International Competitive Advantage Research Articles

Направления развития системы таможенно-тарифного регулирования РФ в условиях новой нормальности

The purpose of this article is to review and analyze domestic and foreign studies devoted to the problem of the effectiveness of the application of the customs policy of the Russian Federation. The main objective of the article is to summarize the theoretical and practical experience of using the tools of customs and tariff regulation and to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of their use as a way of ensuring the economic security of the country. The liberalization of foreign economic relations within the framework of integration associations, as a key element of globalization, allows the most effective transformation of the structure of exports and imports of countries, taking into account their international specialization and competitive advantages. In these conditions, it is important for the national economy to achieve a certain balance between the elimination of barriers and reducing the negative consequences of integration for the member states. This problem has gained additional relevance in light of the deepening of the integration processes of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. The reduction of institutional barriers to foreign trade imposes additional requirements on the effectiveness of customs and tariff regulation systems. This involves identifying existing problems and developing measures to solve them. The measures proposed in the article to improve the instruments of customs and tariff regulation make it possible to reduce the negative effect of restrictive measures on the national economy.

Mapping the landscape of university technology flows in China using patent assignment data

The commercialization of intellectual property has become a fundamental avenue for universities to improve regional competitiveness. However, large-scale empirical studies on patent transfers, reflecting technology and knowledge sharing, remain limited. This study used social network analysis to investigate university technology flows in China based on patent assignments from technological, organizational, and regional perspectives. The results firstly revealed clear stage characteristics in the number of university patent assignments with the improvement of the Chinese version of the Bayh-Dole Act. Secondly, popular technologies in university technology flows mainly concentrated on measurement, testing, digital transmission, and other areas in which enterprises lack international competitive advantage. Thirdly, central actors comprised prestigious universities focusing on science, engineering, and comprehensive disciplines, along with intellectual property-focused enterprises. Finally, university technology flows gradually delocalized, and varied regional patterns exist owing to a spatial mismatch between university knowledge supply and regional demand. These findings have several practical and policy implications for government and university management in terms of promoting emerging technologies and clarifying universities’ functions in regional and national innovation systems. This study contributes to the economic geography literature on regional innovation.

Determinants of Coffee Experts of Bandar Lampung Province in the International Market for the Period 2004-2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of Bandar Lampung province's coffee exports in the long and short term and analyze the competitiveness of coffee in the international market. This research is research with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique uses time series data totaling 70 quarters. The analysis technique uses the Error Correction Model (ECM) with prerequisite tests, namely the classical assumption test, stationarity test, cointegration test, ECM test, ECT test, and analysis. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Research findings show that 1) the rupiah exchange rate influences coffee exports in the long and short term. 2) There is an influence of production on coffee exports in the long and short term. 3) International coffee prices influence coffee exports in the long and short term. 4) Domestic coffee prices influence coffee exports in the long and short term. 5) There is a simultaneous influence of the rupiah exchange rate, production, international coffee prices, and domestic coffee prices on coffee exports, namely 74 percent. 6) The competitiveness of coffee in the international market has a comparative advantage of R>1. The research implies the importance of exchange rate policies, management of production and exports, as well as comparative advantage in international market competition. Continuous improvement in the quality and competitiveness of coffee is crucial for maximizing this potential in the global market.

JPMorgan Chase Supply Chain Finance Business Development Strategy Study

Supply chain finance is an organic combination of the logistics industry and the financial industry. The two promote each other and develop together. This paper focuses on the general steps of strategic research, puts forward the basic concept of supply chain finance, and analyzes the development status and main problems of JPMorgan Chase Banks supply chain finance business. Through the construction of the SWOT model, the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of JPMorgan Chase Banks development of supply chain financial business are carefully studied, and the optimal strategy for the development of supply chain financial business is proposed. For the supply chain business in JPMorgan Chases SWOT analysis model derived aggressive strategy, JPMorgan Chases disadvantages and advantages in the global market have distinctive characteristics, such as an international competitive advantage and a mature product line, suitable for JPMorgan Chase to open the market quickly, while the lack of overseas advantages makes JPMorgan Chase must segment the market and implement differentiated competitive target customer selection strategies, etc.

