International Islamic Research Articles

Dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A descriptive study.

To determine the frequency of suspected dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose, and its association with blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Medicine along with the Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised diabetics aged 19-80 years. Blood and urinary glucose were assessed at the point of contact. Blood glucose 80-180mg/dl was considered glucose in range and >180mg/dl glucose above range. Hyperfunction of sodium glucose transport receptors was suspected if urinary glucose was <++ and the function of these receptors was considered normal if urinary sugar was ++ or more. Association of suspected receptors functioning and their association with blood glucose levels was determined. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Of the 159 diabetics, 91(57%) were females and 68(43%) were males. The overall mean age was 57±11 years (range: 46-68 years). Of the total, 43(27%) patients had glucose in range and 116(73%) had glucose above range. Of the diabetics with glucose above range, 54(47%) patients had hyper-functioning sodium glucose transport receptors, and 62(53%) had normal functioning sodium glucose transport receptors. Of the patients with glucose in range, 11(26%) had hyperfunctioning sodium glucose transport receptors, and 32(74%) had normal functioning sodium glucose transport receptors. There was a significant association between sodium glucose transport receptors' function and blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Dysfunction of sodium glucose transport receptors affected the secretion of glucose in the urine, resulting in impaired glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases.

Integrating Technology in Tahfidzul Qur'an School Development Programs

Islamic educational institutions face the challenge of integrating information technology into their programs to enhance their long-term sustainability and effectiveness. However, there is limited research on how tahfidzul Qur'an programs can incorporate technological advances for improved school development. This study addresses this gap by exploring the development of an information technology-based tahfidzul Qur'an school program at Al Azhar International Islamic Boarding School. Utilizing an exploratory descriptive qualitative method, the research gathers insights from the school's founder to identify key strategies. The results indicate that careful planning, monitoring, and evaluation are essential for achieving long-term educational goals. Human resource development, seen as a valuable institutional asset, must be prioritized through regular training. Additionally, optimizing information media is crucial to increase the institution's visibility and attract prospective students. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on integrating technology into religious education management. The implications suggest that effective use of technology in tahfidzul Qur'an school programs can align graduate outcomes with the institution's vision and mission, setting a model for similar educational programs seeking sustainable development. Highlights: Strategic long-term planning is vital for program success. Human resource quality is crucial for institutional growth. Technology optimization attracts potential students and ensures program sustainability. Keywords: School Development, Information Technology, Tahfidzul Qur'an, Educational Planning, Human Resource Training

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC BANKS’ POPULARITY AMIDST THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY: INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA

The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aimed to achieve regional integration among all ASEAN member states, with particular emphasis on financial integration. Islamic banking is in line with the broader goals of the AEC, as an alternative financial system, helping to build a more resilient and inclusive financial system in the region. Because of this resiliency and inclusiveness, Islamic banks have been encouraged to develop into international banks in the ASEAN region through increasing their assets and earnings. This paper aims to examine the position of International Islamic banks (IIb) in the AEC under its conventional banking services: OCBC Bank from Singapore, Maybank and CIMB Bank from Malaysia. Through the analysis of banking trends, this qualitative study compares the level of popularity of those banks in Indonesia and Malaysia, the two Muslim-majority countries in ASEAN, after the initial establishment of the AEC period in 2016 to 2024. The findings indicated that the most popular Islamic financial services in Malaysia are provided by Maybank, while the most well-known Islamic financial services under IIb in Indonesia are provided by CIMB Bank. This paper provides an overview of the globalisation of IIb in ASEAN and fills a research gap on the development of IIb, particularly within the AEC.

The role of arginase estimation to predict hypertensive disorder of pregnancy at an earlier stage.

To determine the significance of serum arginase estimation as a predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia at an early stage. The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2022, at the Department of Chemical Pathology, in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Islamic International Medical College Trust, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised pregnant women with 20-25 weeks of gestation who were divided into three groups. Those having no complications were placed in control group A, those with pregnancy-induced hypertension in group B, and those with preeclampsia in group C. Serum arginase, uric acid, alanine transaminase, platelet count and spot urinary protein levels were measured for each subject. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Of the 90 women, 30(33.3%) were in group A with mean age 27.27±2.90 years, 30(33.3%) were in group B with mean age 30.17±2.48 years, and 30(33.3%) were in group C with mean age 29.33±3.11 years. There were significant intergroup differences in the mean levels of serum arginase, serum uric acid, alanine transaminase, platelet count and spot urinary protein (p<0.05). A moderate to marked increase in serum arginase levels in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia cases, combined with abnormal serum uric acid and alanine transaminase levels along with low platelet count suggested that serum arginase estimation could be used to predict hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at an early stage.

