* Abbreviations: ILCOR — : International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation ROSC — : return of spontaneous circulation Epinephrine (from the Greek epi-nephros, “on top of the kidneys”), known across the Atlantic pond as adrenalin (from the Latin ad-renal, “near the kidneys”), has been an unquestioned staple in the neonatal resuscitation drug toolkit for many decades. First extracted from the adrenal medulla in 1895, purified in 1901, and synthesized in 1904, this drug has proven efficacy for the treatment of a number of acute conditions such as anaphylaxis and glaucoma. In 2010, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published recommendations for using epinephrine to resuscitate newborns “derived largely from indirect evidence from pediatric studies of uncertain relevance to neonates or from animal studies.”1 Among newborns in whom effective lung ventilation and chest compressions fail to increase heart rate >60 beats per minute, the guidelines suggested administration of an intravenous dose of epinephrine (0.01–0.03 mg/kg) repeated every 3 to 5 minutes as needed. A higher dose (0.05–0.1 mg/kg) administered through an endotracheal tube was the fallback option in the absence of intravenous access. But what do we really know about the best dose, dosing interval, … Address correspondence to Mark L. Hudak, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, 653-1 W 8th St, Box L-1600, Jacksonville, FL 32209. E-mail: mark.hudak{at}jax.ufl.edu