International Corridor Research Articles

Incidence of unemployment and poverty on migration flows in the South-North international corridor (1990–2022). An econometric panel data approach

The aim of this research is to determine the incidence of socioeconomic variables in migration flows from the main countries of origin that form part of the international South-North migration corridor, such as Mexico, China, India, and the Philippines, during the 1990–2022 period. The independent variables considered are GDP per capita, unemployment, poverty, higher education, and public health, while the dependent variable is migration flows. An econometric panel data model is implemented. The tests conducted indicate that all variables have an integration order of I (1) and exhibit long-term equilibrium. The econometric models used, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), reveal that unemployment and poverty had the strongest influence on migration flows. In both models, within this international migration corridor, GDP per capita, higher education, and health follow in order of importance.

International Corridor “North – South”: The Transport Project, or Big Geopolitics?

The development of the International Transport Corridor “North-South”, designed to provide transport links both with African countries and with India, Pakistan, Iraq, Turkey, etc., began back in 2000. The implementation of the project in the current difficult geopolitical conditions turns it into a real alternative to the sea route connecting Europe, the countries of the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal. The Chinese vision of the project focuses on the possibilities of connecting the One Belt and One Road initiative with the Russian-Iranian ITC, as well as the projects in Central Asia and the Caspian Sea zone. Russia is the main link of the North – South international transport corridor, which is moving from an applied transport and technological project into the category of Russian instruments of great geopolitics. The article analyzes the key transport, economic and international political aspects of the North – South project, including internal Russian and external South Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia), Caspian (Iranian), Indian and Chinese characteristics, optimization opportunities and options for further Russian regional integration on the Eurasian continent.

Mathematical modelling of the railway station’s technological parameters in transport corridor system of export traffic increasing volumes

The study substantiates the need to develop mathematical analysis methods of railway station technology in the context of increasing the volume of freight traffic through the constituent elements of the infrastructure of the international transport corridor. The aim of the work is to develop proposals for improving the station operation technology under the conditions of its additional functions, to analyse the unevenness of the station transportation process and to assess changes in the transport corridor parameters. The object of the study is the Astrakhan-II station of the Volga Railway (JSC "Russian Railways"), located within the boundaries of the international corridor "North-South". In the article on the example of a particular station, its technical and operational characteristics, time norms for the performance of various technological operations, the unevenness of the station process is assessed, and a mathematical model of the station operation as a mass service system is developed. The "bottlenecks" are identified and proposals are formed to increase the processing capacity of the station, aimed at reducing channel utilisation and downtime duration. The results of the mathematical model are supplemented with technological proposals to change the formation plan of the Astrakhan II station to assist the port of Olya in picking up ship consignments in order to maximise the efficient use of Astrakhan II station capacity and reduce the need for track development in the port of Olya for marshalling operations, and consequently reduce the cost of its development. As part of compliance with the coordinated development of all elements of transport infrastructure, the capacity of the railway approaches to the station is assessed and a final set of measures is established.

Institutional acceptance of wildlife mitigation technologies for wind energy: The case of Israel

While the existing literature on the acceptability of renewable energy focuses primarily on stated preferences of individual acceptance, this study focuses on a socio-political dimension of acceptance by examining revealed preferences as evidenced by stakeholder interactions with in a regulatory process. Specifically, we examine the acceptability of technology designed to mitigate harm to wildlife: a Shutdown On Demand (SOD) technology. Taking a longitudinal approach, we review planning protocols covering four years of negotiations over this new mitigating technology in the case of a proposed wind farm to be located along a major international corridor for migrating birds. We develop three separate indicators of institutional acceptance and demonstrate how exposure to different types of uncertainties influenced acceptance of the technology over time. We also show how various responses to these uncertainties can resolve gridlocks around institutional acceptance. The study offers insights into the development of negotiations strategies for different stakeholders over time. It also offers recommendations for policy designed to resolve issues inhibiting institutional acceptance, including data gathering and exchange, issue linkage strategies, and incremental regime building.

