this regime. It also analyses the systemic assumptions characteristic of the democratic autonomy in Rojava, and then in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. The thesis of the article is that the proposal for a new regime is a huge challenge for the people of these parts of Syria, President Bashar al-Assad and the international environment, in particular Turkey. The success of this project is difficult to assess as it depends on too many variables of an internal and international nature.

Внесок Нюрнберзького трибуналу у формування норм міжнародного права щодо злочинних організацій

The article examines the contribution of the Nuremberg tribunal in the formation of modern international law on criminal organizations. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic analysis of international law on liability for international crimes, the use of comparative law, formal law and other methods, historical analysis of the origin and development of liability for international crimes, generalization of a wide range of normative and practical materials. The evolution of the responsibility of non-governmental organizations that committed international crimes in the period after the Nuremberg Trials is analyzed, in particular the trends and factors that influenced the development of the concept of international criminal responsibility. In characterizing evolution in international law, it is advisable to consider not all changes in international law, but only those that indicate qualitative improvement. The evolution of international law, like all development, is always objective. The enshrinement of the principle of international criminal responsibility in the Statute of the Nuremberg Tribunal constitutes a protective function, which is expressed in the direct application of the norms of international criminal law and international humanitarian law. The development of international law governing the jurisdiction of criminal organizations does not stop. It is noted that with the development of legal certainty of the status of non-governmental organizations, the principles set out in the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal on the responsibility of individuals and legal entities under public law for crimes against humanity are developing. The main trends in the development of international criminal law, including the liability of non-state legal entities under public and private law. It is determined that in the period after the Nuremberg Trials, the main direction in the legal definition of liability for war crimes was the development of norms and mechanisms of criminal liability. Criticism of Russian researchers’ views on the responsibility for international crimes of non-governmental organizations committed in other countries, who believe that non-governmental organizations in this case can not be recognized as criminal organizations. It is stated that international law does not contain a clear line between formally defined organizations - legal entities recognized as subjects of national law, and criminal groups, whose legal status can be recognized from the standpoint of the decisions of the Nuremberg tribunal. International legal norms on this issue should be devoted to identifying the criminal nature of the group and the establishment of criminal consequences for members of the criminal group. Dissemination of international legal responsibility for war crimes, crimes against humanity committed during armed conflicts of international and non-international nature, the modern concept of international humanitarian law.

Confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the western part of Kazakhstan (mid XIX – early XX centuries)

Undoubtedly, the western region of Kazakhstan is unique and strategically important compared to other regions. First of all, the influence of the Kazan and Ufa madrassas, the largest Muslim centers in the region due to their geographical location, and the international nature of the Jadid movement, and secondly, the richness of archival data and the independence of religious representatives from the region should be accentuated. At the same time, the Muslim influence of Tatar mullahs’ activeness in the region weakened, and the number of educated Kazakh clerics increased, who, in their turn, joined forces with the Alash intelligentsia to intensify the struggle for national liberation. The western region of Kazakhstan has long been distinguished by its close historical and cultural ties with Volga Bulgaria, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and developed Muslim centers such as Iran and Khorezm. Especially in the late XVIII-XIX centuries cultural ties with the Volga-Ural region intensified as the Kazakhs of Junior Zhuz became Russian citizens and further integrated into the Empire. In other words, favorable historical conditions have been created in this region for the rapid development of Islam. Therefore, the geographical scope of the topic is based on the western regions of Kazakhstan.

The Communist University of the Toilers of the East. 1921– 1938: A Look through a Century

The article discusses the problem of creation and functioning in 1921–1938 of a higher education institution for immigrants from the East countries and for Eastern national minorities of the USSR: the Stalin Communist University of the Toilers of the East. Within the 100-year anniversary, the appeal to the history of the KUTV, called the “forge of personnel”, becomes particularly relevant. Under the conditions of socio-economic, political, and cultural transformations in the USSR in 1920s–1930s, the issue of attracting the natives familiar with traditions and everyday life to the authorities, administration, and courts demanded an urgent solution. Based on the analysis of the latest literature and materials of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), the article considers the conditions of opening this educational institution. The authors pay special attention to university reorganization that happened under the influence of domestic and foreign political circumstances. The authors considered the conditions of admission to the university, the faculty, defined by the international nature of the KUTV and having the Soviet and foreign sectors. In both sectors, significant attention was paid to the disciplines forming the Marxist revolutionary worldview. Because of the problem in teaching cadets native languages at the university, the main emphasis was placed on Russian. An integral part of the curriculum was industrial practice at enterprises in Moscow and then in the regions. The foreign sector opening was prompted not only to export the revolution, but also to create, with future leaders’ help, a loyal environment of the world’s first socialist state. During the country’s development, the emergence of new state’s tasks, changes in national policy, in the system of party education led to a revision of the necessity for the KUTV. Due to the recognition of the inexpediency of its existence, the university was liquidated in 1938.

