International Islamic Research Articles

The Impact of Symptomatic Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) on Health-Related Quality of Life (HR Qol) in A Multi-Ethnics Society in a Developing Nation

INTRODUCTION: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common condition especially among those of advance age that is often neglected. As the disease severity progresses, it increases the healthcare cost and resources required, while diminishing the quality of life of the persons. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among CVI patients begins to decline once the symptom starts to appear, and reduces it further as the symptoms worsens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, multi-centred, cross-sectional study on consenting symptomatic CVI patients who presented to the International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) teaching hospital in Pahang, Malaysia. The diagnosis of CVI was confirmed on duplex imaging. Clinical grading was performed using Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification. Patients completed generic validated Malay language Short Form 36 (SF36) HRQoL instrument. RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients (62% male) with a mean age of 57 years, Malays (60%), Chinese (25%) and Indian (15%) were recruited. The most frequent CVD symptoms reported were pain (42%). The clinical, aetiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological (CEAP) classification placed most patients in the C2 class (34%). Apart from partaking in social functions, all other elements of mental and physical health component of SF 36 showed a marked deterioration as the disease progressed. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant decline in the HRQoL among symptomatic CVI patients presenting to IIUM hospital in a multi-ethnic developing country.

Exploring Undergraduate Students’ Mental Well-Being, Mental Health Seeking Attitude, and the Impact of Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study from Malaysia

Introduction: The future of our healthcare services highly depends on the current generation of health science students since they are the ones who will work in the healthcare setting. Ensuring their mental well-being is an utmost priority so that they can offer top-tier quality care and services to people in need. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mental well-being and mental help-seeking attitude among undergraduate sciences students and the impact of socioeconomic status toward both variables. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (N = 364) from six sciences schools at International Islamic University Malaysia via an online survey, which contained three main parts; socioeconomic status, mental well-being assessment using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and assessment of mental help-seeking attitude using the General Mental Help-Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS). Data were analysed using SPSS, version 29.0. Results: Only 7.1% of the students have positive mental well-being, while 44.8% scored positive mental help-seeking attitude. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in students’ mental well-being and any of SES components. There was a significant association between students’ year of study and mental help-seeking attitude (P = 0.029), in addition, WEMWBS and MHSAS scores showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Future studies are essential to find out the contributing factors, prevention, and intervention that can be done to help the student in need.

Takaful as an Islamic Alternative to Conventional Insurance: A Thematic and Bibliometric Review

Islamic insurance, or Takaful, offers a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, circumventing the prohibitions on uncertainty, interest, and speculation. This study presents a bibliometric review of 228 Takaful research articles from the Scopus database, using RStudio® for visualization from 1989 - mid 2023. The analysis encompasses science mapping techniques such as co-citation analysis, bibliometric coupling, word analysis, and trending topics on alternative investments. The findings reveal Malaysia as the leading nation in Takaful research, with significant contributions from International Islamic University Malaysia and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Prominent journals in this domain include the Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Journal of Islamic Marketing, and International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management. This study found the article entitled; “Establishing construct validity and reliability: Pilot testing of a qualitative interview for research in takaful (Islamic insurance)” written by Dikko (2016), as the most global cited document with 61 citations. Notably, the research focus has evolved from operational, shariah principles, and risk management to awareness, family Takaful innovations, micro-Takaful and relationship commitment. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, offering quantitative bibliometric insights and thematic analysis, and highlighting areas for future investigation.

Islamic Finance Transformation: A Bibliometric Analysis

This research paper aims to comprehensively examine the evolution, themes, and trends within Islamic finance transformation. This study used bibliometric analysis in biblioshiny R-Studio to collect and analyze relevant scholarly sources. We perform citation network analysis, co-authorship analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify the intellectual structure in Islamic finance transformation. We found that Malaysia is the most outstanding country in this topic, the Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research is the most outstanding journal, and International Islamic University Malaysia is the most outstanding affiliation. Our study also reveals a notable increase in publications on Islamic finance transformation over the past decade, indicating growing interest. Key themes identified include fintech, regulatory frameworks, ethics, and Islamic-conventional finance integration. We highlight influential scholars and journals shaping the field, showcasing its multidisciplinary nature. This research offers a comprehensive overview of Islamic finance transformation literature, synthesizing themes and highlighting ongoing research areas. The bibliometric analysis provides quantitative insights into influential works and scholars, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners navigating the evolving landscape of Islamic finance.

