International Division Of Labour Research Articles

The Impact of Globalization on World Nations: A Study on Protection, Welfare, and Producer Gain

This paper examines the effects of globalization on nations, focusing on economic, social, and cultural dimensions. It analyzes the roles of protectionism and globalization in shaping consumer welfare and producer earnings through qualitative methods and the Customs Union theory framework. The study discusses the benefits and drawbacks of globalization in the context of World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations. The findings indicate that globalization has intensified financial flows between countries, which can exacerbate economic crises. Countries with abundant human resources can capitalize on the international division of labor to specialize in high-value sectors, while those with limited resources risk falling behind in the digital landscape. This division of labor fosters specialization and improves production efficiency through targeted education. However, multinational corporations often impede cost-effective production in developing nations, underscoring the necessity to restructure research and development to facilitate technology adoption in underdeveloped areas. This restructuring can help close the technological gap and encourage equitable participation in the global economy. Jel code Classification: D6: Welfare economics, Fo1 Global outlook, F40: General F4: Macroeconomics aspects of international trade and finance

Использование сценарных условий международного взаимодействия национальных хозяйств в антикризисном управлении

One of the main questions that economic science seeks to answer in the field of international economic relations is the question of the impact of free trade on economic development. The article analyzes the main approaches and theories of international trade, and also examines the characteristics of economic systems involved in trade from the point of view of information theory and cybernetics, and the influence of these parameters on the management of economic development as national economies, and the world economy as a whole. In some cases, successful specialization in the international division of labor is actually achieved through measures of liberalization of trade, financial markets and capital rules. But these measures do not always produce the expected effects. Information and cybernetic interpretation of the processes of interaction of national economic systems opens up opportunities for the development of a new scientific approach to describing phenomena in the field of international trade.

The International Division of Finance: reassessing the peripheral condition in a financialised capitalism

ABSTRACT Based on the Latin American structuralist theory, but advocating for a need of framing the discussions in the current historical context – characterised by financialisation and financial globalisation –, this article investigates the centre-periphery configuration of the global economy with the focus on the monetary-financial sphere. More specifically, it aims to analyse the role of the peripheral countries for the current International Monetary and Financial System (IMFS). In a dialogue with the discussions related to the International Division of Labour (IDL), the article thence proposes and conceptualises the International Division of Finance (IDF), as well as its corresponding structural differentiation and structural tendency. It argues that the IDF is not accidental, but plays a fundamental role in the modus operandi of the reproduction of wealth in international financial circuits. Through an empirical analysis with data from 212 countries for the period 2000-23, the article demonstrates a structural tendency of transfer of wealth from periphery to central countries. Along with the IDL (in its contemporary format), it generates a ‘double-capture of wealth’. As a result, the IDL and the IDF have feedback effects, deepening the subordination, the lack of autonomy for economic policy and the vulnerability of peripheral countries.

The postcolonial museum and nonsynchronous heritage

This essay proposes a concept of “nonsynchronous heritage” to reimagine the role of the museum in postcolonial times. Current discourses on the postcolonial museum have focused on important questions about decolonizing contested heritages, the restitution of looted artefacts, and making the space of the gallery relevant to minorities and non-hegemonic groups. However, these discourses cannot be detached from the problem of the museum as a cultural enclosure, a space born in an age of colonialism and capitalism. In postcolonial times, the aesthetic form of the museum shifted from an encyclopaedic exhibitionary complex to the sensorium of a capitalist utopia, embodying the extractive operations that also underlie formal subsumption and the international division of labour. From this point of view, the museum epitomizes a capitalist modernity fraught with inequalities and reflective of the expanding process of combined and uneven development. The heritage that museums conserve and appropriate cannot be reduced to the synchronicity of the present or a scenario of total commodification. As aesthetic form, the postcolonial museum rather testifies to globalization as a process of dialectical interlocking of different regimes of temporality. This nonsynchronous heritage can complicate the dilemmas pitting universalism against restitution, globalization against nationalism. A notion of nonsynchronous heritage drawn from the philosophy of Ernst Bloch can help rethink the role of the postcolonial museum. By no means external to the unevenness of capitalism, the contemporary museum displays a contested field of differing temporal strata and surviving historical ages still active in a turbulent and incomplete present.