Examining the Impact of Internationalization and Competitive Advantages on Enterprise Performance in Taiwan’s Computer Numerical Control Machine Industry

An enterprise must have good operating performance to operate continuously. A good company itself must have a good management team and a large enough market to operate. Taiwan is located in East Asia, and has neighboring countries, such as Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines. Taiwan’s machine tools industry cannot be developed on a large scale due to the geographical environment and land area restrictions. Enterprises are constrained by the external environment, which includes economic cycles, raw materials supply, user demand, and other factors that influence their performance. This is the primary challenge currently faced by Taiwan’s CNC industry. According to relevant research, companies can utilize various strategic models to identify operational shortcomings from the perspective of their employees, in order to enhance business performance. Therefore, Taiwan’s machine tool industry has to be extended to a larger scale. In the international market, only by exporting products and, then, taking full advantage of higher-quality capabilities, can we create good corporate performance. Therefore, internationalization is an important factor for Taiwan’s companies to improve their operating performance. This article uses Taiwan’s machine tools industry to explore the impact of factors, such as international perspectives and competitive advantages, on operating performance; this study selects 62 companies as a sample, the period is 2022. and analyzes the data type using class regression. The empirical results show that in the initial stage of internationalization, internationalization and competitive advantages help companies improve their operating performance. The industrial environment has a positive regulatory effect on internationalization and enterprise performance. However, when the company reaches the stage of internationalization, its operating performance begins to decline. Therefore, companies must recognize their own operating capabilities and create a more favorable operating performance under internationalized strategies. The important factor is that only through continuous innovation can companies gain an advantage in their long-term operations. With the advent of the era of Industry 4.0, industry knowledge is highly intensive and competition within the international environment is fierce. Companies should plan for a long-term competitive advantage to improve enterprise performance.

Research on the Trade Potential of Chinese Carpet

Chinese carpet export has a long history, and the current political and economic environment of the world is complex and changeable, and the economies of various countries have been affected to a certain extent. Therefore, by studying the export status of Chinese carpet and tapping the export potential of Chinese carpet, we can better promote China's economic growth under complex circumstances. This paper focuses on the export status of Chinese carpet, export trading partners and the international competitive advantage of Chinese carpet, and analyzes the factors affecting the export of Chinese carpet by establishing a trade gravity model, and estimates the export potential of Chinese carpet. On the basis of the research, the paper gives policy suggestions from the two perspectives of government and enterprise respectively.

Development Status of Digital Economy in Northeast Asian Countries and China’s Opportunities

With the vigorous development of digital technology, the development of the digital economy has become an important component of the global economy. Against the background of negative growth of major global economies hit hard by the COVID-19 epidemic, the steadily rising digital economy has become a key force to boost the global economy and an important engine to promote global economic development. Northeast Asian countries should use the dividends released by the digital economy to promote the coordinated development of digital technology innovation within the region, respond to technological revolution and industrial transformation, and build new international competitive advantages. This article provides a detailed overview of the current development status of digital economy in various countries in Northeast Asia, analyzes the challenges faced by countries in the region in developing cross-border digital economic and trade cooperation from three aspects: political mutual trust, digital divide, and network security. It further proposes to build a cross-border digital service trade platform in Northeast Asia, establish a China North Russia Far East digital free trade zone, so as to promote the deepening of cooperation and common development in digital trade within the region.