Imam Al-Shafi’i: The Founder of Islamic Law

Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Idrees Al-shafi'i is a theologian and renowned Islamic Scholar, who was the first contributor of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. He was a famous theologian and it was not his only forte, he also lectured on Poetry, Linguistics and Genealogy as well. His students cane from a varied array of disciplines. Among the four schools of thought of Muslims, Shafi'i is the Imam and founder of his school of thought. He was one of the four great Imams whose legacy on juridical matters and teachings eventually led to the formation of Shafi School of law. He is also the author of several prominent works in the field. Imam Shafi’I wrote many books and according to some narrations, the number is around 123. One of his famous books is Al-Risala. This is a book of his verdict’s specific issues, rather it was a book settling the principles of Islamic jurisprudence upon which every school of thoughts agree. He was one of the first people in the history of Islam who developed this branch of the religion. Another book comprising his rulings called Al-Umm has also become widely popular. Just as his book Al-Risala has the status of the first book and the primary source in the principles of Jurisprudence, like that his book Al-Umm has the status of the primary source in the field of Jurisprudence. The Shafi’i school of Jurisprudence is based on these books. The complete Jurisprudence has been compiled on the basis of these books. Imam Shafi’i write these books in his last year’s, in the early 3rd Century, when he was living in Egypt. In Egypt he not only rearranged Al-Risala, but also revised most of the issues of his Jurisprudence and compiled a collection of them in the form of Kitab Al-Umm. This book was dictated by him to his students and it is through them that it is available today. The four volume book Al-Umm also discussed a special chapter of Jurisprudence, International Islamic Law of War. That’s why it is also used in the formulation of international law. In the Risala which laid down the basis for various legal doctrines, al-Shafi’i established the overriding authority, based only to the Quran and the Sunnah or examples of the Holy Prophet PBUH as transmitted in the traditions. Shafi'i elaborated a system of positive law and a rudimentary legal theory that attracted a number of scholars. His two chief treatises that survived are al-Umm, a collection mainly concerned with positive law and disagreements among the early jurists, and al-Risala, a work on legal theory with particular emphasis on Prophetic Traditions, as a binding source of law. He set a new road towards Islamic Law through these two precious books. His contribution towards Islamic law is able to be discussed and remembered. The article will deal with the contributions of Al- shafi’i in Islamic Law in the light and approach of Al-Umm and Al-Risala.

Error Analysis of English Writing in Final Year Projects in Malaysia: The Case of IIUM

This study conducted an Error Analysis (EA) on written dissertations by undergraduates from the English Language and Literature (BENL) department at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Despite the abundance of research on EA conducted with multiple samples and backgrounds, only a few studies concerning EA can be found and accessed in a Malaysian context. Thus, this paper aims to find the most common errors committed by undergraduates in Malaysia, focusing on their theses that adhered strictly to academic writing. Using Stephen Pit Corder's EA framework, a qualitative approach was employed to find the errors in the written samples. Additionally, this research synthesised the results of the Lunsford & Connors' study in 1988 with several studies on the Malaysian context that were compared and contrasted with findings from the interview session with lecturers from the BENL department to find the most common errors in writing among Malaysians. This paper's results demonstrate that the most common errors from IIUM undergraduates are word choice, punctuation, prepositions, plurality and singularity, verbs, articles, pronoun, ambiguity, adverbs, and subject-verb agreement. Similar to the synthesis, word choice remains the most highlighted classification of errors. In contrast, it is revealed that subject-verb agreement (SVA) is not the most frequent error. One possible justification for this finding is accessible online grammar checkers that revise students' writing with basic grammar rules. Therefore, this paper has contributed to Error Analysis in theses to benefit language learners, both learners and teachers and researchers interested in the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) field in Malaysia.