Analysis and mapping of global research publications on migrant domestic workers

Recognizing the importance of evidence-based research in informing migration policies and empowering migrant domestic workers (MDWs), this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of MDW research patterns and trends. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, research articles on MDWs were retrieved from the Scopus database. The findings reveal a substantial increase in research output in recent years, with notable contributions from journals in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Key contributors include scholars from the United States, the United Kingdom, and institutions such as the National University of Singapore and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Journals in the field of migration have prominent role in publishing research on MDWs. At the author level, Yeoh, B.S.A, at the National University of Singapore was the most prolific author. Academic activities were the main driver of research and that funding was suboptimal in this field. Highly cited articles focused on topics such as transnational motherhood, the international division of reproductive labor, and the negotiation of citizenship rights. Major research hotspots in the retrieved articles included mental health aspects, caregiving especially of the elderly, and struggles for legal rights. Specific nationalities, such as Filipina/o and Indonesian MDWs, have been the focus of numerous studies, shedding light on their narratives, challenges, and agency within transnational contexts. Overall, this study underscores the urgency of addressing the needs and rights of MDWs, advocate for human rights, and enhance understanding of occupational health and safety in the unique context of domestic work.

Embedded hegemony and the evolution of the United States’ structural power

Whilst the United States’ (US) economic hegemony has existed continuously since the end of World War II, it has not been realised in the same way. In the early post-war period, the US’s hegemony rested on its dominance over gross world product and manufacturing output and exports. However, by the 1970s it began to transition to high-technology industries, services and foreign investment. Using a structural power analysis, this article argues that this transition in the economic foundations of US hegemony was not a reaction to an exogenous shift in the international division of labour, but was rather the result of the endogenous policies, decisions and priorities of the US. Moreover, the article illustrates how the interaction between the four aspects of structural power (security, production, finance and information) determined how these new hegemonic interests were embedded in international institutions and norms to better project US power globally. Through a historical analysis, the article demonstrates that the four aspects of structural power went from mutually reinforcing each other in the early post-war period to detracting from each other from the mid-1960s. This spurred a managed transition by the US from one embedded hegemonic order to another. The result was the construction of contemporary US embedded hegemonic order based on dollar hegemony (financial structural power) and the internationalisation of US corporate dominance (productive structural power), supported by the private ownership of knowledge by US corporations (informational structural power). The article also considers the implications of this analysis for current challenges to the contemporary hegemonic order.

Russia’s Participation in the Development of Transport and Logistics Highways of the EAEU Member States

Aim. An overview analysis of the prospects for trade and economic relations in the EAEU, the SCO countries and other interested states, coupled with interests in the geo-economic and geopolitical Eurasian space in the conditions of artificial escalation of local tensions by the collective West.Tasks. Search and evaluation of optimal routes for the development of traditional and new transport and logistics highways, their branched corridors from the perspective of strengthening economic integration agreements, security and interaction of the Eurasian Union with the SCO countries.Methods. The article uses methodological tools of spatial economics, economic, geographical and geopolitical analysis of the interests of states, analysis and synthesis of interests and synergy of interests of the participating states of global Eurasian projects.Conclusions. The study showed the possibilities of new and old transport magistral (the highway) systems (TMS), both through Kazakhstan and through the development of a unique alternative — the Northern Sea Route (NSR) with the construction of a completely new infrastructure and their maintenance. The issues of TMS on the BAM and Trans-Siberian railway were touched upon. An assessment of alternatives to TMS in terms of cost and time is given. The potential opportunities of the expanding TMS and cargo traffic along the Caspian-Caspian corridor, both overland from the east (Turkmenistan — Kazakhstan — Russia) and the western shore of the Caspian Sea (Iran — Azerbaijan — Russia), as well as along waterways along the same “North — South” corridor, are indicated.Results. An assessment of effective routes has been carried out; strategic objectives have been identified for newly opened transport and logistics highways, which are defined as “new lye routes” through the territories of the EAEU and neighboring interested states (China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, etc.), which gradually plan to enter into closer relations from participating observers relations in the international division of labor.

Do supply chain shocks affect technological sophistication of exporting? Evidence from China’s anti-dumping measures on intermediate products

With the increasing instability of the global economy, supply chain shocks have become a significant concern for policymakers. Studies have demonstrated that supply chain shocks adversely influence firms’ imports; however, the technological sophistication of exporting, an essential factor affecting countries’ status in terms of international division of labor, has not been given sufficient attention. Using a dataset of Chinese firms over the period 2002–2013, we examine the impact of supply chain shocks caused by anti-dumping measures on the technological sophistication of exporting. We show that firms affected by such supply chain shocks experience a decline in the technological sophistication of exporting. We further demonstrate that the impact is channeled through squeezing firms’ profits and impeding firms’ access to technology spillovers. Moreover, we find that the negative effects are more prominent for firms in high-tech industries, firms without subsidies and those with greater financial constraints. Our conclusion deepens the understanding of supply chain shocks with policy implications.