The Future of the Dollar in Light of the Rising Economic Capacity of Chinese Trade

Purpose: This research deals with the major changes in trade balances between large countries, especially between the United States and China, in light of the continuous increase in the capabilities of the Chinese economy. This was reflected in the exchange value of foreign currencies to reflect this shift in economic balances. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between the rise of the Chinese economy and its currency, the Yuan, and the possible decline in the international dealings of the dollar. Methodology: The analytical descriptive approach was adopted to analyze the relationship between the increasing capacity of the Chinese economy and the decline in financial transactions in the US dollar. The theoretical framework: This research will deal with shifts in the economic balance of power by presenting an analysis of the reality of both the United States and China and analyzing the dimensions of this shift on the overall international relations between different countries. Findings: The results of this research the fact that the volume of trade competition between the United States and China has increased, and despite the importance of sound economic policies that support international competitive advantage, the role of comparative advantage achieved by the abundance of factors of production is no less important than improving the country's commercial performance. Research practical and social implications: The research is of great importance by showing the size of the relationship between the future of the dollar in commercial dealings with it and the rise of the Chinese economy and the conditions it will impose among all countries dealing in dollars. Originality/value: The research has great that it analyzes changes in the contemporary international balance of power with the emergence of new international trade powers.

A Study on the Integration Path of China-ASEAN Digital RMB Cross-border E-commerce in the Context of Big Data

In the trend of the global digital economy, digital currency will become one of the important payment methods in cross-border trade in the future. Countries that are in a leading position in this technology can enhance their voice in the formulation of international rules. The development and use of digital currency by the central bank is of great significance for China to gain an advantage in international financial competition in the context of the digital age. From a key strategic partner - ASEAN as the entry point, this paper expounds the current situation of China-ASEAN cross-border e-commerce. Based on online data, this paper reveals the four problems faced by digital RMB cross-border e-commerce in the China-ASEAN framework through collection, integration and comparative analysis. On that basis, this paper makes the following suggestions: promoting the standardization of digital currency supervision, improving the "Bilateral Currency Swap Agreement", and actively carrying out international dialogue and talent exchanges, so as to help ASEAN carry out cross-border cooperation of digital RMB and cultivate the advantages of China's digital economy in the competition of cross-border e-commerce.

Spanish economy on the trajectory of the modernisation process

The experience of Spain indicates that in the actual conditions of decomposition of global and European economic growth, the promotion of modernisation processes involves reforming and structural rebooting of the economy, highlighting and systemic support for high-tech sectors of the economy. These and other problems of modernization are solved on the basis of the existing scientific and technical potential and international competitive advantages of Spanish business leaders in certain sectors of the world economy. As an example, the article demonstrates that in the changing European environment Madrid has tried to seize the initiative in the critical energy field. In this regard, the Spanish authorities predictably focused on relations with neighboring countries: Portugal and France, the creation of an energy system's interconnectivity, which has become one of the main tasks of the reform. Among other key areas are reindustrialisation, innovatisation programme digitalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises, creating conditions for the growth of technological unicorn startups. With the assistance of scientific methods of systemic, comparative, historical, content and statistical analysis, case study, the article reveals the concept of Spanish modernisation and gives its periodisation, defines the goals, tools, risks and challenges of the current stage of modernisation.

A Framework to Enhance the International Competitive Advantage of Information Technology Graduates

The main objective of any educational institution is to provide its students with the best educational knowledge and experience so, they can be employed to meet the labor market demands. Due to the rapidly changing in the technology industry and the expanding need for information technology (IT) professionals. The mismatch between IT graduates and the needs of the labor market leads to their inability to employ and job misplacement. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the most significant factors affecting IT graduates' employability and their ability to compete in the local, regional, and international labor markets through a detailed literature review and by conducting two surveys, one for IT graduates and the other for IT employers. Then, data were collected and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0 to build our proposed framework which will integrate all factors and parties involved to enhance graduates’ employability to match the labor market demands. The proposed model will assist all parties in improving their plans for producing graduates who are skilled, knowledgeable, and meet the labor market demands.