On the Borderline – Using National and International Legal Frameworks to Address the Traffic of Pre-Columbian Antiquities between Mexico and the United States

This article examines legal provisions and remedies for illicitly trafficked pre-Columbian antiquities, focusing on Mexico and the United States of America (USA), to determine gaps and areas for improvement. These two countries provide an interesting contrast, as they are contiguous neighbours but have different legal systems and approaches to the protection of cultural property. Nonetheless, Mexico and the USA have a history of fruitful cooperation in the recovery and return of pre-Columbian cultural objects under both domestic and international frameworks, such as bilateral agreements and cultural heritage conventions. In particular, as a country that accounts for nearly half of all global art market transactions, the USA is uniquely placed to act as a gatekeeper for pre-Columbian antiquities and serve as an example for the effective protection of foreign cultural property seized within its borders. However, while the examination of Mexico and the USA provides a useful case study, the illicit traffic of these objects should not be viewed in isolation or characterized as solely a regional problem. Globalization and the international nature of the art market require a more expansive view of the subject, while still taking countries’ legal and cultural specificities into account. A balanced and holistic approach will help increase the effectiveness of both national and international remedies; this will improve the legitimate market as a whole and curb illicit trafficking. By tackling the problem at both ends of the supply chain and increasing visibility, the possibilities of success shall rise.

International legal and methodological support of road traffic safety: concepts and essential features

The article aims to learn about international legal and international methodological support of road traffic safety and transport operation. A number of statistical indicators, which testify to the catastrophic state of road traffic safety both in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular, are presented. The development of the definition of this concept is proposed to carry out in the classical way: by highlighting its corresponding essential features. These include: object, subject, system and purpose. The object is the sphere of road traffic of the motor transport specifically. The subjects are the international institutions (UN, WHO, World Bank, etc.) and international public associations. The system of such support is classified into eight main groups according to the sphere of regulation of the relevant legal relations within the general sector of road traffic safety. In turn, the international methodological support in this sphere is classified into seven types according to its focus. The main international conventions, resolutions and other decisions, first of all, the UN’s ones, and the international agreements forming the system of the international legal support of road traffic safety are presented. The purpose of this support is to increase road traffic safety around the world. Hence, the international legal and methodological support for road traffic safety is a set of regulations of an international nature, information materials issued with the participation of official institutions with international status, as well as international public associations aimed at ensuring traffic safety, reducing mortality and road traffic injuries in different countries of the world.

Revaluating aircraft leasing contracts in the pandemic era: navigating the challenges of invoking force-majeure by applying hardship under international commercial law

Majority of aircraft are acquired on leasing agreements, and the financial burden is on the lessor due to financing heavy equipment for the lessee in these agreements. Therefore, to ensure that the lessee fulfils his lease payment to the lessor, Hell or High-water clause is drafted in the contract.
 This enforces payment by the lessee irrespective of any circumstantial change which makes it difficult for the lessee to pay. However, due to the pandemic, the airlines have suffered from a severe cash crunch making it difficult for them to honor their upcoming contractual obligations.
 The airline companies are debating to invoke Force Majeure in these contracts to excuse nonperformance and avoid damages, but considering the development in Private International Air Law and nature of the contract, taking such measures will be difficult. This paper proposes to apply Hardship codified in the UNIDROIT Principle of International Commercial Contracts so that airlines can renegotiate the contract with the lessors instead of completely avoiding their contractual obligation. 
 This will provide breathing space to the lessee and also ensure his obligation towards the lessor is maintained during the pandemic.