A Comparative Analysis of Shariah Stock Screening Methodology for Securities Commission Malaysia and Major International Shariah Index Providers

This article reviews and compares the Shariah stock screening methodologies adopted by the Securities Commission (SC) of Malaysia and major international Shariah index providers including Dow Jones Islamic Market World Index (DJIM), Financial Times Stock Exchange Islamic Index Series (FTSE), Standard & Poor’s Shariah Index (S&P), and Morgan Stanley Capital International Islamic Index (MSCI). Qualitative methods are used to assess the Shariah stock screening methods and standards practiced by these five renowned institutions. A comparative analysis scrutinizes the variances between these methods and principles. The study reveals both similarities and differences in the Shariah stock screening methodologies developed by the five institutions. In general, all utilise a two-tier screening method involving qualitative and quantitative filters. Comparing the qualitative screening practices shows some institutions are more specific in listing Shariah non-compliant activities, while others take a more general approach in permitting business activities to be Shariah compliant. For quantitative screening, the allowable threshold ratios differ slightly between institutions. Overall, the language has been simplified and made more concise while preserving the key information.

International Islamic University Malaysia’s (IIUM) Islamic Education Teacher Trainees’ Self-Efficacy during Teaching Practicum

International Islamic University Malaysia’s (IIUM) Islamic Education Teacher Trainees’ Self-Efficacy during Teaching Practicum

Are we straining to succeed? Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists in teaching hospitals.

To determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to March 2023 after approval from the ethics review committee of the Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad, and comprised dentists associated with 4 major dental teaching hospitals in the city. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from literature. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was explored along with its association with variables, like age, gender, experience, designation and history of injury. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Of the 250 forms distributed, 188 (75.2%) were returned duly filled, while the remaining participants either did not respond or partially filled out the forms. Among the respondents, 64(34%) were males and 124(66%) were females, and the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was 172(91.5%). There was no significant difference among the variables based on anatomic site-specific data, except the designation variable, with individuals having a history of injury to neck (p=0.027) or shoulder (p=0.001) and those designated as professor (p=0.040) were significantly at risk of developing pain due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A significantly high number of dentists were found to have some form of work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

A Retrospective Review of Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Three Years of Experience at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre at International Islamic University Malaysia.

Introduction Endogenous endophthalmitis is characterized by severe intraocular inflammation caused by the invasion of microorganisms into the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It results from hematogenous spread from distant foci of infection. This, in turn, leads to potential vision loss and blindness due to reduced anatomical and functional outcomes. The latest reported prevalence of endogenous endophthalmitis accounts for at least 2-8% of cases of general endophthalmitis which is fairly significant. Purpose This study aimed to analyze the clinical profile of endogenous endophthalmitis presented in the Ophthalmology Clinic, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre atInternational Islamic University Malaysia (SASMEC@IIUM). This study includes the patients' demographics, clinical manifestations, causative organism, treatment, and final visual outcome. Methods This is a retrospective case seriesof endogenous endophthalmitispatients from January 2020 to June 2023. The data were obtained from the patients' medical records in SASMEC@IIUM. Results A total of six patients (six eyes) were diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis from January 2020 to June 2023. Four patients (66.6%) were female, with a mean age of 51.6 ± 17.5 years. Presenting visual acuity ranged between 6/21 to hand movement (HM). Five patients (83.3%) presented with reduced vision, while one presented with eye redness (16.6%). Ocular signs included vitritis and retinitis (five eyes, 83.3%), hypopyon (five eyes, 83.3%), injected conjunctiva (five eyes, 83.3%), and eyelid swelling (one eye, 16.6%). The most common primary infection seen was intraabdominal sepsis (three patients, 50%), septic arthritis, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and urinary tract infection (UTI). Vitreous biopsy was only positive in two patients (33.3%) However, five out of the six patients (83.3%) had positive blood cultures (two Staphylococcus aureus,two Klebsiella pneumoniae and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All patients received intravitreal injections and intravenous antibiotics. Only one patient underwent subsequent trans pars plana vitrectomy (TPPV). Final visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to no light perception (NPL). Conclusion In this case series of six patients, we observed a variety of outcomes with similar presentations despite standardized treatment in all patients. Five out of six patients showed poorer visual outcomes and only one patient showed a final visual acuity of 6/6. Therefore, further study with a larger sample size is needed to evaluate the factors associated with the final visual outcome in endogenous endophthalmitis.