Mathematical Exchange Rates Modeling: Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Dynamics

The development of the author’s concept of the International Flows Equilibrium Exchange Rate (IFEER) is the basis for the mathematical exchange rate modeling of two interconnected equal economies. IFEER-concept allows modeling the exchange rate dynamics of relatively medium-term equilibrium and short- and long-term disequilibrium. Discrete and integral versions of the concept are the basis for further modeling. New structural models of medium-, short- and long-term dynamics and new final structural dependencies of the exchange rate on the system of fundamental factors are the main results. The models include mathematically formalized export-import and capital flows and international competitive advantages indicators. The modeling allowed the revealing of the structural pricing mechanism of the exchange rate dynamics from new positions. We verify the US dollar to the Russian ruble exchange rate modeling during periods of financial and economic crises in recent Russian history, based on a systematic analysis of the exchange rate policy. Because of the analysis, the fall in export prices of oil and other energy carriers in international markets, the rise in consumer prices within the country, and the fall in aggregate output are the main reasons for the fall of the Russian ruble. The conducted modeling allows for the evaluation of the short-term contribution to the crisis depreciation dynamics. The mathematical tools allow for the development of the decision-making process on the exchange rate regulation.

OFDI and firms' sustainable productive capacity: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms

Using data on industrial firms from 1999 to 2007, this paper explores the relationship between the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and sustainable productive capacity of Chinese firms. The paper finds that, first, industrial firms’ engagement in OFDI has a significant impact on their sustainable productive capacity. Second, OFDI has a more pronounced effect on sustainable productive capacity for firms with developed countries as their investment destination countries, firms with single branches, and overseas trade sales-oriented firms. Finally, human capital, R&D intensity, and technology gap have significant mediating effects on the relationship between OFDI and sustainable productive capacity. Therefore, in order to better exploit the role of corporate OFDI in boosting sustainable productive capacity, China should expand its space for foreign cooperation among domestic firms, improve the talent cultivation mechanism, and capitalize on the international competitive advantages of multinational enterprises.

Data-driven Regional Defense Technology Collaborative Innovation Visualization Research of The Development Situation

Innovation-driven development strategy as China's national strategy, it is of strategic significance for China to form a new international competitive advantage and enhance the long-term driving force for development. This paper constructs an index system the for the evaluation of regional defense technology collaborative innovation , with eight innovation reform experimental area and cities and states as a research object, using big data technology and methods to collect index data online, and at the same time based on AHP level comprehensive evaluation and the "normalization" processing methods of network search heat value, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the development trend of national defense and national defense science and technology collaborative innovation in the region, and form a visual image display. Research results show that: in the process of coordinated development of regional defense science and technology, the pilot zone for innovation and reform in urban areas, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, ChengDeMian and other aeras, are enjoying good momentum of collaborative innovation in defense science and technology. Chengdu, Mianyang and other urban defense science and technology collaborative innovation development trend is good, which provides data support for the regional defense science and technology collaborative innovation research and promote the in-depth development of defense science and technology collaborative innovation.

THE SMART SPECIALIZATION APPROACH THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE KEY PROVISIONS OF THE THEORY OF FREE TRADE: CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the approach of smart specialization through the prism of key provisions of D. Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage, to identify its limitations for industrial weak countries and on this basis to identify key guidelines for the development of smart specialization strategies in Ukraine in view of the challenges of the postwar era. Materials and methods. The study is based on theoretical works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the problems of implementing the approach of smart-specialization in the practice of regional development. The work was carried out using the methods of systematization and generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and systematic approach. Results. The theoretical basis of the approach of "smart specialization" is revealed, the synthesis of economic schools, theories and concepts underlying this approach is defined. The insufficient theoretical development of its main provisions, which is negatively reflected in practice, especially in less economically developed countries and regions, was substantiated. It is concluded that the reasons for this lie, in particular, in the limitations of the Ricardian theory, on the provisions of which the smart specialization approach is based. It is emphasized that the Ricardian theory does not take into account the technological factor, which considers the technological base of the country as a constant, which does not give industrial weak countries an opportunity to change the raw material nature of their economy to a fundamentally new - innovative one. The historical retrospective traces the strategy of development of economically powerful countries in achieving their international competitive advantages, which is diametrically opposed to Ricardian theory. On the basis of this the key guidelines for the development of strategies of reasonable specialization in Ukraine in the post-war period of its reconstruction in order to prevent the preservation of the raw material nature of the national economy and its secondary position in the world are outlined. Conclusion. It is proved that post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should be aimed at radical changes in the structure of the economy, the transition from the agrarian-raw type to industrial-innovative type on the basis of creating a modern high-tech industry in the conditions of unfolding in the world of a new technological revolution.

