International Comparative Advantage Research Articles

Wechselkursänderungen und Außenhandelsstruktur in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland / Exchange Rate Variations and Trade Structure in the Federal Republic of Germany

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet eine empirische Untersuchung der Wirkungen von Wechselkursänderungen auf die Außenhandelsstruktur der BRD in der Zeit von 1982 bis 1991. Die ausgewählten Ergebnisse sind folgende: 1) Mit den aggregierten Gesamtdaten der Makroebene konnten keine Wirkungen von Wechselkursänderungen auf die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ermittelt werden. 2) Verwendet man jedoch disaggregierte Daten, wird ersichtlich, daß Wechselkursänderungen verschiedene Gütergruppen unterschiedlich beeinflussen. 3) Die Verbrauchsgüter waren abhängiger von Wechselkursänderungen als die anderen Gütergruppen. 4) Die meisten Investitionsgüter gehören zu den Gütern, deren internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit nicht von Wechselkursänderungen beeinflußt wurde. 5) Eine Wechselkursänderung schlägt je nach Gütergruppen unterschiedlich auf die Preise durch. Damit kann sie den internationalen komparativen Vorteil verändern.

Food Security in Asia

Rapid economic and agricultural sector growth have enhanced greatly food security in Asia during the past three decades. Most studies suggest this positive trend will continue into the next century. This paper reviews past trends and future prospects in access and availability of food in Asia at the national level. The paper concludes that the positive overall trend in increased food security relies on the capacity of Asian economies to address several key policy issues, including sustained economic growth, population pressure, structural changes in domestic economies, shifts in international comparative advantage, technological changes, developments in the domestic and international food markets, and environmental sustainability. The paper identifies cost‐effective ways to increase food security in light of these issues and suggests that Asia’s food security can be maintained only if international and domestic policies, institutional frameworks, and public expenditure patterns are conducive to cost–effective and sustainable agriculture development.

Nesting the Sino-Russian Border and the Tumen Project in the Asia-Pacific: Heilongjiang’s Regional Relations

Abstract: Scholars studying China’s relations with Asia-Pacific regimes, Northeast Asian regimes, and the Sino-Russian border have treated each regime as independent and separate from the others—as parallel institutions with incompatible rules and norms. This article argues that China’s capacity to create parallel institutions is limited by the norms of the regional and subregional regimes that make up the East Asian international system and transnational linkages developed at the local level. An evolving Chinese definition of national interests in regional cooperation is the result of international learning, involving processes of bargaining domestically and internationally. The Sino-Russian border regime and the Northeast Asian regime forming around the Tumen River project are shaped by domestic center-local bargaining and differences. Heilongjiang Province has sought to be the center of China’s participation in regional economic cooperation in competition with and Jilin provinces, redefining China’s international comparative advantage, changing the nature of Chinese participation in the Tumen project, and provoking a local Russian backlash in the Russian Far East.

International trade and the U.S. wage structure

Politicians are concerned about the effects of increased foreign trade on U.S. workers. Data from 1978 to 1987 are used to appraise the impact of foreign trade on U.S. manufacturing wages. The results indicate that wages are positively associated with a sector’s level of international comparative advantage. However, this follows from other characteristics aside from the net trade balance. These characteristics may include rent sharing or international technological convergence. Imports and exports also influence wages, where this impact varies with the industry’s unionization. Regardless, the results suggest that greater trade is not a major cause of the decline in U.S. real wages.

Industrial Restructuring and Microeconomic Adjustment in Poland: A Cross-Sectoral Approach

This paper analyzes the impact of the Polish stabilization program on the behavior of state-owned firms by summarizing and evaluating three case studies. The authors outline a framework to analyze whether firms have adjusted differently according to differences in their market power, financial status, or exposure to trade and international comparative advantage. They find no evidence for differences in adjustment from any source; in all three industries adjustment has been relatively modest and the governance of firms has hardly changed at all.

Enterprise adjustment in transition economies: Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland

This paper analyzes the impact of the Polish stabilization program on the behavior of state-owned firms by summarizing and evaluating three case studies. The authors outline a framework to analyze whether firms have adjusted differently according to differences in their market power, financial status, or exposure to trade and international comparative advantage. They find no evidence for differences in adjustment from any source; in all three industries adjustment has been relatively modest and the governance of firms has hardly changed at all.

Restructuration industrielle et ajustement microéconomique en Pologne. Une approche intersectorielle

Industrial restructuring and microeconomics adjustment in Poland. A cross sectoral approach. The paper analyses the impact of the Polish stabilisation programme on the behaviour of state owned firms by summarising and evaluating three case studies of firms. The authors outline a framework to analyse whether firms have adjusted differently according to differences in their market power, financial status, exposure to trade and international comparative advantage. They find no evidence for differences in adjustment from any source ; in all three industries, adjustment has been relatively modest and the governance of firms has hardly changed at all.

