International Islamic Research Articles

EVALUASI PROGRAM PRAKTEK BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN ISLAM INTERNASION AL AL-ANDALUS

This study aims to identify and analyze the evaluation of the Arabic language practice program at the Al-Andalus International Islamic Boarding School. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the CIPP evaluation approach. In this study the data collection techniques carried out by researchers were observation, interviews and documentation. After the data has been collected, an analysis is carried out with data reduction, data display and verification to obtain an overview of the implementation of the evaluation of the Arabic language practice program at the Al-Andalus International Islamic Boarding School. The results of the study show that: 1) the context evaluation component of the Arabic language training program is in accordance with the background of the program, the objectives of the program, the interests of the participants and the targets of the participants in participating in the program; 2) the input evaluation component in the Islamic boarding school environment is in accordance with the criteria, namely teachers who have and master 4 Arabic language competencies, namely; speaking, writing, reading and listening as well as having teaching experience. Meanwhile, in terms of facilities and infrastructure, more support is needed; 3) the process evaluation component is in accordance with the program design, namely it already has a foundation of objectives, timeframe, methods, strategies, in the implementation of the program students are actively involved in this practicum activity but not all strategies can be carried out, and 4) the product evaluation component of the practicum program implementation has went well and in line with expectations so as to be able to produce alumni who master Arabic both orally and in writing.

Integrating ‘Sejahtera’: A Holistic Approach at Agoda

The case describes a practical approach adopted by a young Customer Service Specialist, Amalina Basir at Agoda, one of the world’s fastest growing online travel agencies. With a humble start in 2018 as a frontliner who managed calls, emails, and expectations between customers and their bookings, Amalina developed her career at Agoda. In 2021, Amalina was promoted as a Knowledge Management Specialist. Amalina often faced a compelling dilemma to find balance between giving the best services to the customers and maintaining the company’s best practices. Guided by an indigenous Malay concept of ‘sejahtera’, Amalina navigated her budding journey at Agoda in a holistic and balanced manner. Amalina’s ‘sejahtera’ principle was enhanced when she enrolled in an elective course on ‘Sejahtera Leadership’ during her studies in part-time Master of Business Administration (MBA) at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Sejahtera Leadership taught Amalina to give a holistic view on the ten interconnected elements (i.e., SPICES) and find balance between the elements towards achieving a ‘sejahtera’ state and sustainable services in online travelling business.

Challenges Faced by Faculty of Medical Education Due to the Structural Variation in its Departments across Medical Colleges

Aim: To explore the challenges faced by faculty of medical education due to structural variation of Department of Medical Education (DME). Study Design: Qualitative study Place and duration of study: Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University Rawalpindi from 1st March to 31st August 2022. Methodology: Interviews were taken from 11 DME faculty members through Zoom which were recorded and transcribed. Coding of data and thematic analysis were conducted manually. Results: The current setups of DME showed variation in hierarchical structure, they are having minimum one member or maximum five members. The challenges faced by Health Professions Educationists due to structural variation are lack of trained, experienced and qualified faculty, support staff, infrastructure, funds, resistance from faculty and administration. Internal and external politics, lack of authority and no autonomy results in demoralizing the morale of DME. Conclusion: The number of faculty members, support staff and the hierarchy of DME is left completely to the discretion of the medical college management. Trained faculty, protected time for research, proper hierarchical structure and provision of funds may facilitate in achievement of basic and quality standards set by accreditation bodies. Key words: Department of medical education (DME), Health professions education, Medical educationist, Hierarchical structure

Perceived stress and sleep quality among health care faculty and postgraduate students during COVID- 19 pandemic lockdown

