International Classification Of Impairments Research Articles

Assessment tools of disability status after stroke

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The global incidence of stroke has increased in recent years, although low and middle-income countries have been heavily affected. Because of the complicated and diversified physical and emotional disruption, stroke survivors are likely to face a variety of difficulties in daily life activities. Because of the wide impact of a stroke on all body structures and functions, there is no gold standard instrument to evaluate impairment and all elements of recovery after a stroke, and there is no single scale that can capture all the effects of a stroke. The International Classification of Impairments, Disability, and Handicaps (ICIDH) categorized the consequences of the diseases into three categories: impairment, disability, and handicap. Using the biopsychosocial model in 2001 WHO defines and classifies disability by using International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF divides the impairment into three categories: body function and structure, activity, and participation. This article aims to review the most important tools that are reliable and valid in assessing the disability left after a stroke: The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel index (BI), The modified Rankin scale (mRS), Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). The WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire is validated in several countries and it would be useful to be validated, also, in our country.

Providing Functional Communication Test for Persian Patients and Determining Its Validity and Reliability.

The International Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Health by the World Health Organization had a profound influence on assessing and treating people with acquired brain injuries (ABI), which cause a movement from using impairment-based intervention to use therapies that focused on improving the participation and function of the individual's daily life. Although the first step of any therapy plan is to measure the damaged function of the related dimension, no available functional communication test for Persian-speaking people with ABI is available. Our purpose of this study was to provide a Functional Communication Test for Persian-speaking patients to measure the strengths and weakness of communication in dementia-free patients with ABI. In this cross-sectional study, the first version of the Persian Functional Communication Test (P-FUCT) was designed based on the structure of the most common functional communication tests such as ASHA-FACS and CADL. The content validity ratio (CVR) were determined. The final version of P-FUCT was administered on 30 dementia-free patients with ABI completed once by a clinician and once by the caregivers and the correlation between the scores was obtained. Concurrently, the P-WAB-1 was administered to assess the concurrent validity of the P-FUCT. The results indicated that P-FUCT has an acceptable level of internal consistency (alpha = 0.96), inter-rater 0.91 and intra-rater measurements 0.95 p < 0.05 with an adequate CVR of 0.71. The correlation between P-WAB-1 and P-FUCT scores completed by clinicians and the caregivers was r = 0/79 and r = 0/80. The P-FUCT is a valid and reliable assessment tool can be use for measuring the function communication ability of dementia-free patients with ABI.

The use of functionality scales in patients with Post-Polio Syndrome

Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological disease, resulting in the decrease of the neuromuscular functions being characterized by a set of clinical manifestations that occur in individuals who had acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The patients with PPS begin to present new limitations on the performance of their ADLs and, at the same time, tend to ignore them, continuing their daily work with greater physical effort. The need for a functional evaluation is therefore necessary to find out where the commitments are in the ADLs and to help them without aggravating the degenerative PPS. To identify the main functional assessment scales used in individuals with PPS. A study review of the literature was performed on the functional scales used in patients with PPS described in the articles in the database. We found 12 functional scales in activities of daily living, as follows: Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Sunnas ADL Index, Katz Index, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), ADLs-Staircase, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), and Self-Reporter ADL. None of the 12 scales mentioned in our study is validated for the use in patients with PPS, the most scales found in the literatures reviewed in this research were NHP and ICIDH. Therefore, we found 9 scales validated in Brazil, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), Katz Index and Self-Reporter ADL.

Moving Away from the “Medical Model”: The Development and Revision of the World Health Organization’s Classification of Disability

Recently, there has been a prominent call in the history of medicine for greater engagement with disability perspectives. In this article, I suggest that critiques of the so-called medical model have been an important vehicle by which alternative narratives of disability entered the clinical arena. Historians of medicine have rarely engaged with the medical model beyond descriptive accounts of it. I argue that to more adequately address disability perspectives, historians of medicine must better historicize the medical model concept and critique, which has been drawn upon by physicians, activists, and others to advance particular perspectives on disability. My present contribution describes two distinct formulations of critique that originated in differing interest groups and characterized the medical model alternatively as insufficient and oppressive. I examine the World Health Organization's efforts to incorporate these distinctive medical model critiques during the development and revision of its International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps.