Impact of complete dentures treatment on Oral health-related quality of Life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients: A descriptive case series study.

To evaluate the changes in oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] before and three months after complete denture oral rehabilitation using the Geriatric oral health assessment index [GOHAI] in Pakistani elderly edentulous patients. In this descriptive case series study a total of 80 edentulous patients were recruited from Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from November 2021 to April 2022. The OHRQoL was evaluated twice by using the GOHAI- Urdu version. First, before getting the complete denture, and subsequently after three months of using a prosthesis. The data were analysed using SPSS-23. Pre and post-comparison were done by t-test. Moreover, the ANOVA test was utilized to assess the socio-demographic variables-GOHAI score and association. The mean GOHAI scores increased significantly from 22.9 (SD = 3.01) at baseline to 28.1 (SD = 5.59) after three months (P = 0.001), reflecting an overall increase of 5.2 points. At baseline, the ability of the patient to swallow comfortably was found to have the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.02 (SD= 1.24) and after three months of complete denture insertion, the same questionnaire item further improved with the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.43 (SD=1.05). The socio-demographic characteristics-based comparison of mean pre and post-insertion GOHAI scores suggested a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The OHRQoL in elderly edentulous patients improved after complete denture delivery, and a significant improvement was noted in most GOHAI domains.

Debt Repayment Between the Parity Standard and the Value Standard: A Critical Reading in Light of the Resolutions of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy

Debt Repayment Between the Parity Standard and the Value Standard: A Critical Reading in Light of the Resolutions of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH ISLAMIC MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/TEXAS INTO ARABIC

The present study evaluates and examines three translations, provided by three students who have master degree in translation, for a sample of English Islamic Marriage contract that is officially utilized by Muslims in the United States/ Texas. The central aim of the study is to identify the main issues which are usually faced by the legal translators in translating English International Islamic marriage contracts in the United States of America/Texas and Islamic matrimony registration forms and examining the procedures adopted by translators concerning the translation of official documentsThey followed Peter Newmark’s Theory (1988) of Semantic and Communicative translation in translating this legal document which includes cultural-bound terms related specifically to the Islamic beliefs and concepts that are considered fundamental parts of formulating such documents and raise a real challenge for legal translators due to the source language and target language related to diverse linguistic families and different legal systems and religious cultures. So, different translation issues have been committed by the translators in the usage of lexical items according to the current context. It is worth mentioning that the current document issued by "Frisco Masjid Inc.”, in which it is an organization concerning the affairs of Muslims in the American United States/Texas. The most important conclusion is the legal translator should first opt for the communicative technique due to the multiple terminologies that have no suitable equivalence in the target TL at the same time s/he should be aware of employing such procedure to grasp the alike alike ated lawful impact of the source language’s words.

The Third-Person Effect and Islamic Religiosity: Perceptions of Moral and Non-Moral Issues on Social Networking Sites among IIUM Students

Third-Person Effect theory (TPE) postulates that audiences deny the media's direct impact on themselves but perceive the same media as having a larger impact on others. This study examines TPE and its relationship with Islamic religiosity in shaping perceptions of moral and non-moral issues on social networking sites (SNS) among students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Another objective of this study is to determine how students perceive the effect of moral and non-moral issues in SNS on themselves compared to others. This study employed a quantitative design, with 357 students from the IIUM serving as respondents. The findings indicate that participants perceive moral issues as affecting others more than themselves, which is consistent with TPE. However, non-moral issues are perceived as influencing both the self and others. The results also indicate that Islamic religiosity positively affects the perceived impact of moral issues on others and non-moral issues on oneself in SNS. The data were analyzed using SPSS, with paired t-tests comparing self versus others' perceptions of moral and non-moral issues on SNS. The findings confirm that students perceive moral issues as having a greater impact on others than on themselves, aligning with TPE. Conversely, non-moral issues are perceived as influencing both the self and others, demonstrating SPE. The study also reveals that Islamic religiosity positively influences the perceived effect of moral issues on others and non-moral issues on oneself in SNS.