Background: Perceived Stress and quality of sleep are major determinants of physical and mental health. Objective: To determine perceived stress and sleep quality among medical, dental and rehabilitation sciences faculties and its association with age, discipline and designation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic International Medical and Dental Colleges, and College of Rehabilitation Sciences of Riphah International University from July till September 2021. Two validated questionnaires Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered with informed consent using convenience sampling after ERC approval. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Spearman rank- order correlation test was used for correlation between variables. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 220 study participants, there were 119(54.1%) medical, 56(25.5%) dental and 45(20.5%) rehabilitation sciences professionals with 184 (83.6%) postgraduate residents and 40 (12.2%) consultants. Moderate stress was reported by 111 (93.3%) medical, 56 (100%) dental and 42 (93.3%) rehabilitation sciences professionals. Higher levels of stress were reported at ages 27-40 years (p=0.007), rehabilitation sciences (p=<0.001) and postgraduate students (p=<0.001). Poor sleep quality was found in medical and dental professionals (p=0.008) and post-graduate students (p=0.01). There was a positive intermediate correlation between stress and sleep disturbance (p<0.05). Sleep showed a weak negative correlation with discipline (p<0.05) and designation (p<0.05). Stress was weakly correlated with designation (p<0.05) and positively with age (p<0.05). Conclusion: A higher level of stress was detected in health care professionals in 27-40 years age groups, rehabilitation sciences and postgraduate students while poor sleep quality was reported more in medical and dental faculties and post graduate students' group.

The Impact of The Fourth Industrial Revolution on IIUM Student’s Motivation in Learning Islamic Education

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has impacted several fields, including education. Along with the rapid development of technology, the education sector is also progressing to encourage this development. Students need to stay motivated in learning Islamic education subjects and make good use of all the technology presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study aimed to describe the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on students’ motivation in learning Islamic Education in Malaysia, especially among students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). This study used a survey approach. The survey is in the form of a questionnaire in google form to make it easily accessed by students. The sample for this research consisted of 51 International Islamic University of Malaysia students with a random sampling technique. The researcher analyzed the data in-depth and concluded the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the motivation of IIUM students in learning Islamic Education. The result of this study is that phenomenon of Islamic education in the Industrial Revolution cannot be separated from gadgets and smartphones. Over half of the respondents, with a percentage of 71%, strongly said that students are very enthusiastic about using smartphones to learn through digital resources because it is easy for them to access information so that they can learn a lot about Islamic Education through smartphones or the internet. Thus, it can increase their motivation to learn Islamic Education. Furthermore, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has had a positive impact on IIUM Student’s Motivation in learning Islamic Education.

Frequency of anger and its potential relationship with Selfesteem and Adverse Childhood Experiences among Medical and Sociology undergraduate students in Pakistan.

To determine the frequency of clinical anger, adverse childhood experiences, self-esteem, and their mutual relationship among undergraduate medical and sociology students. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data from 400 undergraduate medical and sociology students was collected from the Northwest School of Medicine, Peshawar, and the sociology department of the International Islamic University, Islamabad, from July to September 2021. A self-administered questionnaire incorporating a Clinical Anger Scale (CAS), Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scale and Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE) scale was utilized for data collection. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and logistic regression model were executed to perform data analysis using SPSS. The mean CAS score was 19.65 ± 13.23 suggesting that 60.2% of the participants experienced mild to severe degrees of clinical anger. Females were experiencing more anger issues than males (64% vs 54%, p = .040) RSE scale showed that 72.8% of the participants had low self-esteem with a mean score of 12.70 ± 5.43. Besides, 51.5% of the participants had at least one type of adverse childhood experience while 15.8% of the sample population reported being sexually abused in childhood. Significant correlation was found between CAS and age, ACEs and RSE score (p = <0.01). The logistic regression model also suggested that the prevalence of anger was higher in individuals with ACEs (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.14, p = <.001) and low self-esteem (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.22, p = <.001). The high frequency of clinical anger necessitates the implementation of periodic screening across all universities. Keeping in mind the problem of low self-esteem and the history of ACEs, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies to preserve and improve the mental well-being of the young generation.

The fate of health professions education as a profession: a road less travelled.