The international petrochemical industry: evolution and location

Part 1 Life cycle perspectives on the petrochemical industry: innovation, industries and economic growth life cycles and location the petrochemical industry the structure of the book. Part 2 Technology and economics of the petrochemical industry: defining the industry technical basis commercial structure. Part 3 Technical and commercial origins: invention, innovation and initial location organic chemistry in Germany before 1914 the development of synthetic materials from coal to oil. Part 4 World War II and the establishment of the petrochemical industry: petrochemicals and the US war economy war and the balance of power in the international chemical industry petrochemicals and post-war reconstruction in western Europe. Part 5 Technology, markets and growth 1950-1973: the nature and sources of growth the diffusion of technology the proliferation of producers market size and industry development patterns of growth in Western Europe. Part 6 Agglomeration in the petrochemical industry: economies of scale raw materials, economies of scale and location economies of scale, co-products and agglomeration economies of scale and pipelines. Part 7 Government policies and internationalization: North-South technology transfer in petrochemicals petrochemicals and national economic development strategies foreign direct investment and import substitution public sector investment and import substitution patterns of development. Part 8 Oil politics, energy policies and location: determining raw material costs raw materials and the economics of ethylene production resource-based petrochemical development US energy policy and international comparative advantage Canada - the politics of intra-national comparative advantage. Part 9 Corporate strategies and internationlization: industry evolution, corporate strategies and international location serving foreign markets government policies and foreign direct investment markets and international location strategies raw materials and location strategies. Part 10 Restructuring in the petrochemical industry: restructuring, life cycles and location origins of the restructuring crisis criteria for closure obstacles to restructuring approaches to restructuring conseuqences of restructuring. Part 11 Petrochemicals, regions and publics policy: petrochemicals as a propulsive industry sectoral growth and regional growth petrochemicals and growth centres restructuring and regional development. Part 12 Geographical perspectives on the evolution of an industry.

The Effects of Domestic Environmental Policies on Patterns of World Trade: An Empirical Test

In theory, environmental control costs encourage reduced specialization in the production of polluting outputs in countries with stringent environmental regulations. The premise that trade suffers from the imposition of environmental policy has a strong element of a priori plausibility but, surprisingly, has little empirical support. This chapter considers the results of the less rigorous location of industry studies by providing an empirical test of the hypothesis that stringent environmental policy has caused trade patterns to deviate in commodities produced by the world's 'dirty' industries. The location-of-industry studies have explored the related ideas that stringent pollution control measures push industries out of the US, and that less-developed countries compete to attract multinational industries by minimizing their own environmental policies. The effect of domestic environmental policy on trade may be getting lost in the 'noise'. If environmental policies reduce countries' international comparative advantage in the most pollution-intensive commodities, then the sign on the environmental endowment coefficient should be negative and significant.

Review: Those Inner Cities: Reconciling the Social and Economic Aims of Urban Policy, Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment and International Comparative Advantage, Migration and Residential Mobility in the United States, International Handbook of Pollution Control, the Geography of the World Economy, Urban Decline, Shipping Policies for an Open World Economy, from Many Strands: Ethnic

Review: Those Inner Cities: Reconciling the Social and Economic Aims of Urban Policy, Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment and International Comparative Advantage, Migration and Residential Mobility in the United States, International Handbook of Pollution Control, the Geography of the World Economy, Urban Decline, Shipping Policies for an Open World Economy, from Many Strands: Ethnic