Editorial Information

CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dr. Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF & TECHNICAL EDITOR Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fadzil Ismail IIUM, Malaysia DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Prof. Dr. AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Asst. Prof. Dr. Norhanis Diyana Binti Nizarudin, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORS (IIUM, Malaysia) Prof. Dr. Gairuazmi Mat Ghani Prof. Dr. Farid Sufian Shuaib Prof. Dr. Shukran Abd. Rahman Prof. Dr Jamalludin Ab Rahman Prof. Dr. Noor Lide Abu Kassim Prof. Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak Sapian Prof Dr Abd Rahman Ahlan Prof. Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion Prof. Dr. Rusni Hassan Prof. Dr. Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi Prof. Hamzah Mohd. Salleh Prof Dr AbdelAziz Berghout Prof Dr Ahmad Aidil Arafat bin Dzulkarnain Assoc. Prof. Dr. Badri Najib bin Zubir Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sany Izan Ihsan Assoc. Prof Dr Jesni Shamsul Shaari Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohd Azrul Azlen Abd Hamid Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan Asst. Prof. Dr. Juliana binti Md. Jaffri LANGUAGE EDITORS (IIUM, Malaysia) English Language Division Assoc. Prof. Datin Dr. Engku Haliza Engku Ibrahim Dr. Faridah Abdul Malik Bahasa Melayu Division Nurma bintiAbd Karim Nurul Husni binti Zawawil Anwar Quranic Language Division Dr. Zakaria Omar Dr. Nordin Ahmad ADVISORY COMMITTEE Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri. Dr. Mohd Kamal Bin Hassan Prof. Datuk Dr. Asma binti Ismail EDITORIAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS Prof. Dr. Nasser Mohammad Amjad AIMS & SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE (IJIoK) The International Journal on Integration of Knowledge aims to promote excellence by providing avenues for academics and professionals to publish current and significant research in integrating knowledge that tests, extends, or builds theories. This multidisciplinary journal considers review and research articles related to Social Sciences and Humanities, Science and Technology, Health and Life Science, Finance and Commerce, and Language and Literature. IJIoK accepts submissions from all fields and any source for fundamental and applied investigations related to the Integration of Knowledge with peer review, ensuring high-quality articles. REFEREES’ NETWORK All papers submitted to the International Journal on Integration of Knowledge will be subjected to rigorous review through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM Journal website at https://journals.iium.edu.my/ij/index.php/iok. The journal website can also be used for further correspondence on the paper's status. Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298 Whilst the publisher and editorial board make every effort to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.

International Political Dynamics and Islamic Jurisprudence: Understanding the Roots of Terrorism

This paper critically examines the intricate challenges involved in defining terrorism, emphasizing the political instrumentalization of Islam as a perceived threat. It delves into the multifaceted nature of terrorism by exploring various definitions and the underlying political motivations. The study then transitions to an in-depth analysis of Islamic jurisprudence's unequivocal stance against violence and terrorism, highlighting the consistent and unanimous condemnation by Islamic scholars. By scrutinizing the ethical principles that govern warfare in Islam, including the protection of non-combatants and the conditions under which violence is permissible, the paper offers a nuanced and comprehensive perspective on how Islamic teachings fundamentally oppose terrorism. This analysis is supported by references to primary Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) and classical jurisprudential sources, ensuring a thorough understanding of Islamic legal principles. Furthermore, the paper addresses the broader socio-political implications of framing Islam as synonymous with terrorism. It examines the impact of this narrative on public perceptions, policy-making, and the rise of Islamophobia. The study also considers the strategic motivations behind this framing, particularly in the context of post-9/11 geopolitical dynamics and the subsequent "War on Terror." This paper aims to explore Islamic teachings that prohibit violence and terrorism, the debates among Islamic scholars regarding the punishment for such acts, and the geopolitical motivations behind portraying Islam as a threat. By doing so, it seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of this framing on international relations, public perceptions, and counter-terrorism strategies. The paper concludes with a set of strategic recommendations aimed at promoting accurate representations of Islam. These recommendations emphasize the importance of nuanced and informed public discourse, the role of educational initiatives in dispelling myths and stereotypes, and the need for collaborative international efforts to enhance global counter-terrorism strategies. Additionally, the paper calls for fostering international cooperation to address the root causes of terrorism, such as political repression, socio-economic inequalities, and foreign interventions, thereby promoting a more just and peaceful global order.