Blockchain Solutions for International Logistics Networks along the New Silk Road between Europe and Asia

The primary research that underpins this paper seeks to explore the applications of blockchain technology on a specific international corridor and to draw policy implications for decision makers. To analyze the bottlenecks of operating on the New Silk Road and to identify opportunities for applying the blockchain technology on this corridor, a survey was conducted among main train operators and experts working on this route. These responses provide insight into the issues related to the adoption of blockchain technology from front-line actors. The top three challenges are lack of capacities, congestion at transshipment terminals, and slow border crossing. Through the application of blockchain technology, the operators are presented with opportunities for improved accuracy in the processing of data and information, higher reliability of information flows through failure-free transfer of information, and improved traceability of supply chains through irrevocable input of status information. Currently, 50% of the respondents have started to implement blockchain applications or have an actual interest to apply blockchain solutions. For a wider implementation of blockchain solutions, business models need to be developed allowing private and permissioned access that is accepted and open for parties involved. Policy makers should facilitate these digital innovations through flexible and harmonized legal regulations on an international level.

Cultural positioning and strategic resilience

The international corridor located on the US-Mexico border is recognized as a highly resilient community existing within the fast-emerging economy. This community comprises a cultural integration of American and Latinx cultures, which is evident within business and consumer practices. Accordingly, business and branding strategy is culturally oriented and culturally expressive. This paper presents two business cases that illustrate how cultural positioning is achieved with local brands that expand beyond the local context to the mainstream market. The two cases presented in this paper are Topo Chico and Laredo Taco. Each of these cases began within a cultural niche with recognized potential that translated to the mainstream American market, demonstrating strategic resilience along the way. The Topo Chico case shows perseverance in a bottle and the Laredo Taco case shows resilience combined as authenticity and innovation. The implications of the cases presented to demonstrate the value of a strong cultural positioning, strategic alliances, and a view to the longer term and farther horizon.

Якутский губернатор И.И. Крафт и его вклад в строительство Муро-Якутской магистрали в начале XX в.

The article considers the activities of Ivan Kraft, the governor of Yakutsk Oblast, on the incorporation of North-East Siberia into the single economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the Russian Empire. The aim of the study is to analyze Kraft's contribution to the construction and arrangement of the Amur-Yakutsk Highway at the beginning of the 20th century. To reach this aim, the authors broadly use archival sources that have not been previously published and introduced into academic discourse. The topic has theoretical and applied relevance. It has not been sufficiently studied in the historiography of North-East Siberia and is the subject of scholarly and political discussions. The key method in the study is an interdisciplinary approach to the research problem, which is at the intersection of history and economics. The authors used content analysis for a quantitative and qualitative study of these sources based on the principle of historicism and consistency. The authors determined that, in connection with the design of the Amur Railway, the Amur-Yakutsk Highway received the status of a strategic infrastructure object in the macroregion. The authors note that Kraft was the initiator of the construction of the route from Yakutsk to the Amur. The governor conducted a number of scientific and engineering surveys of the most convenient route and made applications for financing the construction of the highway. Kraft made a strategic decision to attract private companies with large capital for the construction. The Upper Amur Gold Mining Company and the Heirs of A. I. Gromova company helped build highway sections with a total length of more than 500 km, equip stations, establish telegraph communications, and construct river crossings. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the framework of modernization measures, Kraft considered Yakutsk Oblast as a mining region. This became the basis for raising the question of Yakutia's access to the Trans-Siberian Railway. The close cooperation of the government, in the person of Kraft, with large enterprises of the region was the basis for the project of constructing a railway line to Yakutsk. In conclusion, the authors note that the processes of incorporation of the Asian borderlands of Russia into the economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the state that Governor of Yakutsk Oblast Ivan Kraft began at the beginning of the 20th century were reflected in the modern policy of the Russian Federation. The Amur-Yakutsk Mainline was put into operation in 2015. At present, the problem of building a bridge across the Lena in the Yakutsk area is still relevant. In 2019, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed orders to begin the construction of the bridge. This will create an international transit corridor between Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

Capacity of Corridor Lines After Modernization

The aim of the paper is to select a suitable comparative methodology for assessing the impact of modernization of a specific line section, which is part of the EU international railway corridor, based on the knowledge of methodologies for determining the capacity of railway infrastructure. Some construction measures may have a negative impact on the timetable stability in the future, as well as on the ability to accept new traffic flows from other modes of transport in line with EU transport policy. Subsequently, it is necessary to propose measures for optimal capacity utilization. The section Žilina - Vrútky in Slovakia, which is part of the 5th International Corridor of the TEN-T network, was selected for the case study.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ РЕГИОНОВ, ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ В РАМКАХ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ПРОЕКТА «ЕНИСЕЙСКАЯ СИБИРЬ»