To explore the views of academics about the identity of Health Professions Education as a discipline, its fate and sustainability as a profession. The qualitative exploratory study was conducted from February to July 2021 after approval from the ethics review committee of Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised both fulltime and part-time health professions educationists of either gender teaching in different institutions of seven cities of Pakistan; Taxila, Kamrah, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Lahore, Multan and Karachi. Using Professional Identity theory, data was collected through semi-structured one-on-one interviews which were conducted online. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and thematically analysed. Of the 14 participants, 7(50%) had qualifications and experience of other specialities as well, while 7(50%) were pure health professions educationists. Overall, 5(35%) subjects were from Rawalpindi, 3(21%) were serving in multiple cities including Peshawer, 2(14%) were from Taxilla and 1(7.5%) each was from Lahore, Karachi, Kamrah and Multan. Accumulated data led to 31 codes with 3 themes and 15 sub-themes. The main themes were identity of health professions education as a discipline, its fate and sustainability. Health professions education has established its identity as a discipline in Pakistan, with independent, fully functioning departments in medical and dental colleges across the country.

Whole-Genome Sequence of a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolate from Tap Water in an Intensive Care Unit

Here, we present a 4,508,936-bp complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain HW002Y, which was isolated from the tap water in an intensive care unit at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre at the International Islamic University of Malaysia (Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia). Sequencing was performed using a Nanopore Flongle flow cell.

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF POST-ISOMETRIC RELAXATION AND STATIC STRETCHING ON QUADRICEPS MUSCLE DURING VERTICAL JUMP IN VOLLEY BALL AND BASKETBALL PLAYERS

Background and Aim: In today sports such as volleyball and basketball, Vertical Jump is considered as important component that enhance the performance of athlete. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of muscle energy technique on vertical jump performance in volleyball and basketball players. Methodology: This Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at Islamic International University Islamabad. Twenty-nine athletes of age 18 – 35 playing basketball and volley as part time/domestic level were included. Post isometric relaxation technique was applied on group A (n=15) and static stretching was applied on group B (n=14). Surface electromyography activity of quadriceps and abdominal muscle was recorded, Stable time, airtime and vertical jump height were measured using two-axis force platform and vertical jump height was measured by motion sensor. Measurements were taken at baseline and immediately after applying interventions to both groups. Data entry and analysis were done by using software SPSS version 22. Results: Of the 29 athletes, 15 were in the group A and 14 were in the group B. Immediate assessment of vertical jump height was not significantly improved by post-isometric relaxation relative to static stretching (p=0.594). Muscle recruitment, ground reaction and vertical jump height improved apparently after post isometric relaxation but not significantly. Conclusion: It appears that post isometric relaxation and static stretching of quadriceps shows no significant difference in vertical jump height.

Effect of Depression on Serum Levels of Follicular Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Male Population of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi

Background: Depression is a psychiatric illness that affects the overall life quality of an individual. In depression along with other symptoms, one of the features affecting the personal life of individuals is loss of libido which is influenced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. This study was aimed to determine the serum levels of Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) in depressed male patients.&#x0D; Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was done at Islamic International Medical College and Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Military Hospital Rawalpindi after being approved by ethical review committee. After informed consent, 96 male individuals having 18 – 60 years of age participated in the current study. Participants were segregated into groups A and B. Gender and age-matched healthy subjects in a quantity of 24 were taken in group A whereas group B consisted of 72 male depressed patients. Serum gonadotropins levels of both groups were compared by using an independent student t-test in SPSS 21.&#x0D; Results: Serum FSH (2.66 ± 0.34 mIU/ml) and LH (2.67 ±0.18 mIU/ml) levels of Group A have shown no significant difference as compared to serum FSH (3.32 ± 0.43 mIU/ml) and LH (3.12 ± 0.19 mIU/ml) levels of Group B.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that serum FSH and LH levels were not significantly decreased in individuals with depression.&#x0D; Keywords: Depression, Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone&#x0D;

