International E-commerce Research Articles

Foreign Experience of Using Electronic Commerce Systems in Joint Stock Companies

Joint-stock firms' worldwide e-commerce growth is crucial to national economies, and Uzbekistan's strategic emphasis on the digital economy is expected to spur significant expansion. The country's e-commerce participation is still mostly domestic, despite advantageous conditions like internet availability and government assistance. This highlights a substantial knowledge gap in utilizing overseas markets. This study investigated international e-commerce models and their implementation in Uzbekistan using both theoretical and empirical approaches. The findings imply that although e-commerce infrastructure is growing, progress is being hindered by infrastructural and regulatory issues. Through improved digital trade, addressing these problems could promote global competitiveness and support sustainable economic development, both of which are in line with the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" vision.

Geopolitics, Privacy, and User Trust: TikTok

The paper uses a thorough review of the current literature, governmental materials, and information available on ByteDance as the major source for analyzing the link between geopolitical aspects, privacy concerns, and user engagement with businesses. The study found that the uncertainty surrounding TikTok’s data usage and the ongoing tensions between China and the United States leads to a decline in user trust. This is particularly evident in the e-commerce sector, where individual privacy concerns directly affect customers’ buying habits and commercial involvement. This phenomenon would directly impact TikTok’s international e-commerce expansion, as well as user engagement on the platform; ultimately affect the platform’s overall growth and revenue potential. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing data privacy on TikTok such as reducing data collection from minors, putting stricter regulations on third-party data access and being more transparent about their data policies.

Strategi Pengembangan Bisnis Ekspor Bumbu Makanan Olahan dengan Menggunakan Analisis Business Model Canvas (BMC) dan SWOT pada CV Restu Mande

This research was conducted to determine the appropriate CV Restu Mande business strategy design using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) in achieving export targets. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection carried out in this research was interviews with the leadership of CV Restu Mande, observation both directly and indirectly, and documentation. The SWOT analysis carried out in this research produces a SWOT matrix as a recommendation for CV Restu Mande's business strategy. The results of the SWOT analysis, SWOT matrix, and proposed new Business Model Canvas at CV Restu Mande are that in the customer segments section, target consumers are added in the form of Indonesian communities abroad, in the channels section, websites, international e-commerce and overseas retail need to be added, in the customer relationship section, rewards need to be added for resellers, dropshippers and loyal customers, in the key resources section we need to add production facilities, in the key activities section we need to add more interesting and detailed marketing activities, in the key partnership section we need to add agent collaboration. or distributors, loyal customers, production partners, and international trade consultants or experts, and in the cost structure section it is necessary to focus on investment in production facilities.

Enhancing currency prediction in international e-commerce: Bayesian-optimized random forest approach using the Klarna dataset

In the ever-evolving landscape of global commerce, marked by the convergence of digital transformation and borderless markets, this research addresses the intricate challenges of currency exchange and risk management. Leveraging Bayesian optimization, the study fine-tunes the random forest algorithm using the extensive Klarna E-commerce dataset. Through systematic analysis, the research uncovers insights into managing currency prediction amid dynamic global markets. Emphasizing the role of Bayesian optimization parameters, the study reveals nuanced trade-offs in model performance. Notably, the optimal simulation, conducted with 14 iterations, 1 job, and a random state set to 684, exhibits a standout performance, showcasing a negative mean squared error (MSE) of approximately -0.9891 and an accuracy rate of 74.63%. The primary objective is to assess the impact of Bayesian optimization in enhancing the random forest algorithm's predictive capabilities, particularly in currency prediction within international e-commerce. These findings offer refined strategies for businesses navigating the intricate landscape of global finance, empowering decision-making through a comprehensive understanding of data, algorithms, and challenges in international commerce.

Sustainable Evaluation of E-Commerce Companies in Vietnam: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework Based on MCDM

This study aims to effectively support decision-makers in evaluating leading e-commerce companies in Vietnam from a sustainability perspective. In addition, this study evaluates and analyzes criteria that affect the performance of e-commerce companies in Vietnam to find the best practices for e-commerce implementation of managers. In this way, companies can save costs and increase marketing and promotion efficiency, helping to reach more customers. In doing so, an integrated framework based on MCDM is proposed for the first time in e-commerce industry assessment. In the first stage, the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation Laboratory method is applied to determine the weights of 9 criteria based on collected data. This study lists prominent quantitative evaluation criteria, taking into account the sustainability aspect. In the second phase, ranking the top 12 e-commerce companies in Vietnam according to their performance based on these nine criteria was done by applying the neutrosophic fuzzy axiomatic design method. According to an analysis of the data, the external financial assistance coefficient (12.7%) is the most crucial factor determining how competitive international e-commerce businesses are. The results of this study can help underperforming companies make strategic decisions to improve their performance. Integrating these two techniques provides a new method for evaluating global trading companies that have hitherto remained unaddressed in the trading industry and, therefore, leave a gap that needs to be investigated.