FACTOR ABUNDANCE IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH LEONTIEF'S AND LEAMER'S FORMULAS

The Developing EconomiesVolume 27, Issue 4 p. 389-406 Free Access FACTOR ABUNDANCE IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH LEONTIEF'S AND LEAMER'S FORMULAS Hisashi YOKOYAMA, Hisashi YOKOYAMASearch for more papers by this authorKoichi OHNO, Koichi OHNOSearch for more papers by this authorShigeru ITOGA, Shigeru ITOGASearch for more papers by this authorHideki IMAOKA, Hideki IMAOKASearch for more papers by this author Hisashi YOKOYAMA, Hisashi YOKOYAMASearch for more papers by this authorKoichi OHNO, Koichi OHNOSearch for more papers by this authorShigeru ITOGA, Shigeru ITOGASearch for more papers by this authorHideki IMAOKA, Hideki IMAOKASearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1989.tb00169.xCitations: 2 The original Japanese version of this paper was published in Ajia keizai, October 1987. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES 1 Brecher, R. A., and Choudhri, E. U. The Leontief Paradox, Continued,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 90, No. 4(August 1982). 2 Hwang Nam Il. Kankoku no yōso fuzon to bōeki kōzō no henka” [ Factor endowment in Korea and the changes in trade structure], mimeographed ( Tokyo : Institute of Developing Economies, 1986). 3 Leamer, E. E. The Leontief Paradox, Reconsidered,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 88, No. 3(June 1980). 4 Leamer, E. E. Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence ( Cambridge , Mass. : MIT Press, 1984). 5 Ohno, K. Changes in Trade Structure and Factor Intensity: A Case Study of the Republic of Korea,” Developing Economies, Vol. 26, No. 4(December 1988). 6 Roskamp, K. Factor Proportions and Foreign Trade: The Case of West Germany,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 91, No. 2(1963). 7 Tatemoto, M.; Kawanabe, N.; and Horie, T. Nihon bōeki no shigen kōzō” [Resource structure of Japanese foreign trade], in Nihon keizai no keiryō bunseki [Econometric analysis of the Japanese economy], ed. H. Ueno and Y. Murakami ( Tokyo : Iwanamishoten, 1975). 8 Yokoyama, H., and Itoga, S. Firipin Tai no kōgyō hatten” [Industrial development in the Philippines and Thailand], in Chūshinkoku no kōgyō hatten [Industrial development in middle-income countries], ed. H. Imaoka, K. Ohno, and H. Yokoyama, Kenkyū sōsho No. 337 ( Tokyo : Institute of Developing Economies, 1985). Citing Literature Volume27, Issue4December 1989Pages 389-406 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment, and International Comparative Advantage. By H. Jeffrey Leonard. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 254p. $39.50.

Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment, and International Comparative Advantage. By H. Jeffrey Leonard. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 254p. $39.50.

Pollution and the struggle for the world product: multinational corporations, environment, and international comparative advantage

List of tables Preface Introduction 1. The dynamics of international trade and industrial location 2. Industrial-development strategy and the role of multinational corporations 3. Pollution and comparative advantage in industrial production 4. Environmental regulations and the industrial-flight hypothesis 5. Pollution and industrial strategy in four rapidly industrializing countries 6. Bargaining for the right to pollute 7. The politics of pollution and multinational corporations in rapidly industrializing countries 8. Theoretical implications and policy recommendations Index.

Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment, and International Comparative Advantage

Pollution and the Struggle for the World Product: Multinational Corporations, Environment, and International Comparative Advantage

Sources of international comparative advantage: Theory and evidence. By E. E. Leamer. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1984. Pp. xxi + 353. $60.75 cloth; $16.95 paper.)

Journal of Applied EconometricsVolume 3, Issue 1 p. 83-85 Book Review Sources of international comparative advantage: Theory and evidence. By E. E. Leamer. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1984. Pp. xxi + 353. $60.75 cloth; $16.95 paper.) Giancarlo Gandolfo, Giancarlo Gandolfo University of RomeSearch for more papers by this author Giancarlo Gandolfo, Giancarlo Gandolfo University of RomeSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3950030107AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume3, Issue1January 1988Pages 83-85 RelatedInformation

Sources of International Comparative Advantage, Theory and Evidence.

Sources of International Comparative Advantage, Theory and Evidence.

Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence.

This is the first book to present a clear empirical picture of the international exchange of goods and of the resources that account for the exchanges that occur. It fully articulates the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international comparative advantage, in which a country's factor endowments (land, labor, capital) play a crucial role in determining trade patterns. The theory is carefully link to the book's analysis. Using tables, graphs, and econometric data summaries, Learner describes the patterns of trade and the patterns of resource supplies of fifty-nine countries and explains these trade patterns in terms of the abundance of eleven resources. His study should create a standard by which other data analyses will be judged in the future.Edward E. Learner is Professor of Economics at the University of California at Los Angeles.

Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence. Edward E. Leamer

<i>Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence</i>. Edward E. Leamer

Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence.

Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence.

Effects of Inflation on the Pattern of International Trade

This paper examines the relationship between inflation, exchange rates, and the pattern of international trade and payments in a small economy with utility-maximizing agents and a transactions demand for money. Fully anticipated inflation has real effects in the model through its role as a tax on money and thereby on monetary transactions. An increase in the rate of monetary expansion generally reduces the value of domestic output and alters the composition of domestic production. The result is a change in the pattern of international comparative advantage and trade flows. The initial depreciation of the exchange rate following an increase in the rate of monetary expansion is accompanied by a trade surplus and capital outflow, while the subsequent depreciation is accompanied by a trade deficit.