The Right of Reservation in International Treaties: From the Perspective of International Law and Islamic Political System

The Right of Reservation in International Treaties: From the Perspective of International Law and Islamic Political System

Navigating through pandemics: a bibliometric analysis of research trends in Islamic finance and Islamic banking

Purpose This study aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of 1,104 journal articles to explore the multifaceted research field of Islamic finance and banking, explicitly emphasising the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Insights into the evolving trends and dynamics within the academic discourse are presented. Findings The research highlights different patterns and collaborative networks through co-authorship, co-occurrence and thematic map analyses. Prior to the pandemic, research focused primarily on customer satisfaction and compliance with Shariah principles. However, the pandemic heralded an increased discourse on sustainability, fintech and the financial crisis. Research limitations/implications This review describes the prevailing academic terrain and identifies potential avenues for future research, particularly those that examine the socio-economic impact of the pandemic within the context of Islamic finance and banking. Originality/value Prominent author such as M. Kabir Hassan, leading institution such as the International Islamic University Malaysia and esteemed journal such as the International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management have been instrumental in shaping academic discussions and creating synergies in research. Moreover, Malaysia’s strong commitment to spatial research, evidenced by its robust global collaborations, underscores its pioneering role in the academic world of Islamic finance and banking.

Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of IIUM

A community with aging infrastructure while struggling with maintenance due to limited allocation is becoming more common. This study discusses the initiatives by the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) campus community of overcoming these challenges through Public-Private Partnerships. Instead of relying solely on government’s budget, IIUM and a private company embarked on a journey to achieve a landmark effort to become energy efficient and make a conscious effort to a better environment. Simultaneously, IIUM gets to reduce its carbon footprint which further strengthening the attainment of its Strategic Direction of Humanizing Education and the Sustainable Development Goals.

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH INDIAN ISLAMIC MARRIAGE CONTRACTS INTO ARABIC

The translation of Islamic marriage contracts from English into Arabic is an actual issue for an ordinary translator and even for a legal translator. Almost all translators in such a field of translation face the difficulty of grasping the straight and accurate equivalence in Arabic for specific linguistic terms. This problematic issue lies in the differences between the English legal system and the Arabic legal system. Another essential problem that legal translators usually face is the translating of items that are related directly to Islamic shariah and Islamic culture. The present research evaluates and inquiries about three translations for a sample of an English International Islamic marriage contract that is officially utilized by Muslims of India and translated by three MA Students who have master's degrees in translation. It is noteworthy to note that the assessment of these sample translations is defended on Peter Newmark's (1981) approach of Semantic and Communicative translation which is widely used in translating texts of languages from two different families such as English and Arabic. In closing, following the communicative procedure is the most equivalent option according to the context on one hand. On the other hand, the Semantic procedure is only acceptable when there is already a direct rendition for the items of ST into TT, So, Communicative is usually used in case of absence of equivalence. Or semantic procedure leads to translation non-identical from that of the source languages

Violence and its related factors among infertile women attending assisted reproductive technique unit at Al-Azhar University, Cairo

BackgroundViolence against women is a distressing issue particularly when they are infertile. Nevertheless, many women who are infertile and exposed to violence continue their marriage and justify such choice.AimThe current study aimed to assess the prevalence of violence against infertile women and its associated factors.Participants and methodsThis cross-sectional study involved 364 Egyptian women with primary infertility; they were randomly selected from the assisted reproductive technique unit of Al-Azhar University’s International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research. The data were collected through an interview questionnaire including the Infertile Women’s Exposure to Violence Determination Scale (IWEVDS), socio-demographic, conception, and community-related factors.ResultsModerate/high violence level was detected among 50.5% (95% CI = 45.3- 55.8%) of the studied infertile women, the mean ± SD of total score of IWEVDS was 48.27 ± 21.6. Exclusion was the most frequent type of violence among them. Binary logistic regression revealed that wives who had lower-educated husbands, lived in low-income families, had undergone prior IVF treatment, and who perceived gender inequality acceptance in society were more likely to expose to violence than others (OR = 3.76, 4.25, 2.05, and 2.08 respectively) (P value < 0.05).Conclusion and recommendationsInfertile women have frequent exposure to different types of violence and many factors were implicated in such condition. Despite exposure to violence, infertile women refused divorce because they had no alternative financial sources as well as they were afraid of loneliness. A community mobilization approach to control this problem through a collaboration of all stakeholders is recommended.