The Role of Direct Credit Facilities in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises in Jordan Case Study (Islamic International Arab Bank)

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the role of Islamic banks operating in Jordan (Islamic International Arab Bank) in providing appropriate financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, and on the effectiveness of the financing methods adopted in the Jordanian Islamic banks to finance small and medium-sized projects, and on the most important obstacles and difficulties facing Islamic banks (Islamic International Arab Bank) when providing appropriate financing to small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: The study relied on the descriptive approach in order to describe and explain the role of Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises and to identify the most important obstacles faced by Islamic banks. Results: The study concluded that there is a role for Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises, which is a strong relationship, since the correlation coefficient is 99.8, and there is an effectiveness of Islamic financing formulas in financing small and medium enterprises. There are some obstacles that Islamic banks (International Arab Islamic Bank) face when providing financing to small and medium enterprises. Conclusion: The study recommended the need for the competent authorities such as the Central Bank to work to provide the elements of success for Islamic banks because of their important role in providing financing for small and medium enterprises. And that Islamic banks should provide feasibility studies for the projects that provide financing to them.

Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 7 No. 2 May 2024

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of the Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in May 2024. This edition contains ten articles: Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, and Management Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from five countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The authors come from several institutions, including Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Universitas Koperasi Indonesia, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Biomatics Indonesia, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics, Universitas Nasional, University of Ilorin, Summit University, Ambrose Alli University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala International University, Premium Medical Services, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Clarke International University, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, International Islamic University Malaysia, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Menur National Mental Hospital, and East Java Provincial Health Service. Editorial boards are fully aware that there is still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for publication in the next edition on August 2024. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Quantifying Intellectual Terrain: Islamic Jurisprudence, Ethical Discourse, and Scholarly Impact

This research aims to reveal the trend and development of scientific literature about Islamic law, ethics, and its worldwide significance, spanning the years 1954 to 2023. The utilization of quantitative and network analysis enables the mapping of alterations in publication patterns, the identification of affiliations and highly productive authors, and the highlighting of journals with substantial influence. The findings indicate a significant increase in the number of published works since 1995, particularly in the early 21st century. Notably, the International Islamic University Malaysia and writers El-Seoudi, A.W.M.M. and Jadalhaq, I.M. have made considerable contributions to this surge. The examination of journals emphasizes the significant influence of "Islamic Law and Society" in the relevant literature. Furthermore, specific works like Ashraf D's publication in the "Journal of Business Ethics" in 2016 demonstrate a considerable impact in the scientific literature. Through a comprehensive examination of publication trends and influential works, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic law and ethics within academic circles. It underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and engagement with diverse perspectives to grasp the complexities of Islamic jurisprudence and ethical frameworks. In conclusion, this research provides a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the intricate terrain of Islamic law and ethics. By delineating trends, identifying key contributors, and highlighting influential publications, the study offers a nuanced perspective on the evolving discourse surrounding these critical subjects.

Association of eating habits with mitochondrial DNA copy number in eveningness chronotypes: origin research

Objective: To determine the relationship between eating habits and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number in adult cases of eveningness chronotypes. Method: The cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 at the Physiology Department of the Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the Genetic Resource Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised adult subjects who were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. The participants' eating habits were assessed using the Healthy Eating Assessment Questionnaire, and on they were divided into those with healthy eating habits in group A and those with unhealthy eating habits in group B. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted using the Chelex method, the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number of all participants was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data was analysed using SPSS 27. Results: Of the 80 subjects, 30(37.5%) were males and 50(62.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 24.27±6.91 years (range: 18-45 years). There were 40(50%) subjects in each group. The mean mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number in group A was 2.74±0.14 compared to 2.26±0.25 in group B (p<0.001). Conclusion: Subjects with healthy eating habits exhibited higher mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy numbers, indicating reduced damage to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Key Words: Mitochondria, Mitochondrial DNA, Eating habits, Chronotype.

