International Immigration Research Articles

Media Framing of Internal Immigrants: Exclusion and Sympathy towards Migrant Workers in China

This study examines the representation of China’s internal immigrants, commonly referred to as migrant workers, in four prominent Chinese newspapers that cater to various societal groups. We conduct a comprehensive examination of 48 news articles featuring the keyword “农民工” (migrant workers) using a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods. The findings highlight a prevailing pattern where newspapers, particularly those oriented toward intellectual audiences, contribute to the marginalization of migrant workers. Unfortunately, this prevailing trend perpetuates the exclusion of migrant workers, thereby perpetuating institutional discrimination. In light of China’s multicultural society, it is imperative to promote greater tolerance for migrant workers. However, it is crucial to recognize that genuine progress necessitates government intervention. It is incumbent upon both central and local authorities to actively advocate for equal treatment and integration opportunities for China’s migrant worker population, as minority survival cannot rely solely on media representation.

2071. Strongyloides stercoralis Testing in a Hospital in Bronx, NYC; A 3-year Experience

Abstract Background Once a parasitic infection limited to tropical/subtropical regions, as international travel and immigration continues to rise, Strongyloidiasis is now a disease also prevalent in non-endemic regions, including the United States. Its disease spectrum spans from an asymptomatic infection to a hyper-infection syndrome, predominantly in patients with HTLV-1 and/or on steroids, where it can be deadly if not recognized early. Methods Retrospective descriptive study describing patients who tested positive for Strongyloides stercoralis between 2019-2023 at Jacobi Medical Center, a safety net hospital in Bronx, NYC. Patients were diagnosed with a serum recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen from S. stercoralis-specific larvae. Results 108 patients were included; the mean age was 53.7+/-16 years, 63% were male. The most common place of birth was Latin America, Caribbean, Mexico in descending order. Prolonged steroid use (more than 1 week) reported by 7.4% and 8.3% had been exposed to chemotherapy/cytotoxic drugs. 92.5% of individuals were asymptomatic. Reason for testing was eosinophilia in 56.5% and migrant screening in 36.1%. The remaining (8%) patients were tested for diarrhea, urticaria and abdominal pain. Infectious diseases performed 76% of testing while primary care tested 15%. Mean time from immigration was 19.9 years. Stool testing was performed in 60 patients; larvae were seen 21.7% of these. Eosinophilia (abs >500/uL) was found in 70.4% of cases. Of the 29.6% w/o eosinophilia, 64.6 % of individuals reported an outdoor toilet. Ivermectin was given to 98% of cases. Conclusion Most cases were asymptomatic and identified on screening. Eosinophilia was seen in 2/3 of cases of strongyloidiasis, but 1/3 did not have eosinophilia. Larvae were reported in 21% of patients who had a stool for O/P underscoring the importance of establishing this diagnosis with serology. In patients without eosinophilia, strongyloidiasis should be considered if living conditions in country of birth put them at risk. As expected, patients had been in the US for many years prior to testing and only 15% of patients were screened by primary care. Increased awareness of the disease must be encouraged, especially amongst primary care physicians. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Deepening the divide: Does globalization increase the polarization between winners and losers of globalization?

Does globalization increase polarization in attitudes toward international trade, immigration, and international organizations? Research from a variety of fields and disciplines assumes this relationship, but empirical studies are few. In this study, I examine whether globalization increases the attitudinal divide between education groups, with education being one of the main characteristics of social stratification distinguishing winners from losers of globalization. I use data from three waves of the National Identity Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 1995 to 2013 covering 29 countries (n=79,101) to analyze between- and within-country interactions between the level of globalization and education in explaining attitudes toward globalization. The results show that while the attitudinal divide between educational groups is larger in countries with higher levels of globalization (between effect), polarization decreases as the level of globalization increases within countries (within effect), as persons with lower and medium levels of education become more positive toward globalization under increasing levels of globalization. The results are consistent across a wide range of robustness checks, including controlling for occupational class as a further distinction between winners and losers of globalization. The findings suggest that the expectations about a widening attitudinal divide between winners and losers of globalization should be treated with more caution.