Socio-economic relations in the context of market changes give rise to other types of interactions between neighboring regions in the general spatial aspect of the country's development. The market system itself creates a new nature of competitive interactions between various economic agents, accordingly, differentiation between entities increases, all this is characterized by new transformations to minimize this situation at the level of the country and regions. Therefore, recently the regions began to activate their potential capabilities by coordinating actions in a single direction, and one of such integral projects is the Yenisei Siberia complex investment project (KIP ES). The purpose of this study is to study the foundations of the socio-economic development of interacting regions. The research is based on the fundamental provisions of the theory and methodology of socio-economic development, the theory of interaction and scientific research in the field of regional economics. Various methods were used in the study, such as comparative analysis, graphical and tabular methods. To study the aspects of socio-economic development, the participants of the KIP "ES" were considered: Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Khakassia, Republic of Tyva. The project participants have the prospects of cross-border cooperation in the spatial development of the country, and one of the participants has the potential to open an "international corridor" to Mongolia and China due to its peripheral territorial position. The interaction of three subjects of the Russian Federation of different levels of socio-economic development: the developed Krasnoyarsk Territory, the developing Republic of Khakassia and the underdeveloped Republic of Tyva - as a result of the implementation of investment projects included in the EU CIP, will increase the economic potential, strengthen economic ties in the spatial development of territories.

Possibility of Increasing the Railway Capacity of the R106 Regional Line by Using a Simulation Tool

In this paper, emphasis is placed on the R106 regional line, given its relevance to the daily mobility of residents from the Zagorje region to the Croatian capital, Zagreb. The R106 railway, on the one hand, enables traffic to the railways of the neighbouring Republic of Slovenia, and on the other it is connection to the regional railway R201 Zaprešić - Varaždin and the international corridor M101 as a connection with Zagreb. Part of the R201 line is stock Zaprešić – Zabok, the section to which the R106 line connects and is currently being overhauled, electrified and equipped with modern signalling devices. Upon completion, it will be possible to utilize 50% more capacity of that section of the railway, but also to include it in the Zagreb sub-urban ring. This will increase mobility throughout the entire Zagorje region. Consequently, to meet the generated increase in demand, it will be necessary to increase the number of trains on line R106, but also to increase its existing capacity, as it will gain even more importance, both for regional traffic and for daily local migration of the population to go to business, administrative and other needs. In view of this, the paper describes mentioned specific circumstances, which give rise to the need for more detailed research and looks at the existing technical characteristics of the R106 line. Accordingly, additional measures are provided for rail and station security, whose impact on capacity will be determined through simulation using the Opentrack software package. The implementation of the proposed measures would contribute to increase the capacity of the R106 line, but also to increase its importance not only at regional level but also in the context of border and international traffic.

Comparison of international transport corridors in the Arctic based on the autoregressive distributed lag model

This article examines the modeling of international transport corridors using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The modeling of international transport corridors makes allowance for the potential capacity to develop the Arctic transport environment in the context of polar ice melting and increasing time of navigation on the seas of the Arctic Ocean. The authors build models for the Northern Sea Route, the Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR), the Southern Sea Route (transport corridor of the Suez Canal), the Northwest Passage, and analyze the natural, organizational, technological, and economic factors that affect the endogenous variable of the international transport corridor model. When building the transport corridor models, the authors take the volume of transit traffic via the international corridor in time t as the endogenous variable for all corridors. Exogenous variables are selected according to the variables that have the highest impact on the volume of traffic via each transport corridor and feature most prominently in the literature reviewed in this article. For the Northern Sea Route, these variables include Russia’s GDP, the number of ships passing through the route, the number of nuclear icebreakers, the average tariff, and the minimum ice coverage in the Arctic. For the Southern Sea Route (transport corridor of the Suez Canal) – EU’s GDP, the number of ships passing through the route, the average tariff, and the volume of commercial transit cargo. The methodology for determining the parameters of the model includes the following procedures: flux balance analysis, analysis of the autocorrelation between endogenous and exogenous variables, multicollinearity analysis.