Artificial intelligence to predict pre-clinical dental student academic performance based on pre-university results: A preliminary study.

Admission into dental school involves selecting applicants for successful completion of the course. This study aimed to predict the academic performance of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia pre-clinical dental students based on admission results using artificial intelligence machine learning (ML) models, and Pearsoncorrelation coefficient (PCC). ML algorithms logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) models were applied. Academic performance prediction in pre-clinical years was made using three input parameters: age during admission, pre-university Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and total matriculation semester. PCC was deployed to identify the correlation between pre-university CGPA and dental school grades. The proposed models' classification accuracy ranged from 29% to 57%, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: RF, SVM, DT, and LR. Pre-university CGPA was shown to be predictive of dental students' academic performance; however, alone they did not yield optimal outcomes. RF was the most precise algorithm for predicting grades A, B, and C, followed by LR, DT, and SVM. In forecasting failure, LR predicted three grades with the highest recall, SVM predicted two grades, and DT predicted one. RF performance was insignificant. The findings demonstrated the application of ML algorithms and PCC to predict dental students' academic performance. However, it was limited by several factors. Each algorithm has unique performance qualities, and trade-offs between different performance metrics may be necessary. No definitive model stood out as the best algorithm for predicting student academic success in this study.

Prevalence of Non-classical Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia among Patients Managed as A polycystic Ovarian Syndrome using 17-Hydroxy-progesterone as A Biomarker

Background: Women with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) is presented with clinical manifestations similar to that of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Thus, the clinical differentiation between two conditions is challenging. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of NCAH in women managed as a polycystic ovarian disease. Patients and Methods: This work was conducted at the Assisted Reproduction Unit (International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University). It includes 120 women, 100 of them representing the patient group. Those women asked the medical advice for treatment of anovulation infertility by the Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The other 20 females represented the control group. They were treated for male-factor infertility. The prevalence of NCAH among female treated as PCOS was estimated. Results: The diagnosis of NCCAH was confirmed for 5% of women treated as PCOS in this study. The study also confirmed the clinical and biochemical similarities between the two conditions. However, the differentiation was possible by the significant difference of 17-hydroxyprogesterone between the two groups. A cutoff value of 3.98 ng/ml provided an excellent diagnostic power for NCAH. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.981, sensitivity was 100.0% and specificity was 97.89%. Conclusion: The measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone can be used as a screening tool to differentiation PCOS from NCAH, permitting proper treatment planning.

NavigateMe : An In-Building Navigation Application

For some people to reach their destination and complete their daily tasks, navigation systems serve as an aid, a tool, or an assistance. Currently, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) lacks an in-building navigation system that could assist users, particularly new students, in finding their way to the location of their choice. This paper has two goals. This study first examines the current campus navigation systems and the relevant research article. Second, this work suggests a mobile navigation system that facilitates user navigation within Kuliyyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT) facilities. Methods used to build the application were according to Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The suggested navigation application, NavigateMe, helps users navigate within buildings by providing sequential instructions and images of landmarks along the route. It stands out for being usable even in the event of sporadic internet connectivity. In conclusion, visitors and the IIUM community, particularly the new students of KICT, will benefit from an in-building navigation application like NavigateMe to effortlessly reach their destination.

Postoperative Complications of Third Molar Surgical Extraction in a Malaysian Sample

The most common impacted teeth in adults are the mandibular third molars which frequently require surgical extraction. There are many factors contributing to the occurrence of postoperative complications, one of which is surgeon’s experience. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of postoperative complications of third molar extractions by different level of surgical experience. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia. A total of 112 cases were collected from the records of surgical extraction of lower third molars performed by dental students, dental officers and specialists, collected data was transferred into special case sheets and analyzed using IBM SPSS 23. Results: From 112 cases, 64(57.1%) had presented with postoperative complications. The highest prevalence of postoperative complications was in dental students’ group 38 out of 62 patients (61.3%), followed by specialists’ group 20 out of 39 patients (51.3%) and dental officers’ group 6 out of 11 patients (51.6%). Meanwhile, the common complications observed were pain (33.9%), swelling (20.5%), trismus (12.5%), paresthesia (6.3%) and bleeding (3.0%). Conclusions: There is no statistically significant correlation between the postoperative complications and the level of surgeons’ experience.