Infections with long latency in international refugees, immigrants, and migrants seen at GeoSentinel sites, 2016–2018

BackgroundThe continued increase in global migration compels clinicians to be aware of specific health problems faced by refugees, immigrants, and migrants (RIM). This analysis aimed to characterize RIM evaluated at GeoSentinel sites, their migration history, and infectious diseases detected through screening and diagnostic workups. MethodsA case report form was used to collect data on demographics, migration route, infectious diseases screened, test results, and primary infectious disease diagnosis for RIM patients seen at GeoSentinel sites. Descriptive statistics were performed. ResultsBetween October 2016 and November 2018, 5,319 RIM patients were evaluated at GeoSentinel sites in 19 countries. Africa was the region of birth for 2,436 patients (46 %), followed by the Americas (1,644, 31 %), and Asia (1,098, 21 %). Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common infection screened and reported as positive (853/2,273, 38 % positive by any method). TB, strongyloidiasis, and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity were observed across all migration administrative categories and regions of birth. Chagas disease was reported only among RIM patients from the Americas (393/394, 100 %) and schistosomiasis predominantly in those from Africa (480/510, 94 %). TB infection (694/5,319, 13 %) and Chagas disease (524/5,319, 10 %) were the leading primary infectious disease diagnoses. ConclusionsSeveral infections of long latency (e.g. TB, hepatitis B, and strongyloidiasis) with potential for long-term sequelae were seen among RIM patients across all migration administrative categories and regions of origin. Obtaining detailed epidemiologic information from RIM patients is critical to optimize detection of diseases of individual and public health importance, particularly those with long latency periods.

Religion, Social Resources, and International Migrants’ Volunteer Participation: Evidence from Yiwu City, China

A large body of research has explored various factors influencing volunteer participation, particularly revealing the association between religious beliefs and volunteer engagement. However, there was relatively limited research on volunteer participation among international immigrants in China, a newly emerging immigrant country. Further investigation was needed to identify the factors influencing the volunteer engagement of international immigrants in China and the underlying mechanisms. This study analyzed data from international immigrants in Yiwu, China and found that their volunteer behavior was significantly influenced by their religious beliefs. Additionally, social resources were closely related to their volunteer participation. Furthermore, although perceived discrimination among international immigrants in China was not directly associated with volunteer participation, it promoted their religious participation and frequency, consequently encouraging their volunteer engagement. Further analysis also revealed two mechanisms through which religion impacted volunteer participation. On the one hand, religious beliefs influenced volunteer participation through the mechanism of religious indoctrination. On the other hand, though perceived discrimination among international immigrants did not directly influence volunteer participation, it did encourage them to engage in religious meetings to establish social networks for support, thereby enriching their social resources and subsequently promoting volunteer engagement. We discussed the implications of our findings for encouraging volunteer participation and for promoting the social integration of international immigrants.

Strategi Inggris Raya Terhadap Permasalahan Industri Agrikultur Pasca Brexit

Brexit has restricted the flow of migrant workers in the industrial sector and agricultural system in the United Kingdom. This research examines the dynamics of the agricultural industry issues in the United Kingdom, as well as the strategies implemented by the UK government to minimize the issues faced in the agricultural sector. The methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing theories of international migration and concepts of international immigration policy. The UK Government has implemented strategies to minimize the agricultural issues after Brexit. These strategies include implementing seasonal worker visas, adopting a points-based immigration system, formulating the agricultural act 2020, promoting local workers, and embracing automation. These strategies have successfully minimized the issues in the agricultural industry in the United Kingdom.

Is duration of residence a proxy for acculturation? The case of health risk behaviors among international immigrants.