Organizational preparation of central public administration bodies to manage the implementation of defense tasks Part III. Concept of tasks and organization of the organisational units of administrative offices of chief bodies of government administration for the management of the implementation of defence tasks

Such bodies as the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister and ministers in charge of departments of government administration, in order to exercise competencies in the field of defence, should have the ability to perform administrative functions to satisfy missions, goals and tasks in this matter assigned to them by the legislator. Their authority and duties in the defence field are closely related to their authority and duties in other areas of national security, so there is a need to arrange the organisational units set up for this purpose in such a way that their scope of action includes matters corresponding to the authority’s competence in the field of national security and defence, taken as a whole. Given the rank of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister in Poland, and their competencies in the area of national security, urgent changes are required to adapt the organisational units of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (KPRM), and above all the Government Centre for Security (RCB). The RCB needs to be transformed so that it is able to fulfil the role of a national security and defence headquarters under the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. It would be an analytical-planning-coordination office, ensuring staff coordination of coherent, uninterrupted and continuous state activities in the field of state security and defence. Innovation in this respect would be accompanied by minor changes in the jurisdiction and structure of the organisational units comprising the KPRM. Following this, given the existing needs identified in the previous articles in this series, it seems necessary to make changes in ministries to implement a unified model of a national security organisational unit (e.g. Department for Security and Defence Affairs). In principle, these units should have similar missions and composition in all ministries, but some reasonable exceptions would occur in the Ministry of National Defence and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. In others, there are and should be separate departments specific to those ministries (e.g. combating economic crime, international security policy, nature conservation, air protection and others).

ПРИНЦИПА ДОБРОСОСЕДСТВА МЕЖДУ ГОСУДАРСТВАМИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕ

In this article, the author analyzes questions regarding the definition and legal properties of the principle of good neighborliness in contemporary international law. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that in the modern conditions of active foreign policy of Uzbekistan, building good-neighborly relations is defined as one of the priority directions of the country’s foreign policy. The scientific novelty of this article is determined by the fact that, despite the frequent reference to the principle of good neighborliness in the main sources of modern international law and in conceptual documents of foreign policy of the countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, in the legal literature, especially in domestic doctrinal sources, there is an acute lack of legal comprehension of the principle good neighborliness. Using general scientific and special methods: system analysis; structural legal, dialectical, historical approaches; the method of logical deduction and induction, as well as the method of comparative jurisprudence, the author will try to reveal the legal essence and properties of the principle of good-neighborliness between states. Based on the analysis of the legal and regulatory sources of modern international law, as well as the existing doctrinal base, in particular the works of foreign researchers, the author offers his conclusions regarding the legal properties and the international legal nature of the principle of good neighborliness.

Nature and Extent of International Diversification: Empirical Evidence from India

The paper aims to measure the extent of international diversification achieved by Indian companies in the recent time period. The study also investigates the nature of international diversification of companies during their transition beyond national boundaries. This evaluation of the firm’s nature and extent of internationalization is further extended to cover the period of COVID-19 as well. The Jacquemin and Berry Entropy Approach (1979) is applied to operationalize the firm’s international diversification. It facilitates the measurement of both inter-region and intra-region diversification. World Bank Geographical Region Classification Framework (2018) has been used to facilitate the applicability of the approach applied. Results indicate that Indian companies were inclined to grow beyond their home territories. However, the extent of international diversification is low as ‘Internationally Low Diversification (ILD)’ reveals to be the most popular strategy amongst Indian companies. Nature depicts a preference for relatedness than unrelatedness for overseas expansion as firms prefer intra-region expansion as compared to moving inter-region. Stagnation and halt are witnessed in the global expansion of companies in the period of the pandemic. The present study is novel as it comprehensively evaluates the international growth strategies preferred by Indian companies in the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period.

Regulatory and Policy Analysis of Production, Development and Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in the United States

The United States, spurred in part by international developments, is expanding its law and policy to incentivize the use of sustainable aviation fuels. While the U.S. has agreed to participate in the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s) Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), it has only recently adopted federal rules that define greenhouse gas emission reduction standards for certain classes of airplanes (effective January 2021). However, such standards focus on engine efficiency rather than the fuel burned. For sustainable aviation fuels, the U.S. continues to rely on voluntary programs at a federal, state, and regional level. The federal Renewable Fuel Standard program allows producers to opt in. In addition, states have started to allow sustainable aviation fuel producers to “opt in” to their programs; this includes California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Oregon’s Clean Fuels Program, and Washington’s newly adopted Clean Fuels Program. Other states are also starting to consider such programs. Elsewhere, states like Hawaii are starting to support SAF production in other ways, including through tax mechanisms. In addition, regional and private efforts to adopt and/or promote sustainable aviation fuels are underway. This piecemeal approach—due in part to the lack of cohesive U.S. federal policy—stands in contrast to the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive and Emissions Trading System, and adoption of policies by European countries. Because of aviation’s international nature, tracking what is happening in Europe matters greatly for U.S. carriers. As the U.S. works to meet its international obligations through CORSIA, finding a way forward with sustainable aviation fuel in the United States may depend on a more defined federal policy. Actions taken by both the EU and European countries offers some guidance for actions that could be taken by the U.S. Even in the absence of more defined measures, better tracking of voluntary measures is a critical step.