Protection of Civilians and Treatment of Prisoners during War are at Stake: A Comparative Study

The atrocities of Israel's aggression perpetrated from 07 October 2023 on the civilian population and the treatment of prisoners of war shocked the world. Western governments have encouraged Israel to continue its tyranny. Many other governments around the world preferred to remain silent despite the presence of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This has led to a re-launch of the debate on the credibility of IHL and the positioning of International Islamic Humanitarian Law (IIHL) on the world stage. The aim of this study is therefore to compare IHL and IIHL, from a theoretical and practical point of view, in the field of the protection of civilians during war and the treatment of prisoners of war. To do this, we opted for a comparative approach between these two components, both conceptually and functionally. This approach focused, on the one hand, on the main sources of the Sharia, the Quran and the Sunnah, as well as on the opinions of Muslim scholars (ulamas), supported by concrete examples of the application of Islamic norms by the Prophet and the Rashidoun caliphs. On the other hand, it also examined all the conventions, treaties and other documents that constitute the sources of the IHL. From a theoretical point of view, the results showed that there are many similarities between the two laws. In practical terms, however, the IIHL stands out for its concrete form and effective application. These observations led us to recommend that the current world order be rethought in view of the juxtaposition of the IIHL and IHL rules.

The Effect of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) On Customer Satisfaction of Digital Services Users at Afghanistan Selected Commercial Banks (Afghanistan International Bank, Azizi Bank and Islamic Bank of Afghanistan)

This study investigates the impact of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) on customer satisfaction among users of digital services at commercial banks in Afghanistan, specifically Afghanistan International Bank, Azizi Bank, and Islamic Bank of Afghanistan. The banking sector in Afghanistan requires further development in expanding ATM infrastructure and enhancing customer satisfaction through improved user experience and support services. Utilizing a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis, the research examines primary data collected through questionnaires as well as secondary data sources. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between ATM usage and customer satisfaction. To enhance ATM availability and customer satisfaction, commercial banks in Afghanistan should strategically install and maintain ATMs, focusing on key locations in Kabul. Investing in ATM facilities can improve various dimensions of customer satisfaction.

Hamka’s Legal Methodology on Hisab–Ru’yah in His Book “Saya Kembali ke Ru’yah”

This research endeavors to explore the contextual shifts in Hamka’s perspectives on hisab-ru’yah and his methodological approach to legal reasoning. It adopts a normative legal research methodology with a conceptual framework. Primary legal sources are drawn from Hamka’s book “Saya kembali ke Ru’yah”. These sources are scrutinized through the lenses of uṣūl al-fiqh and the sociology of knowledge. The findings of this study indicate that the transformation in Hamka’s thinking stemmed from profound childhood experiences and culminated in a notable enlightenment during his participation in the International Islamic Conference in Malaysia. Ultimately, his stance evolved dramatically, concluding unequivocal support for the practice of ru’yah (moon sighting). Furthermore, there are also figures within Muhammadiyah who endorse both ru’yah and istikmāl (completing the lunar month if the moon is not sighted). This support has fortified Hamka despite facing considerable criticism. From the perspective of uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), Hamka’s shift in legal reasoning appears primarily theoretical, although he does not explicitly delineate the specific theory involved. This can be inferred from his interpretation of the hadith of ru’yah in alignment with the principles of manṭūq (explicit meaning) or dilālah al-‘ibārah (indicative meaning). In expressing his views, Hamka incorporates the opinions of scholars, indicating his reliance on the qaulī method. His personal joy during fasting and holiday celebrations concurrently reflects his alignment with the maṣlaḥah theory, enhancing unity and cohesion. However, this unity can only be fully realized under government regulation as the ūlīl amr (ruler), particularly concerning the outcomes of ru’yah and istikmāl. Such submission, beyond mere compliance, also falls within the realm of maṣlaḥah al-mu’tabarah (considered public interest). This research underscores the necessity of approaching legal provisions from multiple perspectives, rather than a singular viewpoint, to achieve the intended legal spirit and realize genuine benefits. Hamka’s methodology exemplifies him as a contextual integrative Muslim.