Research on the Impact of Digital Trade on the Reconstruction of Global Value Chains —An Empirical Analysis Based on Cross-national Panel Data

With increasing refinement in production, advancements in information technology, and optimized transport, enterprise value chains have become global. This international division of labor based on Global Value Chains (GVCs) has driven economic growth but also caused issues like income disparity and status inequality. Developed countries aim to maintain dominance in GVCs, while developing countries seek greater participation and advancement within them. For developing nations, breaking the “low-end lock” in GVCs is crucial. This paper empirically examines the complex relationship between digital trade and global value chain reconstruction, and explores the moderating effect of institutional environmental factors on the above relationships. This enriches the research perspective and expands the research at the intersection of digital trade and value chain. Findings suggest that digital trade affects China’s position and participation in global value chains, with institutional quality and economic freedom moderating these effects. This research contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of digital trade and value chain reconstruction, highlighting China’s potential to ascend the global value chain through digital trade development.

The international division of labor in the textile and clothing industry and the prospects of Russian companies

The international division of labor in the textile and clothing industry and the prospects of Russian companies

World Intellectual Capital Circulation: Brain Drain, High-Tech Products and Export of Technologies

The purpose of the present research is to reveal the global structure of intellectual capital flows, in which upstream emigration of scientists and researchers from donor countries enriches the intellectual capital and potential of the recipient countries, while intellectual products and technologies from recipient countries go downstream to donor countries. The research uses expert judgement to collect data. Institutional and comparative analyses are used to explain the structure of intellectual capital flows and to identify the reasons for the upstream emigration of intellectual capital and the downstream export of intellectual products. Econometric methods are used to explain the relationships between indices and scores. We reveal that all countries can be conditionally divided into two categories, namely donors and recipients of human intellectual capital. Donors supply scientists and researchers to recipient countries, and recipient countries supply high-tech products to donors. This situation is not only justified from the perspective of the international division of labor, but is also beneficial for both donor and recipient countries, as donors receive the necessary technology from recipients, and recipients replenish their need for scientists to create high-tech products. This constant circulation leads to the further impoverishment of developing countries, while at the same time becoming the basis for the enrichment of highly developed countries. According to the results of the study, we can conclude that three main characteristics act as factors to describe the global flows of intellectual capital: 1. As recipient countries offer better living and working conditions, higher wages and more secure human rights, the outflow of scientists from donor countries seems to be a natural phenomenon. 2. Research shows that donor countries lack the demand for scientists and their development, as these countries receive high technologies and products from recipient countries, which means that donor countries' policy is aimed at reducing their funding for science. 3. On the contrary, the demand for scientists in recipient countries is growing as high-tech products become the main export commodity. Recipient countries of intellectual human capital have no other export opportunities – they are poor in minerals and the high-tech sector is the only way to balance the country's payments.

Economic Development Pattern and Trade Imbalance: Comparing the U.S. with East Asia

With the development of trade globalization, East Asian countries have occupied an important position in global trade. The rise of the East Asian economy has led to a long-term trade deficit between the United States and East Asian countries, causing economic imbalance. Focusing on the economic development patterns of the United States and East Asian countries, this paper proposes a research question: How does the difference in economic development between the U.S. and East Asian countries lead to trade imbalance? This article uses comparative advantage and absolute advantage theory, Keynesian political economy, global savings glut hypothesis and the flying-geese model to provide theoretical support for the research, and then uses data from the World Bank and Bureau of Economic Analysis to further demonstrate. The last part of this paper makes an empirical analysis through case analysis and model tests. This study argues that differences in economic development lead to an international division of labor and a savings-investment gap, which in turn lead to trade imbalances.