Green Energy Strategies for Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Sustainable Approach

Cross-border e-commerce has become a significant force in the global economy, with the continuous growth of online retail giants such as Amazon and Alibaba. the rapid expansion of this industry has also brought significant environmental impacts, especially in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions. In response, a number of green energy initiatives have been put out and put into practice to support a sustainable strategy in international e-commerce. Using renewable energy sources is one of the main tactics. An increasing number of international e-commerce businesses are relying on clean energy sources like solar and wind power to run their businesses as a result of the advancement of renewable energy technologies. It not only reduces their carbon footprint but also helps to lower energy costs in the long run. Another strategy is the implementation of energy-efficient practices. It includes adopting energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems, using efficient transportation methods for logistics, and optimizing the route planning to reduce fuel consumption. These measures not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also help companies save on energy costs. In addition, cross-border e-commerce companies are also exploring green packaging solutions. It involves using sustainable materials for packaging, such as biodegradable or recyclable materials, to reduce the environmental impact of packaging waste. Some companies are also implementing innovative green packaging designs, such as reusable containers and packaging made from recycled materials. There are efforts to promote sustainable supply chain management in cross-border e-commerce. It includes incentivizing suppliers to adopt green energy and sustainable practices, as well as implementing strict sustainability criteria for selecting and monitoring suppliers. By promoting sustainability throughout the supply chain, cross-border e-commerce companies can reduce their overall environmental impact.

Predicting e-commerce CLV with neural networks: The role of NPS, ATV, and CES

Accurately predicting Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is paramount in optimizing customer relationship management. This study introduces a novel deep learning approach, employing a neural network model to forecast CLV for a leading international e-commerce retailer. This investigation delves into the interplay of key performance indicators—Net Promoter Score (NPS), Average Transaction Value (ATV), and Customer Effort Score (CES)—and their collective impact on CLV. The research utilized a dataset of 15,000 customer profiles and crafted a sequential neural network with dense layers optimized through hyperparameter tuning and regularization to thwart overfitting. The model's efficacy was assessed on a 10 % test set, revealing its adeptness at capturing intricate, nonlinear predictor-customer lifetime value (CLV) relationships. Consistency in training and test performance metrics underscored the model's generalizability, while high R-squared and explained variance scores confirmed the predictive strength of the chosen factors. This research seeks to provide a solution for building an artificial intelligence model with an artificial neural network algorithm to predict customer lifetime value. By incorporating this principle, the study aims to leverage the power of neural networks to forecast CLV, enabling retailers to make informed decisions and optimize customer relationships accurately. This study finds that Net Promoter Score (NPS) and Customer Effort Score (CES) have a powerful impact on the neural network model's ability to predict Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) accurately. On the other hand, while Average Transaction Value (ATV) exhibits the least impact, it still significantly contributes to the accuracy of Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) predictions. These results underscore the importance of incorporating customer feedback metrics like NPS and CES when building predictive models for CLV estimation. Integrating critical customer metrics into neural networks gives retailers enhanced insights, enabling precise customer segmentation, resource allocation, and strategic growth. The study paves the way for future research to refine further CLV prediction, including dataset expansion, customer profile enrichment, and prescriptive marketing optimization.

Cross-border Retail E-Commerce and De Minimis: The Case of Kazakhstan

The development of international e-commerce has expanded opportunities for business and consumption in Kazakhstan and worldwide. However, these rapid changes have challenged the governments’ regulation of the flow of cross-border goods, ranging from clearance to customs duty and taxes collection. Among concerns is the flow of low-value consignments, the impact of which had previously been seen as beneficial. This paper examines whether cross-border e-commerce and the de minimis threshold are advantageous in Kazakhstan based on context, description, cause-and-effect and statistical analysis. The findings show a partial impact of de minimis threshold changes on the increase in retail e-commerce goods imported and on the decrease in the value of mis-declared goods; however, in Kazakhstan the consequences from the import of mis-declared low-value goods on the tax revenue are insignificant. Misuse of the de minimis threshold in Kazakhstan is confirmed by the study. Government actions for solving this problem involve giving higher priority to people’s access to higher quality and/or cheaper personal use goods. Also, the potential for further improvement of statistics on cross-border e-commerce is identified.

