International Labor Migration Research Articles

Exploring the drivers of internal labour migration for the regions of Great Britain

ABSTRACT The role of internal migration in reducing regional inequalities is a common feature of classical economic theory and urban economics models. If regional migration is important in reducing spatial disparities, then understanding its causes, and barriers, is crucial. This paper explores the drivers of regional migration behaviour in Great Britain. Findings point to rigidities in housing that deter mobility across regions; and regional differences in the drivers and effects of regional migration. Our paper supports greater focus on spatial disaggregation, since migration studies conducted at the national level ignore important spatial differences in migration behaviour.

Race, Gender and Contemporary International Labour Migration Regimes. 21st-Century Coolies?, edited by Leticia Saucedo and Robyn Magalit Rodriguez

Race, Gender and Contemporary International Labour Migration Regimes. 21st-Century Coolies?, edited by Leticia Saucedo and Robyn Magalit Rodriguez

"In the army I'm no longer typecast as the son of migrant workers": modalities of inclusion and belonging among children of migrant workers in the military in Israel.

This article explores how non-citizen minorities experience military service, focusing on children of international labor migrants who served in the Israel Defense Forces. During the 1990's, Israel witnessed an influx of migrant workers, primarily from the Philippines, Latin America and Africa. However, due to Israeli immigration policies, neither they nor their Israeli-born children were eligible for citizenship. Consequently, upon reaching the age of 18, unlike their Israeli peers, these children were not recruited into the army. Furthermore, they lived under constant threat of deportation. Due to advocacy by civil society organizations, in 2006 and 2010 the government granted civic status (permanent residency) to approximately 1,500 children. This made them eligible for military service, a somewhat unique situation globally. Upon completion of their first year of military service, they were eligible for Israeli citizenship and their immediate family members were eligible for permanent residency. Through qualitative and quantitative research, we examine inclusion and belonging amongst children of migrant workers who served in the military. Our findings suggest that military service enabled them to overcome the exclusionary boundaries they experienced as children in three ways. Firstly, they achieved formal belonging by receiving citizenship. Secondly, they achieved informal belonging through the cultural and social capital this service accrued within Israeli society. Finally, for some, military service deepened their knowledge of Judaism and, in certain cases, led to conversion, thus fostering religious belonging. These three aspects facilitated inclusion and a sense of belonging for these formerly marginalized children while also enhancing their legitimacy within Israeli society. This unique case study contributes to ongoing global debates about the experiences of minority groups in the military.

THE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN ASIA IN THE PROCESSES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION: FEATURES OF THE XXI CENTURY

The countries of Western Asia simultaneously act as centers of attraction in the processes of international labor migration, and countries, which let their citizens travel abroad to find work (are labor migrants). We analyze the situation in the field of international labor migration in 14 countries of Western Asia, excluding the former republics of the USSR, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, which are now included by international organizations in the group of countries in the region. The situation in the field of labor migration in the region is being updated in connection, firstly, with the growth of the economies of the countries of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC) and, in general, some stabilization of the socio-economic and political situation in the West Asian region, secondly, with the trends to overcome the restrictions that took place due to the spread of coronavirus infection in the world and in the region, and, thirdly, with the region's attempts to transform the national economy and implement new advanced industries and productions based on innovation and digitalization. It is important to study the experience of the GCC countries in the field of labor migration in order to increase the efficiency and reduce the costs of MMRS in the Russian Federation. The article attempts to analyze the situation in the field of international labor migration in Western Asia, and primarily in the GCC, which actively accept labor from other states of the region and non-regional powers. The author concludes that the region will retain its role as a receiving center for foreign labor in the future on the basis of an adequate policy of the recipient countries. The geography of the countries of origin of immigrants also generally remains unchanged. The research period covers 2000–2022. The author used traditional methods of economic analysis to conduct the research. The sources of statistical information were data from international databases, primarily UNCTAD, as well as regional reports of international organizations.

Less than equals, more than comrades: variety of patron–client relations in the Hawaiian longline tuna fishing industry

This research focuses on international labor migrants who have the least freedom of movement (as they are confined on fishing boats), but who, paradoxically, are apparently the most well traveled fishermen operating in the Pacific Ocean. This anthropological research aims to analyze the patron–client relationship in Honolulu harbor. The research also examines inter-ethnic entanglements and cultural dynamics within the local Hawaiian fishing community. This article is the second of a two-part series: the first article was based on an ethnographic multi-sited study of longline tuna fishing boats fishing in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

History taking its turn – international labour migration in V4 countries after World War II

History taking its turn – international labour migration in V4 countries after World War II

The impact of international labor migration on the socio-economic development of Ukraine