Among international immigrants, health changes by duration of residence are commonly interpreted as an expression of acculturation to the receiving country context. This study compares changes in immigrants' health risk behaviors by duration of residence to changes by acculturation levels, in order to assess whether duration of residence can be regarded as a proxy for acculturation. Using data from a previous systematic review, we identified 17 quantitative studies examining changes in alcohol, tobacco and drug use, physical inactivity, and diet by both duration of residence and acculturation level in the same population. We compared the directionality and consistency of these associations through tabulation and vote counting. The majority of studies reported no or inconsistent changes in health risk behaviors by duration of residence versus by acculturation, including with opposite directionality. Four studies reported significant estimates with consistent directionality, while five reported consistent, non-significant estimates. Our findings suggest that duration of residence should not be used as a proxy for acculturation when studying health risk behaviors among immigrants. Researchers should consider additional time-dependent factors to explain behavioral changes by duration of residence.

Entre la tradición y la actualidad: un análisis de la dinámica migratoria de Veracruz

In the population history of Veracruz, a state in southeastern Mexico and a maritime entry port to the country, the arrival of people to the region has been prevalent. However, in the 21st Century, Veracruz was incorporated into the international migration flows to the United States. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the recent flows of emigrants from Veracruz to the northern border of Mexico and the United States, as well as the dynamic of return migration and the immigration of foreigners. Taking a demographic and quantitative perspective, this research focuses on the decade from 2010 to 2020, with a specific emphasis on regional and municipal analysis. The results show that international emigration and immigration are phenomena that occur within specific regions and municipalities, and that, only in three out of ten regions do the departure and return of Veracruz residents and the arrival of foreigners to the state converge, particularly individuals from Central America and Venezuela.

Changes in international immigration and internal native mobility after COVID-19 in the USA

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant decline in international immigration to the USA between 2020 and 2021. This paper documents the timing, characteristics, and heterogeneity of the change in immigration across states and economic sectors. Additionally, we describe the trends in internal native mobility in the USA prior to and after the pandemic, investigating whether natives responded to the decrease in immigration by relocating either geographically or across sectors. Despite the substantial drop in international migration, we do not observe any significant changes in native internal mobility. Employing a panel regression and a shift-share IV, we study the effect of foreign immigration, the emergence of remote-work, and changes in labor demand on cross-state native mobility. Our results indicate that the decline in immigration following COVID-19 and the differential availability of remote-work opportunities across sectors and states did not drive changes in natives’ cross- state or cross-sector mobility.

Incorporation policies in diversifying rural localities in Italy: challenges and opportunities

Rural areas in Italy are not entirely new to international immigration, but they recently experienced a huge diversification of flows, including labour and amenity migrants and, due to relocation strategies, asylum-seekers and refugees. In places with limited resources and experience of diversity, such processes can originate new challenges, but also new opportunities. Therefore, this work investigates incorporation policies of Italian rural municipalities with quantitative and qualitative methods. First, k-medians clustering is used to classify rural municipalities according to immigration patterns and to better understand their immigrant policy activism. Second, semi-structured stakeholders' interviews are performed to explore actual practices of active rural municipalities. Results show how rural policymakers can develop alternative and innovative strategies to deal with incorporation, but these have different outcomes according to local opportunity structures and contexts of immigration.

International immigration and entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Spanish Pyrenees

The academic literature on international immigration into rural areas has clearly identified two main international migration flows: retirement migration and low-skilled migration in farming. Yet, the emphasis on these two types of international immigrants has overlooked other types of incomers, such as professionals, lifestyle movers, immigrant entrepreneurs and self-employed workers who may potentially have positive impacts on local rural economies and societies. Filling a gap in the literature, this paper concentrates on immigrant entrepreneurship in the Spanish Pyrenees. In doing so, it explores connections between local economies, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle immigration. It also analyses the potential of immigrant entrepreneurs to contribute to local economic growth with the different types of capital they possess (e.g. human capital, social capital). Methodology, it is based on a fieldwork carried out in the Spanish Pyrenees between February and May 2022. Specifically, it has been carried out 31 in-depth interviews with foreign-born immigrants in two areas of the Spanish Pyrenees (Girona and Huesca). The non-representative sample is equally distributed among immigrant entrepreneurs, self-employed workers, and employees, and it was also balanced by sex and covered different ages, covering, thus, a broad spectrum of immigrants’ labour incorporations. Our results add new evidence to previous discussions on immigrant entrepreneurship and lifestyle immigration, from the viewpoint of rural mountain areas. Interviewed immigrant entrepreneurs occasionally play a key role in the creation and introduction of innovative products in very specific market niches in farming and tourism in the Pyrenees. In this way, immigrants stimulate local economies, and help to strengthen values on sustainability, community and sense of place. Yet the companies they create are often limited in both size and capital, and these circumstances generally produce only a slight impact on local economic development and job creation in the Pyrenees