Ринок електронної комерції в Україні: роль європейських та міжнародних організацій із цифрової комерції

The article examines the role of international and European e-commerce organizations in the context of increasing the competitiveness of e-business in Ukraine. The analysis of trends in the development of the Ukrainian and global e-commerce market was carried out, the importance of the development of international e-commerce and advocacy bodies in accordance with the specified sector was emphasized. The importance of sustainable digital transformation, which will contribute to growth and stimulate sustainable development, was highlighted separately. In this aspect, the need of implementation the legislation, standards and best practices of EU for the harmonization of the digital market of Ukraine as a whole was emphasized. Barriers to the development of e-commerce in Ukraine have been structured, which include: cognitive barriers; language barrier; cultural features; customer support; expansion of consumer rights protection policy in accordance with EU rules; internet connection speed; payment settings/payment services (currency conversion). In addition, the definition of «cross-border electronic commerce» was proposed.

Analysis of Energy International E-commerce Innovation Strategy Based on Global Value Chain

INTRODUCTION: With the drive of globalization and digitalization, the global energy industry is undergoing a brand new transformation. Energy international e-commerce is an emerging paradigm that continues to grow within the global value chain framework, bringing significant changes and opportunities to the energy sector.OBJECTIVES: This research examines the role of international e-commerce in advancing the energy industry's growth, maximizing the distribution of resources worldwide, and boosting market competitiveness. It does this by analyzing the innovation strategy of the sector based on the global value chain.METHODS: The basic concepts and characteristics of global value chain theory and energy international e-commerce are analyzed, and then the innovation strategies in technological innovation, international cooperation, supply chain optimization, and data-driven are explored in depth, and empirical analyses of these strategies are conducted through case studies.RESULTS: It is found that technological innovation not only promotes the development of international energy e-commerce but also gives rise to new business models; international cooperation and supply chain optimization effectively optimize the global resource allocation and market layout; and data-driven market expansion strategy improves the market competitiveness of enterprises. The case study results further validate the effectiveness and practicality of these strategies. CONCLUSION: Energy international e-commerce innovation strategies based on GVCs play an essential role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the energy industry, optimizing resource allocation efficiency, and enhancing enterprises' market competitiveness.

B to C 전자상거래에서 CISG의 2조 적용가능성에 관한 연구

Purpose – As it transforms into a consumer-led e-commerce market, we present the legal applicability of the CISG to disputes arising from international e-commerce. Design/Methodology/Approach – Disputes arising from international e-commerce are mostly about contracts, and considering the principle of internationality of a CISG sales contract and the scope of human application, it can be seen that disputes arising from consumer-led e-commerce can be subject to CISG. Findings – Through case law analysis, a new perspective on the deficiencies of the agreement that occurred in consumer-led international e-commerce was presented, along with the burden of proof, thereby increasing the applicability of CISG in B2C transactions and protecting buyers. Research Implications – Disputes arising from international e-commerce mostly concern contracts. Since e-commerce is related to the form of the contract and includes transactions concluded electronically, CISG is applied in disputes related to the contract of sale by electronic means. Among the provisions of the Convention, the scope of purchase intention should be revised to be applied more broadly by pointing out that the buyer's intention is not limited to one, and the scope of the consumer's purchase intention is narrow through the case law of Article 2a, which causes many disputes in consumer-oriented e-commerce. In addition, if a seller proves that he did not know the buyer's purchase intention, the applicability of the clause may increase, so detailed provisions on the burden of proof of purchase intention should be added.

Research on Transformation of the Branding Strategies of the International E-Commerce Enterprises in the Digital Economy

This article focuses on the branding transformation of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in the context of the digital economy and analyzes in depth the difficulties faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises in branding transformation, including insufficient brand awareness, incomplete credit system, lack of competitiveness of products, and lagging cross-border logistics supporting facilities. On this basis, practical and feasible measures were proposed, including building a global brand promotion system, building a cross-border e-commerce credit public service platform, strengthening product research and innovation, and optimizing the cross-border logistics system.