A Review of Conceptual Models for Rehabilitation Research and Practice

Background: Since rehabilitation practice focuses on working in multidisciplinary teams to optimize the physical, psychological, and social outcomes of the patient, conceptual models are extremely important in providing a theoretical basis for advancing scientific knowledge and improving professional practice. Aim: Although rehabilitation-related conceptual models have appeared in the literature more than fifty years ago or so, there has been no systematic efforts to review them. The purpose of this paper is to explore the existing rehabilitation models and to link these models to the ICF model of the World Health Organization. Methods: A structured literature search was performed in different databases including Medline and PubMed using terms such as: “rehabilitation” AND “Model” OR “Framework” OR “conceptualization”. 43 citations were identified and further evaluated by two judges according to pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Six conceptual rehabilitation models were identified in the literature: the Biomedical Model, the Social Model, the Bio-Psycho-Social Model (BPS), the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps Model (ICIDH), the Community Based Rehabilitation Model (CBR), and the Health-Related Quality of Life Model (HRQoL). The concepts on which the models are built were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains. The strengths and limitations of each model are discussed. The majority of the concepts from the six models could be linked to the ICF model. Conclusion: By applying the conceptual models, an additional perspective can be added by rehabilitation therapists to multidisciplinary teams that use the ICF model. When relationships are highly complex, as they are in rehabilitation processes, it is challenging to develop models that are applied in different contexts. However, it is possible to establish relationships between different variables that are observable.

CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS OF THE MEANING OF THE TERM “DISABILITY” – IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF)

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the contemporary contexts of the meaning of the term “disability.” Starting with the original medical model, through the social and biopsychosocial model, it shows the concept development process. Reference is made to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps and its modified version - the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The article explains the concept of disability included in ICF and focuses mainly on the various contexts of its meaning. The analysis presented in the paper shows the complexity of the phenomenon of disability itself, different dimensions of disability experience, the role of personal and contextual factors, as well as the complex nature of relationships between the individual components of ICF: functioning, disability and health.

Historical and Conceptual Developments of Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Beyond Illness and Disability in a Humanistic Framework

:Psychosocial rehabilitation is now coming of age and can no longer be considered as a subspecialty of psychiatry. It is therefore time to review its original foundations, past development, current status and future prospects. This paper outlines the history of psychosocial rehabilitation and its milestones: its first presentation in a textbook of psychiatry fifty years ago, the links with community care in early seventies, the conceptual framework provided by the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps in early eighties, the new challenges arising from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health at the beginning of this century, the growth of the consumers movement and the breakthrough provided by the concepts of recovery and empowerment. The shift from a humanitarian to a humanistic standpoint can provide the foundation for an updated definition of psychosocial rehabilitation that considers social inclusion as its ultimate goal.

Parents’ journey into the world of autism

Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that results in an impairment in an individual’s social interaction and communication, as well as restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour. Children with ASD display difficulties in the areas of social as well as communicative behaviour. Parents, caregivers and family members are the main communication partners of children with ASD. Living with a child with ASD can result in changes within a family system. Objective. To describe the challenges and experiences faced by families in their interaction with their child with ASD, caregiver coping strategies and the success of these strategies, and the generalisation and carryover of therapeutic strategies provided by a speech language pathologist (SLP). Methods. A qualitative descriptive research design was selected to explore the objectives of the study. Ten participants were recruited; all participants were parents of a child with ASD attending Learners with Special Educational Needs School in Gauteng, South Africa. Data were collected through a semistructured face-to-face interview survey comprising open- and closed-ended questions, and were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results. The results revealed five main themes, namely communicative challenges, family experiences, communicative coping strategies, speech and language therapy services and strategies provided by the SLPs. Communicative challenges were experienced by parents of one child with ASD. The communication and behaviour of children with ASD were found to affect the daily functioning of the family. The majority of parents reported not learning a new mode of communication, but rather adapting and adjusting to the communication of their child. Communicative coping strategies were required for novel social settings. There were mixed responses with respect to parent’s abilities to access and learn new communicative coping strategies. Speech and language therapy assisted in improving the child’s communication skills, while strategies provided by SLPs were explained to be effective even though generalisation of strategies was limited. Conclusion. This study concluded that parents and children with ASD experience challenges in communication and interaction. The family systems approach as well as the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps are two functional frameworks that can assist SLPs to provide intervention to children with ASD.

Мedical rehabilitation of children reconvalescent from infectious diseases according to the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps

Infectious diseases are referred to as the most frequent and common diseases in our population, in children as well. Infectious pathology is often followed by the disorders in the organism structure and functions that requires medical rehabilitation measures. The purpose of this work is to prove the necessity of rehabilitation measures of certain level and form for those children who had different infectious diseases. The main research aim is to determine the organism disorders in its structure and functions in those children who recovered from infectious diseases according to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). Materials and methods: there was performed the health assessment of 103 children who had been discharged from the infectious departments of Scientific Research Institute of Children’s Infections (Departments of Respiratory Infections, Intestinal Infections, Neuroinfections, and Hepatitis) according to the health domains of ICIDH. Results: according to the stage of the organism disorders by ICIDH there were determined five groups. More than 36 % of children from the groups 3, 4, and 5 required the second stage of rehabilitation measures at the polyclinic and rehabilitation departments of Scientific Research Institute of Children’s Infections. Conclusion: International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) can be used to develop the reasoning of level and form of rehabilitation measures in every child who had an infectious pathology.

Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century: A History by George Weisz (review)

Reviewed by: Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century: A History by George Weisz Daniel M. Fox George Weisz. Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century: A History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. xvi + 307 pp. $29.95 (978-1-4214-1303-7). Weisz’s latest book has strengths and flaws as a result of his having read widely but selectively in pertinent primary and secondary sources. His overarching thesis is that recognition of the increasing problem of chronic disease and the formulation of policy to address it occurred sooner and more thoroughly in the United States than in either France or the United Kingdom. Weisz presents his evidence and argues his thesis in an introduction, ten chapters, and an epilogue. His most original contributions are descriptions, grounded in archival and published primary sources, of policy in the 1920s and 1930s for chronic disease in Massachusetts (pp. 47–54) and New York City (pp. 69–75) and a history of the National Health Survey conducted in 1935–36 and its influence on policy (pp. 77–110). Weisz’s repeated assertions that policy and clinical practice for responding to chronic disease have long been more effective in the United States than in France or the United Kingdom are not persuasive. With a few exceptions late in the book (notably p. 231), he fails to grasp the significant relationship between the politics of achieving and implementing universal coverage and the organization and financing of services for persons with chronic disease. Because the United States has moved more slowly and incrementally toward universal coverage than other industrial countries, American policy for reimbursing physicians and hospitals has, until quite recently, incentivized physicians and hospitals to prioritize intervening in acute manifestations of chronic disease over managing the consequences of these diseases for patients’ health and functional status. Weisz also claims that older Americans have had, for decades, better access to home- and community-based long-term care services than their counterparts in France and the United Kingdom (and perhaps also in Canada, where he lives, but which he mentions only briefly). Many persons who make and study health policy have, however, demonstrated that the United States, unlike the United Kingdom and numerous other countries, has only recently begun to address comprehensively the progressive but intermittent frailty of seniors, especially those who suffer from multiple chronic diseases. Weisz’s claim (p. 172) that the absence of universal [End Page 357] coverage made it easier for leaders in the health sector in the United States to prioritize chronic disease is likely to astonish many knowledgeable readers. Moreover, Weisz repeatedly criticizes this reviewer for overemphasizing the failures of American policy to address chronic disease (pp. 8, 129, 132, 166). I am grateful to him for recognizing that I have written about how and why policy for chronic disease in the United States has failed to maximize patients’ access to care that could maintain and improve the quality of their lives. But he neither identifies nor evaluates the causes to which I attribute this failure: (1) the comparatively slow achievement of universal coverage in this country; (2) the relative absence until recently (compared to numerous other countries) of strong financial incentives to providers of health services to integrate the types and levels of care; and (3) public and private sector financing policy that has incentivized the commercialization of health care since the late nineteenth century. The book also has omissions and misstatements that may, in part, result from inadequate prepublication peer review. An important omission is the contribution of both research and clinical policy in the United Kingdom to influential guidance for policy published initially by the World Health Organization in 1976 as The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. (Weisz recognizes but does not name this publication on page 202 and cites a significant article by its principal author, Philip Woods, on page 286.) Errors include confusing the authority of decision makers and staff of the committee appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to write the Social Security Act (p. 82); misstating the history of the U.S. National Science Foundation (p. 151); misunderstanding the history and scope of clinical epidemiology (p. 153); oversimplifying by omission the history...

Acute Rehabilitation Is Effective in Patents with Left Ventricular Assist Device

Acute Rehabilitation Is Effective in Patents with Left Ventricular Assist Device

Does different wording of a global oral health question provide different results?