SECURITIZATION OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS ON THE SOUTH BORDER OF THE UNITED STATES BY PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: FOREIGN POLICY CHANGES

The United States is a country that implements a free and most open immigration foreign policy in the world as evidenced by the acceptance of hundreds of thousands of regional and international immigrants each year. The government that is given the responsibility to lead the country will give priority to immigration issues to be formulated in foreign policy. In the era of President Donald Trump, the issue of immigrants was focused on solving the problem of illegal immigrants at the Southern border with an America First approach and securitization measures. This research will focus on the factors that became the basis for President Donald Trump's consideration of securitization in order to change United States immigration policies, using the framework of The Politics of Foreign Policy Change, namely the identification of global and domestic conditions with political and economic elements as factors that underlying changes in a country's foreign policy. This study argues that President Trump's securitization actions in the context of changing US immigration policy are based on global political conditions, namely the presence of transnational crimes such as identity fraud, drug smuggling, and criminal acts. Global economic conditions, related to immigrants with low wages undermine the standard minimum wage for American workers. Political domestic factors are related to the fulfillment of President Trump's campaign promise to protect the homeland and people of the United States from the threat of illegal immigrants on the southern border. Domestic economic factors are related to American jobs which are occupied by illegal immigrants by falsifying their identities at companies and impacting the loss of the right to social security for United States citizens.
 
 Keywords: Foreign Policy Changes, Immigration Policy, Securitization.

International immigration and final consumption expenditure composition

Focusing on EU countries, we analyze the influence of immigration flows on the demand for different aggregate categories of final consumption goods. Using the cross-country heterogeneity in immigration flows and preference structures, we find that when people move from a country to another, the sectoral preferences characterizing the origin country affect the preference structure of the host country. Furthermore, we find evidence that the transmission mechanism is reinforced by both the intensity of the immigration flows and the share of immigrants already living in the host country, suggesting a higher propensity to assimilate different consumption standards in more pluralistic countries. Our contribution is twofold. First, differently from most of the literature that analyzes the supply-side consequences of immigration, this study focuses on the impact of immigration on the demand side at the aggregate level. Second, we show that sectoral consumer preferences, even if elicited only residually, represent aggregate variables that can be transferred across countries.

The Education-Immigration Nexus: Situating Canadian Higher Education as Institutions of Immigrant Recruitment.

A policy shift in the mid-2000s established a pathway between international study and immigration to Canada. Designed to facilitate the settlement of young, highly skilled, and Canadian-trained workers, these pathways are premised on the conception of international students as ideal immigrants. Yet, because higher education institutions enjoy wide latitude when it comes to selecting and admitting international students, this education-immigration nexus has gained scholarly attention and sparked an immigration and settlement debate. What are the implications of having an uncapped temporary foreign worker stream administered by higher education institutions? What are the downstream effects for graduates, employers, and communities as the higher education sector accepts greater numbers of international students every year? What does this mean for the composition of Canadian immigration in the longer term? This paper will highlight the importance and relationship between study, labor market access, and immigration to Canada, consider the roles and responsibilities of higher education institutions in multi-step pathways to immigration, and discuss implications and future strategies which acknowledge the reality of this education-immigration nexus.