An Empirical Study on Personalized Product Recommendation Based on Cross-Border E-Commerce Customer Data Analysis

Thanks to the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce platforms, numerous cross-border items are now available to customers. Several serious issues with cross-border e-commerce platforms related to item promotion and consumer product screening have arisen. Particular importance should be placed on studying and implementing personalized recommendation systems based on international e-commerce. In light of the quick expansion of commodities, when making individualized suggestions, traditional recommendation algorithms have had to deal with issues such as scant data, a chilly start to the market, and trouble identifying user preferences. To automatically mine the implicit and latent relationships between users and objects in recommendation systems, this study employs deep learning with nonlinear learning capabilities, which resolves the challenges of user interest mining. The weaknesses of the existing global recommendation research are emphasized, the study of conventional recommendation algorithms mixed with deep learning technology is deep factorization machine (DeepFM) and neural matrix factorization (NeuMF) models. Both models excel in recommending implicit feedback data. The DeepFM model yields the lowest loss function values, while the NeuMF model outperforms the competing models in terms of HR@20 (a commonly used indicator to measure the recall rate) and loss functions. In summary, this research addresses critical issues in cross-border e-commerce by developing personalized recommendation systems and integrating deep learning with traditional recommendation algorithms to enhance global recommendations.

РОЗВИТОК ЕЛЕКТРОННОЇ КОМЕРЦІЇ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ВІТЧИЗНЯНЕ ТА МІЖНАРОДНЕ БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ

In the era of globalization and rapid development of information technologies, electronic commerce has become an integral part of the international economic system. Its dynamic growth over the past decades has had a significant impact on world trade, investment, consumer behavior, and the overall structure of the global economy. The development of e-commerce is also accompanied by a number of problems in the international business environment (the need for legal regulation of the e-commerce sphere; personal data protection and cyber security; development of logistics and infrastructure; the impact of e-commerce on employment and the labor market; imperfect competition). The article examines the conceptual foundations of electronic commerce through the prism of advantages and challenges in the international business environment and domestic practice. The article examines the factors that stimulate the development of electronic international trade (global presence; round-the-clock work; a wide range; equal opportunities for all participants in the eCommerce market; access to financing), the peculiarities of the activities of eCommerce participants in the international business environment. The eCommerce market significantly affects international trade by changing its volume, structure, competitive environment, employment and consumer behavior. In addition, access to the world market for small and medium-sized enterprises becomes more accessible. ECommerce makes consumers more informed and demanding. E-commerce not only has the potential to significantly increase the volume of international business, but it is also a breeding ground for cybercrime. The article examines the e-commerce sector in Ukraine, its volumes (including forecasts) and structure; as well as outlined promising trends in the development of the domestic and international eCommerce market (increasing the volume of mobile commerce; development of social commerce – selling goods and services through social networks; personalization – the use of artificial intelligence to personalize offers for buyers; voice shopping – the use of voice assistants for making purchases; omnichannel experience – a combination of online and offline sales channels to create a seamless access for customers).

Digital Marketing and B2B Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Case Study of Alibaba International Station in China

The rapid development of the “Internet+” has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation. Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration, international trade is progressively undergoing extensive digitization, with cross-border e-commerce emerging as a significant manifestation of this transformation. Within this landscape, the cross-border e-commerce B2B platform is anticipated to become a pivotal driver for China’s cross-border trade growth, representing a strategic opportunity for trade transformation. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concepts, characteristics, and development status of cross-border e-commerce and B2B platforms, considering both global and Chinese perspectives. Focusing on a prominent case study, Alibaba International Station, a B2B cross-border e-commerce platform, the paper delves into its business model and core competencies, offering a thorough analysis of its role in the intricacies of international e-commerce and its contribution to the field. Drawing on insights gained, the paper concludes by presenting targeted recommendations from both the platform and government perspectives. These suggestions are informed by a nuanced understanding of the development opportunities and challenges facing China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B platforms.

THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EAEU AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON CUSTOMS REGULATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

The ever-growing volume of international e-commerce poses a number of challenges to national governments related to the assessment of the fiscal component of this category of goods, competition issues of national and foreign online sellers. Attempts are being made to form a separate category of e-commerce goods that does not relate to either trade or non-trade turnover, methods and principles of customs regulation of e-commerce goods are being formed. The draft amendments to the EAEU СС revealed significant differences in the customs regulation of goods transported within the international electronic commerce in trade and non-trade turnover. Customs regulation of e-commerce in trade is developing in the direction of finding new and improving existing technological solutions for customs operations, organizing the interaction of state regulatory authorities with participants in foreign economic activity, ensuring proper customs control and further speeding up customs operations. In non- trade turnover, the introduction of a separate category of e-commerce goods primarily raises the question of the differences between this new category and goods for personal use. The issues of customs regulation of e-commerce goods in the EAEU, primarily intended for the personal use of individuals, are considered in order to systematize the created methods of such regulation, analyze the principles of e-commerce goods movement across the customs border and the main directions of development of customs regulation of international e-commerce in the EAEU and in the Russian Federation, as well as develop recommendations for further formation the legal basis for the movement of electronic commerce goods.

The impact of a tariff on logistics service strategies in an international e-commerce trade: game theory and agent-based model

ABSTRACTThis paper develops two models to investigate the impact of a tariff on logistics strategies in an international e-commerce trade, where the methods of game theory and agent-based model are utilized. We consider a foreign supplier and a domestic e-tailer. There are two logistics strategies: the supplier undertakes the logistics and the e-tailer shoulders the logistics. First, two strategies are compared under the game theory model. Then, we capture the uncertainties of market demand and tariff. An agent-based model is adopted to further study how the tariff affects the supply chain’s decisions and strategies. Some meaningful results are obtained. (i) The supplier should provide the logistics service when market demand and tariff are certain. (ii) Under demand uncertainty, the supplier and the e-tailer can reach an agreement on logistics strategies when the tariff is small. (iii) When tariff uncertainty is moderate, two players both abandon the logistics intention..

The boundary between digital goods and E-services in cross-border E-commerce and implication for non-discrimination under the WTO system

Abstract One of the biggest challenges of implementing value-added tax (VAT) collection on cross-border digital goods and services is the compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations. The lack of a clear distinction between goods and services in the WTO agreements and divergent classifications adopted by states have led to fragmented and inconsistent VAT collection, potentially creating trade barriers in international e-commerce. This article analyses various approaches to classify goods and services including technological neutrality and tradability. It also uses the modernization of Thailand’s VAT system as a case study to demonstrate the complexity of categorizing digital goods and services for VAT enforcement in international e-commerce. It finds that technological neutrality and tradability are key criteria to separate digital goods from e-services for the proper implementation of WTO obligations. The article concludes with remarks on the correlation between categorizing digital goods and services in VAT collection and protectionism in cross-border e-commerce.

TAX LIABILITY ARRANGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL E-COMMERCE IN INDONESIA

International e-commerce has created challenges in terms of tax liability, referred to the study by Google-Temasek-Bain revealed that the combination of e-commerce had reached USD40 billion. Based on normative juridical method using new institutionalism theory, two conclusions are generated. First, the prevailing laws in Indonesia do not yet have a lex specialist that regulates tax liability regarding international e-commerce transactions. Second, it is important and urgent to reformulate secondary liability in tax laws that must cover the elements, exclusions, and standards. Reformulation of tax secondary liability of international e-commerce should be extended to overseas and domestic marketplaces, and social media, including general provisions and procedures, billing, mechanisms for warning and terminating access and normalization, as well as tax sanctions (administrative and criminal).

초록데이터를 활용한 국외 B2C 전자상거래 물류 연구동향 분석

Purpose : This study analyzed the trends of international e-commerce logistics research and compared the results of Korean research. Research design, data and methodology : The analysis method used a research trend method that utilizes abstract text data based on SLNA. The analysis period was from 2000 to 2019, and a total of 20 years of international e-commerce logistics academic literature was collected. Results : The results of the analysis showed that international e-commerce logistics research has been actively conducted since 2016. The research trends were mainly focused on measuring the quality of logistics services and logistics operation strategies of e-commerce companies. In particular, the proportion of questionnaire analysis studies targeting customers who use e-commerce companies was high. The results of comparing the research trends of Korean and international e-commerce logistics showed that there was no significant difference in the time when the research was conducted and the research trends. Conclusions : E-commerce is a market with flexibility and innovation in the introduction of technology, and it will require challenging research and an inclusive attitude.