Objective. Focusing on 70-year-old adults in Sweden and guided by the conceptual framework of International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH), the purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported oral disease and social/psychological/physical oral health outcome variables are associated with two global measures of self-assessed satisfaction with oral health in Swedish 70-year-olds and if there is a degree of discordance between these global questions. Background. It has become an important task to create a simple way to measure self-perceived oral health. In these attempts to find practical ways to measure health, the ‘global oral health question' is a possible tool to measure self-rated oral health, but there is limited knowledge about how important the wording of this question is. Materials and methods. In 2012, a questionnaire was mailed to all persons born in 1942 in two Swedish counties, Örebro (T) and Östergötland (E). The total population of 70-year-olds amounted to 7889. Bivariate analyses were conducted by cross-tabulation and Chi-square statistics. Multivariate analyses were conducted using binary multiple logistic regression. Results. The two global oral health question of 70-year-olds in Sweden was mainly explained by the number of teeth (OR = 5.6 and 5.2), chewing capacity (OR = 6.9 and 4.2), satisfaction with dental appearance (OR = 19.8 and 17.3) and Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) (OR = 3.5 and 3.9). Conclusion. Regardless of the wording, it seems that the concept of a global oral health question has the same main determinants.

From codes to language: is the ICF a classification system or a dictionary?

Monitoring disability across the world: is the ICFthe answer?In a recent international seminar held in Rome [1], anexperts’ meeting explored the suitability of the Interna-tional Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health(ICF, [2]) as a tool to implement the Convention on theRights of Persons with Disabilities [3] passed by the UnitedNations General Assembly in 2005, and now being aninstrument of international law valid in many States acrossthe world. The reader of this issue of BMC Public Healthhas the unique opportunity to get an overview of success-ful applications of ICF, but also of emerging concerns anddifficulties. The ICF was introduced in 2001. Its historydates back to its progenitor, the International Classifica-tion of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, pub-lished in 1980 [4]. The ICDH conceptual framework wasquite revolutionary: the “consequences of the disease” atorgan, person, and person-community levels were givenan official conceptualization (impairments, disabilities, andhandicaps, respectively), and were coded according to ataxonomy independent of the old established taxonomy ofdiseases issued by the World Health Organization (Inter-national Classification of Diseases, ICD). “Symptoms” like“difficulty walking” became a condition worth coding (andthus, studying and treating)“per se”. “Phenomena” wereupgraded to “reality” rather than being underestimated as“appearance” [5]. Rehabilitation became an autonomousform of medical care at any stage of the disease or the dis-ablement process, and thus a respected Specialty: it wasno more bound to a palliation coming after“true” carebecame ineffective. The new ICF model emphasizedthe value of the individual from a societal perspective:“disability” was up-coded (actually, sidelined) to a generic“umbrella term”, under which a positive gradient towards“enablement” was placed. Activity replaced disability, andparticipation replaced handicap. Whatever a disabled per-son can achieve “in the context of health experience” isnow better than nothing, rather than being less than anideal standard. The bidirectional flow from organ impair-ment to person’s performance, to his/her social participa-tion actually became a 3D space expanding along twomore axes, through the interactions with individualdiseases and individual living environments, respectively(see ref. [6], Fig.1). “Limitations” and “restrictions” wereseveredfromthe“intrinsic” person’s status and wereascribed to the community context. Personal bad luck wasobscured, and responsibilities of policy makers werespotlighted.Yet, something went wrong with this otherwise suc-cessful project: the philosophic and ethical constructgained an enthusiastic consensus, while the codingstructure of the model is still awaiting for wide accep-tance and routine application across the health careworld [7].Specialists in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation(I am one of them) might be considered biased towardsa medically oriented view of disability. On the otherhand, bio-medicine considers us, the physiatrists, toomuch biased towards a social view of diseases [8,9]. Thisentitles me to express some opinions and commentswhile claiming for a decent neutrality.International experiences: successes and concernsThe successes emerging from the set of articles are wellrepresented by the paper by Kostanjsek, a WHO officer[6]. There have been plenty of applications of the ICFmodel and coding system in fields like legislation, healthcare planning, disability surveys and policy monitoring.

Paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke: functional outcome and risk factors

To study functional outcome in children aged 1 month to 18 years after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) and to identify risk factors influencing their quality of life. In a consecutive series of 76 children (35 males 41 females, median age at diagnosis 2y 6mo, range 1mo-17y 2mo; median length of follow-up 2y 4mo, range [7mo-10y 6mo]) with PAIS diagnosed at the Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital between 1997 and 2006, we collected clinical, biochemical, and radiological data prospectively. In 66 children surviving at least 1 year after PAIS, functional outcome could be evaluated with the World Health Organization's International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. Significant risk factors at presentation for a poor neurological outcome were young age, infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory, and fever at presentation. Fifty-four % of children had severe neurological impairments at 12 months after PAIS, and at last follow-up more than half needed remedial teaching, special education, or institutionalization. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires showed a significantly lower HRQOL in all age groups. Children with a longer follow-up had a lower HRQOL in the cognitive functioning domain. Our study shows significant morbidity and mortality and a reduced HRQOL after PAIS depending on age, fever at presentation, and infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory.