The article examines the impact of international labor migration on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The theoretical aspect of the concept of «international labor migration» is clarified and the main components of the phenomenon of international labor migration are substantiated. The factors causing the emergence and continuation of international labor migration were analyzed and systematized. The number of Ukrainian workers abroad was analyzed and their dynamics m.shkurat@donnu.edu.ua during a certain period were studied. The factors that activate migration processes in Ukraine have been identified. Statistical data on the dynamics of migrant workers' remittances and their impact on the country's economy are provided. The main aspects that are affected by remittances of labor migrants have been identified and analyzed. A study of the impact of international labor migration on the economic progress of the country was conducted, as well as the positive and negative consequences of the outflow of skilled labor from Ukraine were assessed. Labor migration in Ukraine was marked by a decrease in social tension in society. It was found that monetary transfers helped to increase the country's exchange rate and increase the solvency of specific groups of citizens, which encouraged the development of the internal market of goods and services. Migrant workers also contributed to cultural exchange between countries, spreading knowledge about Ukraine and filling it with new cultural elements. However, labor migration also has negative consequences for Ukraine, as the country becomes dependent on remittances from labor migrants. The decrease in the number of young people in the country also negatively affected the filling of the pension fund due to their departure abroad. In addition, the loss of highly qualified personnel, known as the «brain drain», when scientists and specialists go abroad, leads to a shortage of skilled labor in Ukraine. It was concluded that despite certain negative consequences of international labor migration for Ukraine, it plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of the state in modern conditions, providing additional financial resources and promoting the employment of the population. However, it is necessary to find ways to stimulate the domestic economy and create decent jobs in Ukraine to reduce dependence on remittances.

ЗОВНІШНІ ТА ВНУТРІШНІ ЗАГРОЗИ ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ БЕЗПЕЦІ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the concepts of “economic securityˮ, “external threats to economic securityˮ, and “internal threats to economic securityˮ. Economic security is defined as the achievement of a state of the national economy that ensures economic development, effective control over the use of resources, and protection of economic interests at the international and domestic levels. The main functional components of economic security are defined as economic independence, sustainability and stability of the national economy, and the ability for self-development and progress. The components of economic security are considered in this study. These include internal economic security (demographic security; food security; raw material security; innovation and technological security; financial security; investment security; energy security; environmental security; information security; military security) and external economic security (export security; import security; security in the field of international capital movement; security in the process of international labour migration). The study encompassed the examination of economic security-related objects (state, separate territorial formations, citizens, enterprises, organisations, institutions, and entrepreneurs) and subjects (central and local bodies of executive power, state enterprises). The potential negative impact on national economic interests (state, society, individual), conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of external and internal factors of threats to economic security have been investigated. The principal external and internal factors that pose a threat to the economic security of Ukraine are identified. These factors are in a state of constant flux due to the evolution of the global economy, society and the national economy. A number of indicators have been proposed for the purpose of assessing the level of economic security of the state. These include key aspects such as the state of the national economy, the development of scientific and technological progress, the countering of external and internal threats, and foreign economic activity. A comprehensive assessment was conducted with respect to the degree of economic security currently prevailing in Ukraine. The assessment indicated a notable lack of efficiency within the economic realm and identified a series of risks that may potentially impede the growth of the national economy in the future. The primary means of ensuring Ukraineʼs economic security are proposed, namely a system of legal, organisational and economic measures designed to prevent external and internal economic threats.

International Cooperation Between Universities And Business As A Condition For Raising Human Development Level

One of the main indicators of human development is the integral indicator Human Development Index, which includes an assessment of the quality and standard of living of the population, and also takes into account the level of educational development of the population. The authors identified the development of network interaction between universities and business at the international level as one of the ways to increase the level of this indicator. The article analyzes the indicators of life expectancy, the level of income of the population, as well as some macroeconomic indicators of the six neighboring countries. Conclusions are drawn about a possible increase in the Human Development Index indicator based on improving the network interaction between the higher education system and the real sector of the economy, and one of the factors for enhancing network interaction in the labor market is labor mobility, and at the level of macroeconomic development international labor migration. In addition, the authors proposed a number of measures to strengthen the tightness of the network interaction between the customers of personnel and the educational services market, and indicated the forms of such interaction at the international and domestic level.

Consequence of international labor migration in world practice.

Abstract The world labor market is characterized by growing dynamics and strong volumes of labor export and import, which is realized through international labor migration. The movement of the labor force carries out several important functions in the global economy – from income redistribution to the exchange of professional experience, the spread of new innovative technologies, and the growth of labor productivity. In addition, the socio-economic implications of international labor migration for donor countries and recipient countries are ambiguous, they differ in the short, medium, and long-term periods.The study aims to analyze the impact of the socio-economic consequences of international labor migration. The article also focuses on the world experience in shaping and influencing the socio-economic consequences of international labor migration for the donor countries and for the importing countries of the labor force.