Jurisdiction Issue in Cyberspace and International Principals

This paper tried to emphasis on the most crucial issue in cybercrime, which is jurisdiction. Exponential growth of cybercrime is a big problem for any developed or developing nation these days but the most problematic area is there jurisdiction. This research paper is an ex-post facto research and based on various theories and judgments take in international platform related to jurisdictional Issue. Recently in the case of Kulbhushan Jadhav, this issue was raised in international corridor that weather Pakistan got jurisdiction to heard and decide this case or not. In this case International court of justice hold the decision of the Pakistan Supreme Court. This paper is not concern about Kulbhushan case but only focusing on the fundamentals which work behind the jurisdictional issues in cyberspace. This paper is the attempt of an outcome to gauge the scope of state and international Jurisdiction in cyber space.

ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ФИЛОСОФИИ БЕРЕЖЛИВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article describes the experience of introducing lean production philosophy at Astrakhan State University in terms of a consistent study of the practice of effective implementing 14 principles of Toyota production system in the university. There have been defined main characteristics of the lean production concept. There has been substantiated the expediency of applying the concept of “lean management” in the university - the management system of the organization that contributes to the optimization of all its business processes, enhancing the potential of each employee for maximum orientation to the needs of the consumer. Organizational process of learning modern tools of lean production system at the weekly University seminars through creating the Department of human resources development is being considered, the practice of modeling lean production system tools and their implementation in the structural units of the University is studied. Intercompany training is regarded as a basis of a management system of the University. It has been said that research and innovation activities in Astrakhan State University have taken an important part for the last decade. Special attention is paid to long-term cooperation between the University and its partners from the neighboring countries (Gilyan University, Baku State University, Shanghay University, Dongseo University, Clark University, Bard-College, Worcester Polytechnic Institute etc.) and building the international innovative corridor. There are used methods of analogy, generalization, analysis and synthesis. As a result, a self-learning University - Astrakhan State University - has been created with an extensive communication system, employees engaged in continuous improvement and satisfied customers. There has been presented the algorithm of implementation of lean production tools in the University, which will be useful for other Russian universities.

Post-project assessment of transport and environmental risks of the "Western Europe – Western China" international corridor

Despite the rapid process of Kazakhstan’s integration into the global logistics system, stages of post-project assessment and mechanisms for optimization of transport and environmental risks of international corridors are still not developed taking into account their impact on the development of the regions involved in the transit. Stages are proposed for post-project assessment and monitoring of international transport corridors, their impact on the environment, what is needed to confirm, assessment of the impact of construction on the environment and effective preventive, and if necessary, corrective measures, aimed at coordination between construction and the environment. The post-project evaluation program being developed takes into account not only the results of road construction – engineering analysis of road construction, but also assesses the long-term environmental impact on the socio-economic development of the areas involved in the corridor system. Post-project evaluation includes analysis of transport corridors, especially relevant for arid regions, as the most vulnerable in the increasing climate change.

Research on Intermodal Terminal Interaction in International Transport Corridors

Maritime and Hinterland terminals enable the transhipment of load units between various modes of transport and play a significant role in intermodal freight transport. The aim of the Thesis was to investigate the opportunities of interface between the intermodal terminals along the East–West and North–South international transport corridors in developing new services/goods. The theoretical-analytic part of the Thesis considers the issues related to the efficiency of interface of the multi-modal transport. Moreover this study discusses functions and role of the intermodal terminals in delivering intermodal units along the international transport corridors. In the Thesis related to the research presents a model (based on the literature analysis and findings of the questionnaire survey) could improve the interface of intermodal terminals along the international transport corridors. Continuation of distribution activity from the sea port terminal via the main terminal (hub) and further to more regions by using the services of containers trains will ensure more effective use of infrastructure (maritime and hinterland terminals). Information and communication technologies make transport services more attractive and viable. By applying the questionnaire survey and evaluating the key factors influencing the effectiveness of the international corridor, the efforts were made to investigate the opportunities of interface of intermodal terminals. In cooperation with all the stakeholders the applied new model could facilitate the development of new services in the international transport corridors.