Uluslararasılaşma Düzeyi ve Finansal Performans İlişkisi: BİST İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin küresel ekonomideki görünürlüğü ve büyümesi arttıkça, bu ekonomilerde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin faaliyetleri de daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Özellikle liberalleşme adımlarının hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki işletmelerin uluslararasılaşmasını arttırdığı bilinmektedir. Ancak artan uluslararasılaşmanın işletmelere sağladığı performans getirilerinin istenilen düzeyde gerçekleşmesi konusu tartışmalıdır. İlgili yazında uluslararasılaşma düzeyinin işletme performansı üzerinde olumsuz, olumlu ve karma etkileri olduğunu belirten birçok çalışma ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde olduğu gibi liberalleşme ve uluslararasılaşma sürecinin uzun yıllardır devam ettiği Türkiye’deki işletmelerin uluslararasılaşma ve finansal performans ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. BİST’te işlem gören 295 işletmeden 2005-2018 yıllarına dair elde edilen 3386 gözlem panel sabit etkiler modeli ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre, örneklemde yer alan işletmelerin uluslararasılaşması arttıkça finansal performansı düşmektedir. Benzer şekilde işletmelerin Ar-Ge yoğunluğu ve kaldıraç oranının artması finansal performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Öte yandan, işletmelerin büyüklüğü arttıkça finansal performans düzeyleri de artmaktadır. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında uluslararasılaşmanın getirilerinden Türkiye’deki işletmelerin henüz beklenen oranda faydalanamadığı sonucu elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’deki işletmelerin uluslararası rekabet gücünün sadece ihracat teşvikleri ile artmasının mümkün olmadığı söylenebilir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda Türkiye’deki işletmelerin çoğunda görülen aile sahipliği ve aile kontrolünün uluslararasılaşma ve performans ilişkisi üzerindeki rolü irdelenebilir. Birincil veri kaynakları ile küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmeler ile yapılacak araştırma bulguları da mevcut araştırmanın sonuçlarını genişletebilir.

Modeling the Linkage between Vertical Contracts and Strategic Environmental Policy: Energy Price Marketization Level and Strategic Choice for China

The lower price of energy leads to higher coal consumption in China. The idea of an “environment-for-trade policy” could be used to achieve an international competitive advantage, which, in turn, has important implications. To address the issue, we develop properties to examine the link between the low price of energy and strategic environmental policy in China and investigate the choice of policy instruments in a strategic environmental policy model with vertical contracts. In addition, to contribute to the literature on strategic environmental policy, this paper also develops properties to investigate different choices of instruments for the environmental policy and includes the degree of energy marketization for the wholesale price in the study. To do so, we assume that the wholesale price of the polluting input increases with the market price. By using this assumption, this paper analyzes the effects of two instruments of the environmental policy on social welfare and concludes that there is no reason to expect both downstream and upstream firms to establish a high wholesale price. Due to the low level of marketization, when the government selects an emission tax as the policy instrument, the optimal tax rates should be higher than the marginal damage of emissions. However, the optimal resource tax is uncertain when its effect on environmental damage is taken into account. In other words, the resource tax is ineffective as a policy instrument. Our results can be used to draw some practical policies for countries to use their energy effectively. To promote energy sustainability, governments should liberate resource prices and reform the system to get efficient environmental policies.