Talking about picturebooks in libraries’ language cafes

How might picturebooks serve as reading and conversation materials in language cafes for international immigrants aiming to learn the local language? How might these books help foster meaningful exchanges between program volunteers and participants, and what might the broader significance of this be for immigrant inclusion and integration? To gain insight into these questions, this study investigates the experiences of volunteers and participants with using picturebooks as a basis for conversation at language cafes in Norwegian public libraries. The study is based on participant observation and qualitative interviews with language café volunteers and participants. Picturebook theory on representation of emotions serves as the theoretical lens for analyzing the selected texts used at the different language cafes. The findings reveal that a broad range of picturebooks are used for reading and conversation at language cafes and their use is generally experienced as fruitful by the participants, especially for learning new words and engaging in visual narratives. The experience of using picturebooks varies for volunteers, from pure joy to discontent, depending on whether they found the selected books interesting or useful for engaging with the participants. The study concludes that picturebooks can work well for facilitating dialog at language cafes, however the successful use of them depends on the competent selection of books.

Investigating the international immigration tendency of intern doctors in Turkiye and related factors

Investigating the international immigration tendency of intern doctors in Turkiye and related factors

Health service behaviors of migrants: A conceptual framework.

Universal health coverage is vital to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) efforts to ensure access to health as a human right. However, it has been reported that migrants, including both international immigrants and internal migrants, underuse health services. Establishing a conceptual framework to facilitate research on the health service behaviors (HSB) of migrants is particularly important. Many theoretical frameworks explaining the general population's HSB have been published; however, most theoretical frameworks on migrants' HSB only focus on international immigrants without the inclusion of internal migrants. Of note, internal migrants are much more abundant than immigrants, and this group faces similar barriers to HSB as immigrants do. Based on theoretical frameworks of immigrants' HSB and Anderson's behavior model, the author proposes a new conceptual framework of migrants' HSB that includes both immigrants and internal migrants. The new conceptual framework divides the determinants into macro-structural or contextual factors, health delivery system characteristics, and characteristics of the population at risk and describes subgroup-specific factors. The author added some variables and reclassified variables in some dimensions, including characteristics of health delivery systems and access to healthcare. The characteristics of health delivery systems comprise the volume, organization, quality, and cost of the health delivery system, while the characteristics of access to healthcare include time accessibility, geographic accessibility, and information accessibility. The outcomes of HSB have been expanded, and relationships between them have been reported. The mediating effects of some variables have also been described. This conceptual framework can facilitate a deep and comprehensive understanding of the HSB determination process for migrants, including internal migrants.

Possessing the Nations: Immigration and the Changing Landscape of the Church in Scotland

The landscape of Christianity in Britain has changed significantly in the last sixty years. The presence and influence of old and established church institutions have significantly diminished, but many new groups have emerged to keep the heritage of the church alive. This mixed-methods study presents the changes that have occurred in the Christian landscape of the City of Glasgow in Scotland in recent years. It reports the formation of 110 new churches in Glasgow between 2000 and 2016 and the key role of international immigration in boosting theological diversity and numerical church growth in the Christian landscape of contemporary Scotland.

New Angles on Whiteness and the Making of the Modern World

AbstractThese four new books on whiteness show its continuing vitality as a scholarly field, while broadening its purview to encompass North America, Africa, India and Australia from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Thematically they draw together the Enlightenment, intellectual and affective history, gender, economics, the field of international relations, labour and immigration. All will help us to combat white supremacy.

Mapping Shifts in Russian and European Welfare Polities: Explaining Policy Responses to Shared New Social Risks

Since 2000, literature on West (EU15) and East-Central European (EU8) welfare states has focused on a set of ‘new social risks’ including insecure employment and income, population ageing, unsustainable social security systems, and large-scale international immigration. Our State-of-the-Art (SOTA) article brings Russia into the dialogue on ‘new social risks’. We show that broadly similar structural changes in industrial economies, labour markets and demographic patterns ended the post-World-War-Two (WWII) ‘Golden Age’ of welfare expansion in both the EU15 and communist states. Shared new social risks rose to the top of policy agendas. Governments responded mainly, though not exclusively, with liberalising, privatising and exclusionary policies. The SOTA compares their policy responses, specifically pension system reforms, demographic (pro-natalist and family) policies, and integration of immigrants. We find both convergence and divergence based on states’ differing welfare legacies. The conclusion considers path-departing ‘emergency Keynesian’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis, and renewed attention to Beveridge welfare models.