Platform sub-imperialism

This commentary explores Brazil's role in Latin American platform capitalism, integrating Ruy Mauro Marini's theoretical framework with contemporary studies of platform capitalism. It examines the connections between Latin American platforms, overexploitation, and data accumulation, leading to the concept of platform sub-imperialism: The emergence of certain Southern countries as platform sub-imperialist powers, acting as regional centers of data and capital accumulation through the expansion of their platforms into neighboring countries. This positioning constitutes an intermediate state between hegemonic nations and “digital colonies” in the international division of platform labor, data accumulation, and technological dependency.

Dynamics of development of industrial parks in Russia

The globalization of market conditions leads to the development of positions that influence the modification of the national economy. There is a change in business models, a rearrangement of the system of international division of labor. One of the modern business models is the investment and construction of industrial parks, industrial clusters that integrate on their territory the production and logistics capacities necessary for the optimal production and distribution of certain goods. The development of these models in the country, in addition to optimizing production and logistics processes, also makes it possible to influence the economy of the region in which the park is located, both from an economic and demographic point of view, providing jobs. The study describes the current state of development of industrial parks as one of the main sectors of industrial production.

Політекономічний аналіз передумов для створення ефективних корпоративних структур

The article provides political economic analysis of advantages and disadvantages of corporate structures of various types (joint stock companies, trusts, corporations, etc.). Based on their balance, we will try to identify the prerequisites for creating effective corporate structures in the past and now. To this end, economic theories of the development of the corporate sector of economics are considered in the works of representatives of mercantilism, classical political economy, historical school, Marxism, social democracy, neoclassicism, neoliberalism, institutionalism, evolutionary development, Keynesianism, neo-institutionalism, monetarism and transformation of capitalism. The following advantages of corporate structures are singled out and analyzed: concentration and centralization of capital, strong competitive positions, high market value of assets, high profitability, innovatization of economic activity, separation of management from property and limited responsibility of investors, democratization of capital, development of social (including international) division of labor and vertical integration of production, orientation to integration of production and creation of "islands of socialism," social responsibility. The main disadvantages of corporate structures include: contradictions between the owners of capital and between them and employees, increased property differentiation of citizens and the growth of a dormant class, closeness and family-clan character, influence on politicians, monopolization of markets, orientation to economic colonization of other countries, financialization of the economy, significant costs for the technostructure and inefficiency of its control, large transaction costs and neglect of small benefits, tax problems transactions. A superposition of advantages and disadvantages of corporate structures is carried out. It is noted that they have more advantages than disadvantages. It is emphasized that the most critical attitude towards corporate structures is noted among representatives of classical political economy (in particular, A. Smith), Marxism and the historical school. It is concluded that in modern conditions corporate structures are the most important organizational form of business and at the same time the basis of the economy of most countries, including Ukraine. In this regard, it is noted that it is necessary to take a maximum advantage of corporate structures and avoid their shortcomings.

Eurocentric globalization of football. Coloniality, consumption, social distinction and identities of transnational fans in Latin America

ABSTRACT This paper examines the Eurocentric Globalization of Football (EGF), that is, the concentration of capital, broadcasts, players and coaches from around the world in the most powerful football leagues in Europe. It presents a historical analysis based on statistics and an ethnographic approach to three groups of fans of European clubs in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. It is concluded that EGF is defined by an unequal international division of labour that mainly benefits the European clubs and contribute to the reproduction of a kind of (neo)colonial world system. In Latin America, transnational fans are often seen as mere imitators of the so-called ‘first world’ lifestyles and traitors of the national culture. On the contrary, transnational fans conceive the EGF as an opportunity to transit freely through different cultural references, distinguish themselves socially, and build trans-scale identities that creatively challenge traditional ways of building identity in the globalized world.

Выбросы парниковых газов по потреблению: от расчетов к политическим решениям

In national carbon emissions reduction targets as well as within the international climate change regime, production-based (or territorial) emissions are taken into account. Such accounting imposes the major responsibility for emissions on leading emerging economies where most of the carbon-intensive industries are allocated. It also provokes carbon leakage: stringent climate policies in one jurisdiction may lead to the reallocation of production and corresponding emissions to others where companies bear lower regulation costs. Consequently, asymmetry occurs. While most developed countries gradually reduce their emissions, they are simultaneously growing in emerging economies, with no significant progress in the mitigation of global climate change. This paper directs attention to an alternative way of emissions accounting – based on consumption. In this regard, emissions are attributed to the particular economy if they are embodied in goods consumed there regardless of where exactly these emissions are generated. This type of accounting supposes that emissions of major emerging economies are not their own choice but also the reflection of the international division of labour and the result of demand for carbon-intensive goods coming from major centres of consumption in developed countries. Regular calculation and disclosure of consumption-based emissions (along with production-based ones) and their gradual integration into the process of emissions reduction targetsetting would provide a new perspective on sharing responsibility for emissions, prevent carbon leakage and clearly demonstrate the need for international climate cooperation between exporters and importers of carbon-intensive goods, expand the scope of emissions under regulation, and give opportunities to countries to use the wider range of decarbonization tools. The latter would include those that involve the population in mitigation efforts and better link the price for carbon with the level of household consumption, which is important for coping with carbon inequality and promoting climate justice.