Examining Teachers' and Learners' Perspectives on Multimedia Integration in Language Classrooms

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of teachers and learners’ about using multimedia and how the use of multimedia helps in language classroom. The study has been conducted at one of the leading universities of Bangladesh- International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC). The participants were MELT students and teachers of the department of English Language and Literature (DELL). Qualitative method was followed and interviews were taken from the participants for the descriptive findings of the study. Findings showed that multimedia is a motivating tool for language class and using multimedia technology combined with traditional teaching method is very helpful for learners. The study also marked up some limitations of using multimedia in language classroom. Keywords: Perception, technology, multimedia, language learning, language classroom.

Bibliometric Analysis: Risk Management in Islamic Finance Under The Islamic Jurisprudence Framework

Research Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the stakeholders who play the most role in risk management research in Islamic finance, analyze the evolution and trends in the topic to provide future research direction.Method: This study uses a bibliometric method in biblioshiny R-Studio. Observation data is taken from the Scopus database in the form of articles and English-language.Results: We found that MK Hassan is the leading author, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) is the leading affiliation, the Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research is the leading journal, and Malaysia is the leading country. We highlight the need for further studies to develop risk management models under Islamic principles. In addition, the rapid development of Islamic finance due to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 must be balanced with technology to minimize risks in Islamic finance.Novelty: Not only analyzes the publication quantitatively, this study also reviews the most cited papers. Furthermore, the overall analysis provides insight into the future direction of research.Conclusion: The trend of research on Islamic financial risk is not consistently growing. Besides that, the citation rate also shows a downward trend. This shows a lack of research interest in this topic. Furthermore, Islamic financial risk management is still dominated by the Islamic banking sector and limited to other sectors.

Impact of CYP3A4 rs2242480 polymorphisms on Imatinib HPLC determined trough concentration and response in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in Pakistani patients

Objective To ascertain the impact of CYP3A4 polymorphism on the therapeutic outcome of imatinib and its trough concentration Study design Descriptive analytical study Place and duration of the study This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Islamic International Medical College, between December 2020 and February 2022, in collaboration with the Institute of Biomedical Genetic Engineering, KRL Hospital Islamabad. Methods Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia age range–18-70 years were included in this study. One group comprised responders and the other group comprised non-responders. Imatinib trough levels in both groups were determined using High-performance Liquid Chromatography and compared, and the association was determined with therapeutic outcomes. DNA was extracted, and the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to identify the alleles. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results The imatinib concentration in patients with the homozygous wild allele CC of rs2242480 was higher(1298ng/ml) as compared with the mutant homozygous TT allele (489ng/ml) or heterozygous allele CT(873ng/ml) Conclusion There was a significant association between imatinib trough levels and CYP3A4 polymorphism, and trough concentration was found to be lower in patients with the TT or CT variant of rs2242480 than in patients with the CC genotype.

Preparing millennials for tomorrow: The evolution of character education in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools

The golden generation of the Indonesian nation is superior, and the millennial generation needs to be prepared to face the social order culture, world of work, scientific advances, technology, and digitization of big data. Therefore we need an educational process that links and matches with the industrial world and global changes in the future without abandoning noble character. Character education for Indonesia's golden generation is also carried out in Islamic educational institutions, namely Islamic boarding schools; Islamic boarding schools can be seen as social capital in developing Indonesian human resources. The concept of character education is also carried out and applied at the Aufia Thayyiba International Islamic Boarding School Agam West Sumatra Islamic Boarding School, with the principles of Panca Jiwa Pondok, in building the character of the golden generation of the Indonesian nation. This study aimed to determine the formation of the nature of the golden age of the Indonesian country based on the Panca Jiwa Pondok at the Aufia Thayyiba International Islamic Boarding School Agam Islamic Boarding School, West Sumatra. This research is qualitative research using a phenomenological approach. The subjects of this study were the director of the boarding school, the leadership of the boarding school, and the teachers. Data collection methods are interviews with purposive sampling techniques, observation, and documentation. The data is then analyzed using the inductive method, which emphasizes and describes the words and draws conclusions from these observations. The study results show that the formation of the character of the golden generation of the Indonesian nation is Aufia Thayyiba Agam International Islamic Boarding School by making the Panca Jiwa Pondok a philosophical foundation for its students to build character coupled with excellent programs and suitable methods.