The Impact of International Labor Migration on the Balance in Regional Labor Markets

In recent years, the demand in the Russian labor market continues to grow, while the labor force, which determines the supply, on the contrary, is declining. In the current situation, business points to the desirability of expanding the involvement of migrant workers, but government officials express concerns that this might create a threat to the employment of Russian citizens. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of external labor migration to the formation of the labor force in Russian regions, considering the specifics of the reproduction of local labor resources. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the latest statistical data on external labor migration and labor markets detailing by regions of Russia. The authors pay special attention not only to the quantitative characteristics of the flow of foreign workers, but also to the quality indicators of these labor resources. The relevance of the study is due to changes in the labor markets balance and migration trends and under the influence of powerful stress factors in recent years, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the start of a special military operation, and a new wave of sanctions. The empirical basis of the study is an array of official statistics, for the analysis of which standard statistical methods are applied. Based on the results obtained, the authors discuss the effectiveness of modern federal and regional migration policies. In conclusion, the results of the study are summed up and possible directions for improving instruments for managing the movement of foreign labor are identified. The authors conclude that today the system for regulating the mobility of labor resources does not ensure that their supply meets the changing needs of the labor market, and justify the need to develop a selective system for attracting labor migrants.

International labor migration policy of the European Union

The cross-border movement of labour is associated with an objective need for the host country to accept and comply with the relevant rules. This problem has always existed for the European Union and its member states due to the attractiveness of the region for migrant workers, relatively high standard of living and the widely diversified sectoral structure of the economy. Based on the analysis of the relevant directives, the article chronologises the stages of regulation of international labour migration in the EU with an emphasis on the present. Close attention is given to the EU regulatory practice of the issues of attracting highly qualified and seasonal labour third-countries workers, students and researchers, facilitating intra-corporate transfers. In this context the regulatory vector in the area of international labour migration to the EU is aimed at obtaining benefits from the influx of the necessary labour force through the creation of favorable conditions for its integration into European society. The implementation of Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly qualified employment will depend on the applicable practices of the EU member states. The study reveals the dualism of the economic effects of international labor migration received by the EU at present: positive in the form of a relative reduction in unit costs due to labor components, the flow of technological knowledge and negative ones associated with the displacement of part of local labor resources, the outflow of funds from foreign workers, changes in the structure of aggregate demand, the impact on the level of wages, aggravation of interethnic and interfaith conflicts against the background of a low level of integration of foreigners into local society.

Transformation of International Labor Migration in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period

Transformation of International Labor Migration in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period

International labour migration, farmland fallowing, livelihood diversification and technology adoption in Nepal

This article investigates the effect of temporary international labour migration on farmland fallowing, adoption of agricultural intensification technologies and livelihood diversification. Using nationally representative data, combined with empirical methods that allow causal inference, the authors find that households with international migrants are over 50 per cent more likely (based on propensity score matching estimates) to have fallow land than those without. Temporary international migration promotes the adoption of some agricultural intensification technologies and causes rural households to diversify their livelihoods. Land fallowing may increase food insecurity, while agricultural intensification may improve it, for an uncertain net effect.

Edukasi Migrasi Aman Bekerja Ke Luar Negeri Di Desa Padamara

The phenomenon of international labor migration has become an important aspect of globalization that has an impact on economies and societies throughout the world. One of the countries that contributes significantly to trend this migration is Indonesia, where the majority of the workforce seeks employment opportunities abroad to improve their family's standard of living. However, the migration process often has many challenges, ranging from legal complexities and procedural complications to socio-economic vulnerabilities. Our research underscores the urgent need to facilitate safe and procedural migration for the families of Indonesian migrant workers. Furthermore, the proposed education model offers a holistic approach that includes pre-departure orientation, legal awareness campaigns, and support mechanisms in matters related to bureaucracy. By equipping families with knowledge about migration procedures, labor rights, and potential risks, this educational initiative aims to reduce vulnerability, improve well-being, and promote sustainable development within migrant-sending communities.

Disgraceful return: Gulf migration and shifting national narratives amid COVID-19

ABSTRACTSeveral Asian countries that encourage international migration of labour call their emigrants ‘national heroes and heroines’ because of their contributions to foreign currency reserves and subsequent national development. However, the massive involuntary return amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the health risk associated with returning from virus-affected regions, such as the Gulf states, call the development narratives of migrants and migrant remittances into question. This study examines the experiences of Gulf return migrants in Bangladesh, focusing on their arrivals at the airport, their travels home, their receptions at the origin communities, their financial hardship upon return and the shifting development narratives in the origin country. The paper draws on primary data, collected through interviews of Gulf returnees in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2021. This study finds that the image of migrants as ‘national heroes’ is not only challenged during the pandemic but replaced almost overnight by a new one, such as ‘COVID-19 super-spreaders’. This research reports that migrants confront with unpleasant circumstances during their return migration process that render their return to their country of origin disgraceful. The paper stresses developing policy measures to protect involuntary returnees from victimisation and disgraceful circumstances.