The impact of the U.S. Inflation reduction act on the restructuring of the Asia-Pacific energy industry Chain and China’s response strategies

ABSTRACT The development of the energy industry holds a crucial position in the industrial layout of countries worldwide. The Inflation Reduction Act intends to exclude China and other Asian countries from the clean energy industry supply chain, which will have a significant impact on the Asia-Pacific energy industry chain layout. This paper constructs a GTAP-GVC model to simulate and analyze the impact of the act on the layout of the PV and EV industry chains in the Asia Pacific region through GVC participation, location, and industry chain elasticity. The study finds that the implementation of the act will drive the ascent of the international division of labor in the U.S. clean energy industry, while worsening the trade environment for other Asia-Pacific countries. Canada, Mexico, and other ‘allies’ of the U. S. cannot benefit from the subsidy conditions of the act. China should strengthen the development of its domestic clean energy industry, enhance its independent research and development capabilities, and promote industrial technological upgrades to cope with the impact of the act.

Оценка добавленной стоимости во внешней торговле: современные подходы

The increase in globalization processes, which accelerated the fragmentation of production chains in the global economy, updated the task of clarifying the contribution of each of the element of the chain to the final result. With the consolidation of foreign economic cooperation, on the one hand, new opportunities have opened up for the inclusion in the international division of labor for more and more countries and companies, and on the other hand, risk threats of destroying or breaking relationships in these global value chains have intensified. This updated the task of specifying the real volumes of export-import turnover, cleared of double counted elements. In the early 2010s almost simultaneously there have been launched 3 basic concepts of export decomposition in the categories of value-added trade, prepared by UNCTAD, OECD and the EU. The system-functional analysis of the proposed approaches made it possible, at the same time, to reveal a number of keen questions that asked for clarification, in particular, the underestimation of intangible assets in creating value-added in exports within the framework of a specific global value chain, the measurement of value-added embedded in re-export (re-import) turnover of the country, etc. These aspects received due coverage in foreign and domestic economic literature. However, the latest developments by foreign specialists of the methodology of decomposing exports into the internal and external components of net production and double counted elements in the domestic scientific turnover are still being introduced with some delay. In this regard, the article set the task of conducting a comparative analysis of the main new results achieved, focusing on the methods introduced by A. Nagengast – R. Stehrer (2014) and A. Borin – M. Mancini (2019). At the same time, the main attention was concentrated on identifying breakthrough methodological "increments." It was revealed that new results are in demand not only in the context of macroeconomic analysis of transformational processes in the global economy, but also to an increasing extent to adjust foreign trade policy and develop ways to mitigate the risks of deterioration of bilateral foreign trade relations.

Introduction

ABSTRACT Far from simply being a ‘bookend’ of the industrial age, deindustrialization is an integral part of capitalist development and thus has a long history. In the North American context, the early scholarship on deindustrialization emerged from the efforts to resist plant closures as they were happening. More recently, the field of deindustrialization studies has been reinvigorated by authors who have shifted the centre of gravity from the US Rust Belt to Europe and increasingly to other parts of the world. This introduction traces the emergence and recent transformations in the field of deindustrialization studies. It also introduces this themed issue on the politics of deindustrialization, which tells the stories of shuttered mines, mills, and factories within the wider restructuring of the international division of labour in the late twentieth century. The articles, written from a range of disciplinary perspectives, extend outward to how workers, their unions, state actors, and the general public responded to the challenge of deindustrialization. The authors are all affiliated with the ‘Deindustrialization and the Politics of Our Time’ (DePOT) research project (deindustrialization.org), which brings together many of the world’s leading deindustrialization scholars to put the field in transnational perspective. By extending the range of comparisons and scales of analysis, this special-themed issue invites us to broaden our understanding of deindustrialization, both thematically and methodologically.