A Selective Critical but Constructive Desktop Appraisal of theAmerican Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA 6)

AbstractThis desktop review has been conducted, from the reviewers' perspective, to evaluate the merits, advantages and disadvantages of adopting the 6th edition of theAmerican Medical Association (AMA6) Guides for the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.The reviewers do not make any recommendation as to whetherAMA6should or should not be adopted by any particular jurisdiction, but rather provide comment from the perspective of a critical but constructive appraisal of published material. The observations reported represent the opinions of the reviewers, based on their appraisal of selected sections ofAMA4,AMA5andAMA6and the associated literature.AMA6has become surrounded by considerable controversy. At the time of review, at least two jurisdictions in the United States have voted against adoption ofAMA6. While the paradigm shift away from the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) framework to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has attempted to ‘move with the times’, andAMA6has attempted to reach higher levels of internal consistency and interrater and intrarater reliability, the methods used to achieve a radical change in theGuideshas come under criticism. It is quite difficult to distinguish between speculative and substantive criticism, because of paucity or obscurity in both source documents and subsequent commentary. A range of concerns have been identified.

Beyond Dueling Models: Commentary Responding to: Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. The Challenge of Understanding the Disablement Process in Older Persons and Freedman V. Adopting the ICF Language for Studying Late-life Disability: A Field of Dreams?

Beyond Dueling Models: Commentary Responding to: Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. The Challenge of Understanding the Disablement Process in Older Persons and Freedman V. Adopting the ICF Language for Studying Late-life Disability: A Field of Dreams?

Pronóstico de las secuelas tras la lesión cerebral

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major public health problem due to its high incidence and prevalence, long-term effects on patients and their families and enormous socioeconomical costs. In our country, this is treated unequally by the different institutions and specialties. Its etiology, by order of incidence, is due to stroke, traumatic brain injury and anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and then, at a great distance, a miscellaneous group in which hypoxic encephalopathy stands out. ABI has two extreme poles: deep coma and full reintegration into the community with a similar level as prior to the lesion. Between these poles are the vegetative states, minimally conscious states and, when there is minimal cognitive recovery, a varying range of difficult-to classify impairments, disabilities and handicaps, due to their extreme heterogeneity. The long-term outcome is assessed by descriptive and functional scales, which usually have important feasibility and validity problems. Some scales (GOS, GOSE) classify functional deterioration during the acute and subacute lesional phase. Others analyze neurorehabilitation planning and monitoring (ERLA, Barthel Index). The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH-2) describes disabilities and impairments. The efficacy of rehabilitation treatment depends on the how early they are done, their adaptation to each patient's needs, intensity and performance by qualified rehabilitation centers. It is difficult to quantify their results in order to compare them because of the serious methodological difficulties.

Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF): processo de elaboração e debate sobre a questão da incapacidade

The problem of disability has social and economic relevance to the most countries and dramatic proportions whether considering the appreciation of the existence of 600 millions of disabled people in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has systematically alerted the countries about the insufficiency of promoting programs of disabled people and underlies the necessity in comprehend this problem as a social responsibility question, especially concerning the guarantee of rights of people with disabilities. In this context, this paper intend to present the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - ICF - and some related discussions, as: the social construction of disability; the transition process between the ICIDH - International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handcaps - and ICF; its conceptual basis and some theoretical considerations about the instrument. To achieve this, the paper explore especially three articles, whose reading we recommend: "La seconda classificazione internazionale di defcit, disabilitá e handicap dell'pms: confronto e integrazione di modelli di disabilitá", organized by Barbara D'Avanzo (2000), "Models of disablement, universalism and international classification of impairments, disabilities and handcaps", of Bickenbach and others (1999) and "Desmystifying disability: a review of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health", by Rob Imrie.

Patient-reported outcomes in stuttering treatment: conceptual framework

Evaluation of: Yaruss JS, Quesal RW. Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering (OASES): documenting multiple outcomes in stuttering treatment. J. Fluency Disord. 31(2), 90–115 (2006). These authors presented the first complete instrument intended to measure the impact of stuttering in adults who stutter (Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering; [OASES]). OASES is a 100-item self-report metric with four sections: general information, reactions to stuttering, communication in daily situations and quality of life. Its conceptual framework includes historic views of the influence of emotional and cognitive variables on stuttering; the WHO’s International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH); and the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). However, both this conceptual framework and the psychometric data presented to support the OASES are problematic in ways that clinicians and researchers in areas well-beyond stuttering may find informative as they consider their own applications.

Concurrent Free Paper Sessions 1

Concurrent Free Paper Sessions 1