ISLAMIZATION OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE (IOHK) MEDIATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE (ISI) AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES OF STUDENT LEADERS (LCSL)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mediation of Islamization of Human Knowledge (IOHK) existed between the relationships of, Islamic Spiritual Intelligence (ISI), and leadership Competencies of Student Leaders (LCSL). Three hundred and seventy-two (N=372) students of IIUM were stratified and randomly selected from the population of student leaders. A full-fledged structural equation modeling was employed to validate the proposed model. The findings revealed that there was a significant positive effect of Islamic Spiritual Intelligence (ISI) on the Leadership Competencies of Student Leaders (LCSL) through the Islamization of Human Knowledge (IOHK) as a mediator. Besides, IOHK completely mediates through ISI and LCSL. This study could be useful in developing young minds to become ethical leaders and enhance the Islamization process at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).

PRICE MODERATION ON UNIVERSITIES’ REPUTATIONS AFFECTS STUDENTS’ INTENTION TO CHOOSE THE UNIVERSITIES

The research that compared the impact of brand equity and service quality on universities’ reputations of State Islamic University (SIU) and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), which affected Indonesian students’ intention to choose the universities, was conducted last year. This research aims to measure the moderation of price (study expense) on the effect of reputation on the intention to choose these two universities. The research samples were 128 Indonesian students from SIU and 128 from IIUM. The statistical tool used was Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed support for the hypotheses. Students’ intention to choose IIUM was higher than SIU due to IIUM’s higher reputation. The results showed that brand equity and service quality, as last year’s result affected reputation, and reputation still strongly affects the intention of students to choose the universities. Since the reputation of IIUM is higher than that of SIU, the intention to choose IIUM is also higher. Learning costs moderate the impact of reputation on intent. This research is the first one that compares students’ intentions to study in Indonesia or Malaysia based on their university reputation, where brand equity and service quality affect reputation. Most studies on this issue measured students’ satisfaction or loyalty. The limitation of this study is that it was online. The findings are expected to be useful for both universities in determining their strategies to enhance the reputation and intention of Indonesian students to study there. Keywords: Brand Equity, Price, Service Quality, Students’ Intention, University’s Reputation DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.8

International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022) Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & Communities August 29-30, 2022 · Penang, Malaysia

Editors Ayu Wazira Azhari, Naimah Ibrahim, Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan, Razi Ahmad, Norazian Mohamed Noor, Ho Li Ngee, Farrah Aini Dahalan, Ilya Joohari, Shamilah Anudai & Zulkarnain Hassan. Organiser Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Preface The International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022) - Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & Communities took place on 29 – 30 August 2022 at Penang, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Center of Excellence, Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China.This conference brought together researchers, practitioners, engineers and students worldwide in hope to extend networking, integrate knowledge and exchange ideas among participants. This year, the theme “Towards safe, resilient and sustainable cities for humankind” takes an in-depth look at cutting edge research and development that address major topics in various environmental sustainability-related research. Over 70 distinguish researchers, practitioners, engineers and students from across the country have presented their current and intriguing research in the scope of civil and environmental engineering and technology, which evolved around six major areas: water protection, water resources and hydrology, technologies for water management, energy and water, air and noise and sustainable materials.The conference has gained tremendous success due to collective efforts from the organizing committees, the co-organizers, the reviewers, presenters, and all participants. Special acknowledgment goes to the keynote speakers who assent our invitation and successfully delivered interesting talks to catch all the participants’ attention. The keynote speeches were delivered by Professor Dr. Kun Guo from the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University China with the topic “Microbial electrochemical technology for energy and resource recovery from wastewater” and Professor Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak Sapian from the Kullliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia with the topic “Madani Built Environment”We would like to thank all the reviewers involved in ensuring each contributed paper were refereed and accepted based on interests, relevance, innovation and pure contribution towards the civil and environmental engineering and technology fields. Acknowledgement and gratitude also goes to Astasoft Sdn. Bhd. and Mega Jati Academy for sponsoring this conference. Finally special thanks goes to the Universiti Malaysia Perlis for the continuous support throughout the conference event. Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin Chairman,International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering 2022 (CENVIRON2022)Special Issue on Sustainable Environment & CommunitiesList of Committee is available in this pdf.