The Russian language in the context of socio-economic adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia in Russia

International labor migration is an important part of modern processes taking place in the world, affecting not only the countries’ economies, but also it’s political, social and demographic situation. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian economy, the attraction of foreign workers is an urgent need, however, it should be noted that labor migration carries not only positive aspects for the host countries. The flow of migrants who do not speak Russian well, who were brought up in a different cultural and religious environment and, as a result, are difficult to integrate into Russian society, forms some social development challenges for Russia. In recent years, there have been disputes in the expert community about the language proficiency of labor migrants.This article presents an analysis of the level of Russian language proficiency of foreign workers from Central Asian countries, as well as the impact of this level on various aspects of their socio-economic adaptation. In addition, the article examines the level of Russian language proficiency of labor migrants, depending on their migration intentions, the length of stay in the host country, as well as depending on the field of activity of foreign workers. In the process of the research, the influence of the level of knowledge of the Russian language on the monthly income of a foreign worker was analyzed. It was noted that in order to eliminate the communication barrier between foreign workers and the local population, there is a need to intensify the language training of migrants by developing and implementing language courses, expanding access to them and migrants’ awareness of their availability.

Socio-economic and Demographic status of Emigrants’ Households of Baghchaur Municipality

This study deals with the “International Labour Migration (A Case Study of Baghchaur Municipality in Salyan District. The primary data was collected from the study area of Baghchaur Municipality. The general objective of the study is to examine the scenario of international labour migration pertaining to study area. Main objectives of the study are to examine the socio-economic and demographic status of emigrant's households, influencing factors, direction and magnitude, and the impact of emigration in the place of origin. The analysis and interpretation of data were carried out by using frequency tables, cross tabulation, with selected dependent and independent variables. International labour migration is seen in direction and destination with increasing volume in study side.
 Methods: Simple random sampling procedure was applied to collect the primary data and information about the emigrants by using questionnaire. Descriptive research design was used and the total number of international labor migrants were 118 from 100 households. There are 118 respondents were found whereas 111 were male and 7 were female.
 Results: India has the highest volume of emigrants and the flow is increasing now towards Malaysia from Nepal. Skilled migrant workers get high paid jobs. Reliability of human resource agencies have also played the crucial role in finding the work and wage. Amount, frequency and regularity of remittances depend upon the types of works, companies and the destination country. International money express, banks, and western union money transfer are mostly used channels for sending money. The rise in income is evident in the emigrant's household but the expenditure increasing. Unemployment, insufficient agricultural land and poverty are the key factors for emigration associated with origin. Due to the low level of education migrant workers get highly paid in destination countries compared to Nepal. Availability of unskilled works in the destination countries seems appealing to the low educated migrant workers.

Social guarantees for cross-border and seasonal workers in Europe during COVID-19 and other global crises

Globalization has intensified international migration, which is a powerful driver and an important factor of political, economic, social, and demographic changes in the countries of the world economy. The decision to migrate is mainly based on economic motives, but a migrant's choice of destination country is often determined by personal factors, which in modern conditions are formed under the influence of the system of social ties. Almost all countries of the world are now involved in international labour migration, and it has become increasingly widespread, resulting in many new problems for both states and the world community as a whole. The issue of protecting the rights of labour migrants in the EU is of particular relevance. The purpose of this study is to highlight the protection of labour migrants in the context of COVID-19 and other global crises. The article uses some general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, forecasting), as well as special legal scientific methods, including historical, formal legal, structural, and functional. As a result, the article examines measures and policies adopted by the countries of the European Union to improve the social protection of cross-border and seasonal workers during the crisis, as well as recommendations for further steps in this direction. The article provides a narrative analysis of social guarantees for cross-border and seasonal workers in Europe during the global crisis, which can be positioned for research in international labor law, social sciences, migration studies and economics.

Parental international migration and health of children left-behind: evidence from an Asian economy

PurposeThere is a considerable gap in the literature examining the effect of parental international migration on children’s health in Pakistan. The author aims to examine the impact of parental international labour migration on the health (anthropometric measures) of children left-behind in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe author investigates the impact of parental international labour migration on the health (anthropometric measures) of children left-behind in Pakistan using econometric estimation techniques and the latest wave of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. The main child health measures the author uses include weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores for children under five years of age. Since unobservable factors may be vital determinants of the child nutrition outcomes, the author uses two unique instrumental variables to address the potential endogeneity problem.FindingsThe author finds that international migration improves the left-behind children’s weight-for-age and height-for-age nutritional outcomes, generating essential policy insights.Originality/valueTo the best of the auhtor’s knowledge, no previous study has been conducted on parental migration and left-behind children in Pakistan using the latest Demographic and Health Survey.