Towards examining and addressing the danger of unaccompanied migrant minors going missing

The phenomenon of missing children is complex, further complicated by the specific circumstances of missing unaccompanied migrant minors. Owing to the (often forced) migration, these children have moved through different countries with diverse legislation and work practices. The international nature of these cases leads to confusion about the responsibility of different actors. Additionally, for these cases, little data are available. This article critically assesses current work practices in the EU. It also introduces a new practical solution based on empirical data from 26 international expert interviews, proposing a new alert system for missing children cases to improve the efficiency in responding to them and the international communication between stakeholders to improve the situation of missing unaccompanied migrant minors. The solution is currently in use by three organisations and has already been used in more than 85 real-life cases. It is concluded that it holds the potential to connect actors in a new, efficient way and prevent children, and unaccompanied migrant minors particularly, from falling off the grid. It is also highlighted that the situation of unaccompanied migrant minors is highly disadvantaged, and new, homogenous legislation among the EU member states that does not discriminate against the rights of migrant minors is imperative. New research should also actively involve them to better grasp their situation before and during their disappearance.

Primary methods of internationalisation of higher legal education

Introduction. Recent trends in the sphere of internationalisation of higher education expand theoretical insights into the dialectical nature of correlation between pedagogical science and educational practice, as well as the relationship between the general direc tions of the development of higher education, its national and regional specifics. An analysis of the experience of internationalisation of universities is required for the development of various models to modernise higher education, including legal education, and to substantiate practical recommendations for reforming the Russian higher education system. To date, an understanding has been reached of the need to internationalise higher education in the context of globalization to increase the competitiveness of the Russian higher education system, as evidenced by the Federal project to maximise the competitive position of Russian universities among the world’s leading scientific and educational centres (The Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100). Internationalisation, being the key to optimising the export potential of Russian higher education, is essential for the modernisation of legal education.Aim. The research aimed to evaluate the productivity of actual instruments of international cooperation between universities and to outline optimal approaches to the usage of successful practices of international and Russian educational space to enhance the attractiveness of Russian legal education, and, as a consequence, the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage of a higher education institution.Methodology and research methods. Complex, interdisciplinary goals and tasks of the present research predetermined the application of gnoseological and synergetic approaches to the selection of research tools. The gnoseological approach facilitated a more profound analysis of the nature of internationalisation and integration of education in the current international processes. The synergetic approach resulted in the integration of pedagogical and legal research methods to define an optimal internationalisation strategy for the training of multiskilled legal professionals.Results. The authors assessed the effectiveness of the existing ways of internationalization of Russian legal education according to foreign student demand. A comprehensive analysis of the legal, political and social aspects of the current state of attractiveness of the Russian market of educational services and the need to identify the specifics of the internationalization of higher legal education was carried out. The experience monitoring of inter-university international cooperation allowed the authors to determine the conditions for the effectiveness of joint legal programmes (creation of an innovative educational environment, project activities and a flexible management system); to analyse modern pedagogical technologies applicable to legal disciplines; to determine the best schemes used by Russian and European universities for external mobility of students and teachers; to develop the proposals for the introduction of disciplines (for Russian students) provided in foreign languages by Russian and foreign teachers; to propose measures to improve the state policy in the field of interest, aimed at stimulating Russian universities to develop international joint educational programmes.Scientific novelty. The article presented the analysis of positive and negative experiences of Russian universities in application of internationalisation key tools in legal higher education. The acknowledged internationalisation methods of higher education were systematised in general. The additional ways for the integration of Russian legal education, in particular, to the international educational space, were identified.Practical significance consists in the approbation of new methods based on competency and practice-oriented approaches. The authors developed the guidelines for the implementation of internationalisation to enhance university competitive advantage and to increase the demand for graduates in labour market.