Исламские рынки капитала: пример сукук

The sukuk market is a large and fast-growing segment of Islamic capital markets. But the challenges that post-Soviet countries, authorities and firms face in the adoption of sukuk strategies are mainly due to the scarce awareness of Islamic finance principles and practices, and to some suspicion of Islamic instruments that does not yet seem well-known and accepted on the global financial markets. In this regard, the current study attempts to describe the history and current state of the global sukuk market based on the evidence obtained from the secondary sources. Data were gathered using the qualitative method of systematic literature review technique. The main empirical corpus was formed from Islamic Financial Services Board and International Islamic Financial Market reports from 2010 to 2022. The initial corpus was then significantly expanded by means of content analysis of open media source. Thus this study synthesizes existing literature on the sukuk market published in the past decade. This study illustrates: (i) the history of the sukuk market starting from 1990s and the evolution of sukuk from the instrument of corporate funding to the instrument of sovereign financing; (ii) dynamics and structure of the global sukuk market, purposes and the currencies of the sukuk issuances; (iii) regional distribution and the key markets for sukuk issuances; (iv) statistics of defaults, pricing policy and yields of sukuk; (v) demand for sukuk and investors’ distribution by types and regions. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into the prospects and challenges of the application of sukuk as an alternative financing instrument in the CIS countries.

Prevalence of Chronic Endometritis in Unexplained Implantation Failure

Background: The actual load of chronic endometritis (CE) in the general population as well as implantation failure is still ill-defined, Aim of the study: was to assess incidence of CE at hysteroscopy and histology, in a cases with implantation failure at ICSI. Patients and methods: The International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research at Al Azhar University performed this prospective observational cross-sectional research from 2017 to 2022.The study was conducted on 150 women with one unexplained implantation failure or more at ICSI. Results: Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CE in 55/66 cases suspected to have CE by hysteroscopy (True Positive), while 11 cases were found to be free from CE (False Positive). On the other hand, histopathological examination confirmed absence of CE in 82/84 negative cases by hysteroscopy (True Negative), while only two cases were found to have CE (False Negative). In our study, hysteroscopy is trustworthy CE diagnostic method for CE in unexplained implantation failure with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV as 96.5%, 88.17%, 91.3%, 83.3% and, 97.6% respectively. Conclusion: According to this research, hysteroscopy is a useful diagnostic tool in women with unexplained implantation failure as regard CE diagnosis. However, endometrial samples should be obtained during hysteroscopy to increase the diagnostic accuracy.

The Ethical and Criminal Responsibilities of Medical Doctors: A Perspective from Afghanistan Laws and the International Islamic Charter of Health and Medical Ethics

Medical doctors have the responsibility to observe all medical ethical principles during the treatment of patients to ensure their rights and strengthen trust in the medical sector. Some non-observance of these principles remains in ethical responsibility and some of them bring under criminal responsibility due to their high value. Whereas, if these principles are not observed, the medical sector will face serious challenges. This study discusses the ethical and criminal responsibilities of medical doctors, which are listed in the laws of Afghanistan and the International Islamic Charter of Medical and Health Ethics, and the causes which the thorough observance of these responsibilities has faced challenges. The study aims to inform medical doctors about their ethical and criminal responsibilities and to understand responsible organizations about the causes of the scarce care to it. The study is qualitative in nature and employs an analytical-descriptive research design. Secondary sources such as books, laws, regulations, online journals, scientific articles, and the International Islamic Charter of Medical and Health Ethics were utilized, and any terms requiring definition and clarification were provided after each main paragraph. The finding of this study shows that if medical doctors do not care about those responsibilities which include the laws of Afghanistan, the violator of ethical principles will be disciplined according to the regulation of medical ethics, and those who act against the penal code, will be punished accordingly. Moreover, the consideration of limited action as a crime in the penal code caused scarce care for the complete observance of those responsibilities. In the law of Afghanistan, medical doctors have a series of obligations in addition to their rights, such as respect for the patient, compliance with clinical standards, providing appropriate facilities, accurate diagnosis and treatments of the patient and so on that should be followed.