Consistency and Coherence of Turtle Conservation Policies in Venu Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaimana, West Papua

Policy management of turtle conservation in the region of Venu Island Wildlife Sanctuary , Kaimana, West Papua is indispensable. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the turtle conservation policy and it’s implementation, both the consistency and coherence. The analytical method used is content analysis and simple mathematic statistics. The consistency of turtle conservation management policies is found inconsistent in implementation. Similarly, coherence between the policy on turtle conservation management with government policy is found incoherent, as it is more oriented to economic growth compared to turtle conservation management. This is due to weak management, among others: communication, resources, attitudes and behavior , and bureaucratic structures. Management Authority Multi-stakeholder was found as a form of the collaborative approach in carrying out the turtle conservation among institutional managers with other key stakeholders. Consolidation of these institutions need to be carried out by non-governmental organizations, i.e ., Conservation International (Indonesia) Corridor Kaimana and local government, i.e ., the Department of Marine and Fisheries, Department of tourism and culture along with Indigenous Peoples. So policy integration among sectors as well as the consistency and coherence should be coherent in the approach to building synergy with policies of sustainable management of turtle conservation in the region of Venu Island Wildlife Sanctuary , Kaimana, West Papua.

Enhancing Transit Trade, Facilitation System and Supply Chain Security for Local, Regional and an International Corridor

Enhancing Transit Trade, Facilitation System and Supply Chain Security for Local, Regional and an International Corridor

From research and living lab to implementation of C-ITS

A new technology for a further improved future. Who is the acting subject? Key actors in this ECo-AT Living Lab do the preparation jointly together; this is unusual and the newest trend. No commercial structure, no traditional valley of death-type deployment pitfall. Asfinag, Kapsch, Siemens, Swarco and an entire ECo-AT consortium are setting the scene for Europe’s test of the latest C-ITS technology. And, because all this is embedded within an international corridor Rotterdam–Frankfurt/M.–Vienna, this Living Lab approach is evolving to a new instrument for preparing C-ITS deployment.

TRANSPORTATION SECTOR IN TURKEY: FUTURE EXPECTATIONS ABOUT RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION OF TURKEY

would provide east-west and north-south connection were built. In recent years, Turkey has been experiencing important developments related with railway transportation. Due to playing great role of railway transportation in Turkey’s effectiveness in carrying international cargo, being on an important location in the international corridor, increasing the public investments and allowances for the railway transportation, works have been started especially in terms of international cargo transportation. In this study, by examining the overall structure of the transport sector in Turkey, foresight of railway transportation until 2025 has been aimed to be made

Трансграничные сделки слияний и поглощений между странами СНГ и Персидского залива

The article analyses cross-border mergers and acquisition deals (M&A-deals) between the CIS and Persian Gulf countries in the period from 1990 till the present day. The author defines distinctive features, number, value, status and transparency of such M&A-deals, estimates average deal value and volume of the largest M&A-deals. In addition, the author shows country, industry and type breakdown of M&A-deals. Then the author reviews the main cross-border M&A-deals by industries. In the financial sector the biggest M&A-deal is between the Ministry of finance of Abu-Dhabi and the Russian direct investment fund (RDIF), the two main players from the CIS side are RDIF and VTB. Then the author analyses M&A-deals in extractive sector, and defines the biggest project which is joint venture of LUKoil in Saudi Arabia. In the production sector Russian metallurgical companies are the main investors. In the transport and infrastructure sphere the biggest project is the building of international transit corridor between Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Oman. The main investor in port sector of CIS is DP World from UAE. The author defines the sectors with high growth potential of cross-border M&A-activity. These are energy, agriculture, construction and tourism. The most significant deals in these sectors are the acquisition of Russian Enel OGK-5 by Emirates investors, building of Abu Dhabi Plaza in Astana (Kazakhstan) with the highest tower in the whole Central Asia and Russian-Emirates partnership for the building of satellite city in Moscow region. As far as Persian Gulf countries are the largest foodstuff importers in the world the potential of M&A-deals in agriculture industry and prospects for CIS grain exporters are also high. In conclusion, the author resumes that the trend in the number of cross-border M&A-deals is positive and that a good potential for development of investment cooperation between countries exists.