Resource sustainability and challenges: Status and competitiveness of international trade in licorice extracts under the Belt and Road Initiative

Licorice extract is widely used in medicine, food, pasture, and cosmetic industries. Its growing demand and limited wild licorice resources will create a huge gap between supply and demand. In the context of Belt and Road Initiative, a new pattern of international trade in licorice extracts has been formed. This paper analyzes the current situation of global trade of licorice extracts, and uses the latest available trade data to analyze the international trade competitiveness of major licorice extracts exporters in three aspects: market share (MS), trade competitiveness (TC), and revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA). It is found that three categories of international competitive advantages can be categorized into three factors, which are the consumer market advantage, processing technology advantage and resource advantage of licorice. In addition, based on the research perspective of China, the current situation of Chinese licorice resources and international trade is analyzed to provide an early warning to prevent the tragedy of decreasing global licorice resources spreading around the world. Meanwhile, it also provides suggestions to ensure the sustainable development of licorice resources. • The status of licorice extracts trade of the Belt and Road Initiative is explored. • The trade competitiveness of the exporters of licorice extracts are analyzed. • The changes and reasons in the trade competitiveness of exporters are analyzed. • Advices for the conservation and sustainability of licorice are provided.

Innovation, trade barriers and exports: evidence from manufacturing firms in ASEAN countries

PurposeThis study aims to integrate both internal and external factors to examine the effect of innovation and perceived trade barriers on firms’ export activity. In particular, the authors expand the scope of innovation into both technological (product and process) and non-technological (marketing and management) innovation. Furthermore, the authors examine the potential joint effect of perceived customs and trade barriers on firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors empirically test the hypotheses by using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey during the most recent year available for each ASEAN country, together with both firm- and country-level controls from various data sources. Specifically, the final sample for analysis includes 3,602 firms from Cambodia (100), Indonesia (1157), Laos (99), Malaysia (445), the Philippines (719), Thailand (572) and Vietnam (510).FindingsFirst, the results show that firm-specific innovation capabilities (including non-technological of managerial innovation) do matter for explaining export propensity. Furthermore, in contexts in which location-bound advantages are prevalent, the effects of innovation may disappear and further deteriorate performance in the post-entry stage. Second, the findings support the notion regarding the prevalence of country- over firm-specific advantages for the international expansion of companies from ASEAN countries. More specifically, this study holds that innovation does not matter for export intensity and that factors related to the location’s institutions appear to be more important.Originality/valueFirst, it acknowledges and examines the effect of not only technological innovation, but also non-technological innovation on export intention. Second, the paper measures the institutional effect at the firm level, rather than as a country-specific factor, to better understand the combined effect of internal and external variables on firms’ export strategy. Furthermore, it performs a cross-country analysis while controlling for other confounding firm and macro factors. Third, the authors test the model on both pre-entry (export propensity) and post-entry (export intensity) stages. Finally, the study responds to calls for research that examines the international competitive advantages of firms from ASEAN countries.

Industrial Symbiosis to Circular Economy: What Does the Literature Reveal for a Successful Complex Industrial Area?

We observe that some industrial areas thrive, whilst others under-perform, and that the competitive potential of an enterprise located within an industrial area is impacted by a range of non-apparent characteristics related to the particular location. A dynamic industrial area is a better place for an industrial enterprise to be located than one that on the face of it seems lack-lustre—the ‘dynamism’ of the industrial area seems not that well understood or described. The goal of the literature review was to determine to what extent researchers have gone beyond the traditional view that industrial symbiosis (IS) is singularly focused on the symbiotic relationships that are responsible for the beneficial outcomes associated with product, by-product, and utility exchanges. We attempted to expose other forms of symbiotic relationships that might also contribute to the improved economic outcomes of companies located within complex industrial areas. Our findings confirm there are additional interacting factors contributing to the relative success (dynamism) of a given complex industrial area. We posit that an industrial area will exhibit varying degrees of success or failure, depending on the extent to which its creators have given thought to how it will operate to contribute to the international competitive advantages of its industrial inhabitants. We identified four contributing factors that contribute to this dynamism, and these align with an emerging four-dimensional framework for IS which the author is describing as the KIC4 dimensions of industrial symbiosis.