The effect of financial technology on Islamic banks performance in Jordan: Panel data analysis

Thanks to technological advancements in finance, Islamic banking might surely spread throughout developing nations and become more viable in the financial industry. The present investigation aims to thoroughly explore the impact of fintech upon Islamic banks and also investigate how fintech facilities affect Islamic banks performance within Jordan. A strategy known as a quantitative-descriptive inquiry was used in the inquiry. This study made use of yearly data (a panel data) that was collected from banking organizations using statistics based on yearly reports provided by Jordan Islamic bank, Safwa Islamic Bank and International Arab Islamic Bank listed alongside the Amman Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. The study discovered that financial performance of Islamic Banks was significantly impacted by Fintech services including online banking along with mobile banking. The increased beta value predicts that between 2017 to 2021, the financial prosperity of Arab Islamic International Bank, Jordan Islamic Bank, and Safwa Islamic Bank would be positively correlated with Fintech services. Additionally, it was discovered that SMS Financing and crowdsourcing had a detrimental impact on Islamic Banks financial performance. The investigation concludes by recommending that Islamic banking included in the study step up their attempts to educate the public about Islamic banking facilities.

SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND AFFECTIVE STYLES OF EMOTION REGULATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Being social animals human being always strive to interact with others, which needs social competence. However they need to manage their emotions also. This particular research was carried out to find the relationship between social competence and different affective styles of emotion regulation of university students. Moreover the gender difference on social competence and affective styles of emotion regulation was also checked. Correlation research design was used and data were collected through survey technique from male and female students of Foundation University, COMSATS University, Quaid-i-Azam University, Capital University and International Islamic University. Social Competence Scale and Affective Style Questionnaire were administered on university students for data collection which were analysed using mean, Standard Deviation, t-Test and pearson correlation. A significant correlation between social competence and affective styles of emotional regulation (adjusting, tolerating and concealing styles) was found. It was also observed that gender difference between university students on social competence was significant. However gender difference on emotional regulation was non-significant. Using positive affective styles of emotional regulation can help to reduce stress, tension, anxiety and depression among university students.

Tawakkul in the Qur'an as Coping Mechanism for IIUM Student Mastery in Coping with the Covid-19 Challenges

It is a known fact that Covid-19 has affected all academic activities including at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). There were many implications on students’ lives in terms of their academic affairs, mental health, finance, etc. In such a situation, tawakkul as coping mechanism plays a significant part, as it can define one’s capability in coping not only with the challenges due to Covid-19, but also with some tests from Allāh. This study analysed the perception of Hamka on Qur´ānic verses related to tawakkul. It also looked at how IIUM students dealt with challenges brought on by Covid-19. This study employed a qualitative research method in collecting data through semi-structured interviews and analysing them. The findings showed that tawakkul as coping mechanism according to Hamka refers to having strong imān in order to be able to overcome painful or difficult emotions. When tawakkul is considered as a coping mechanism, it appeared that it has a very considerable overlap and can be applied for the purpose of assisting one to live a better life. This is due to the fact that practising tawakkul as coping mechanisms will assist one in overcoming painful or difficult emotions. The findings also revealed that all of respondents believed that tawakkul was immensely helpful in coping with the challenges they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rethinking International Order According to Islamic International Relations Principles

The world today needs to recognise the differences and varieties of religions, cultures., societies and economies among countries. It is necessary for states and nations to uphold the law towards a common purpose, i.e. to regulate life in peace and harmony. Similarly, an international order will establish an allied world government or a coalition of allies with the executive machinery that is necessary for its implementation. This government will be supported by the international law in place that can be utilised by all, regardless of governments, institutions, communities or individuals. Therefore, the world today needs to re-establish an international order that would result in a peaceful and rational in fulfilling human needs. Thus, this article elaborates on the international order from anIslamic perspective and notes that Islam has introduced effective principles which are suitable and acceptable to all communities.