Field Of International Business Research Articles

Analytical study on Foreign Direct Investment Divestment Inflows and Outflows in Developing Economies: Evidence of China

Multilateral organizations are taking attention toward foreign divestment; they are in practice to shift toward a large number of host countries from their home countries. In this paper, the significant role of FDI divestment in the development of the economy has been discussed. The role and contribution of FDI divestment in emerging economies have been discussed. The study employs qualitative descriptive analysis to address the determinants of FDI divestment operated by the emerging economies specifically in China. The study is based on economic reports, official documents, and data directly related to the subject of the study. The role and contribution of FDI divestment to develop a strong corporate sector are elaborated in this paper. Furthermore, the role of FDI divestment in reforming organizations and their sustainable growth with the support of evidence has been discussed. Issues regarding FDI divestment faced by different stakeholders have been explained in this research. Inflows and outflows of FDI divestment with cause and effect have been discussed in this paper. Additionally, this study examined the role of multilateral organizations to convince emerging economies by improving their divestment approach. In global strategy formulation FDI divestment consider as a significant aspect. It is observed, that this aspect of the strategy is still untouched in the field of international business and business academies. This study is specifically in the context of China with under consideration of other developed economies. This study investigates the encouraging factors for growing economies to formulate their divestment policies.

Mature MNE Subsidiaries in Emerging Markets: An Old Phenomenon with a New Research Agenda

Subsidiaries that were established in emerging markets many decades ago require different management practices than new market entrants and indigenous firms. The international business (IB) literature lacks both theories that predict the behaviors of mature subsidiaries in host countries as well as a solid empirical base to sufficiently comprehend this distinct category of firms. We explain the phenomenon, its distinct character, and underscore missed opportunities for research on mature subsidiaries in the IB field, with the ultimate goal of promoting research that can better advise managers of these multinational enterprises (MNEs).

Migrant networks, international experience, and OFDI by EMNEs: Evidence from China

AbstractThe impact of international migrant networks on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is an emerging research topic in the field of international business. Based on the data of A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 in China, this study analyzes the impact of international migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs and further examines the moderating effect of firms' international experience. Our findings suggest that migrant networks have a facilitating effect on OFDI by MNEs, and firms' international experience plays a positive moderating role in the above relationship. We also find that the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more obvious in the context of greater geographical and cultural distance, indicating the positive effect of migrant networks in reducing information asymmetry and transaction costs. In addition, the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more significant in the subsample of the service industry. Our study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the relationship between migrant networks and international expansion behavior.

Journal of International Management: A 25-year review using bibliometric analysis

The Journal of International Management (JIM) is a leading international academic journal in the field of international business. This study presents a retrospect of the publications in JIM for the last 25 years (as JIM was founded in 1995) through a bibliometric methodology using the Scopus database and Web of Science. The study graphically maps the bibliographic material using VOS viewer software and applies co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence of author keywords. We identify that the journal has expanded consistently and steadily in terms of both number of publications and citations. The collaboration network has expanded over the years, and the geographical focus is more global, encompassing Asia and Oceania. Bibliographic coupling of JIM publications reveals several distinct, major themes in the international management/business domain. Conventional international management themes that have emerged include market entry modes, globalization, international human resource management, cross-cultural management/leadership, and expatriate management. New emerging themes include emerging markets, global sourcing, innovation performance, digital firms, diversity of global teams, internationalization in uncertain environments, and virtual teams. A summary of the shifting research trends and themes in the discipline and their development is presented in this review, culminating in future directions for prospective publishers of JIM.

The Drivers of Market Orientation and its Impact on Export Performance of Serbian Firms

In the field of international business, examination of the link between a market orientation (MO) and an export performance (EP) is quite popular. However, mechanisms through which MO affects EP have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this paper was to examine direct and indirect impact of MO on EP, as well as drivers of MO. In this paper, MO is defined as organisational culture. Based on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm and Resource-Based View, a model was formulated and tested on a sample of 121 large and medium-sized exporters operating in the Republic of Serbia. The method applied was partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Obtained results indicate that there is a direct and positive effect of relational resources and competitive intensity on MO. It was also found that MO affects EP directly, and that differentiation strategy partially mediates the relationship between MO and EP.

АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СУТНОСТІ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У СФЕРІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The modern development of Ukraine's foreign economic sphere is characterized by a significant reduction in export volumes, an inefficient commodity structure of export-import operations, and the absence of real levers of state influence on its development. Domestic business entities, like the entire economy of Ukraine as a whole, are actually placed in conditions of self-survival, i.e. ensuring viability in the conditions of martial law, by narrowing the opportunities for further development. In such conditions, the issue of optimization of all types of activity, costs, and resources of the enterprise, regardless of the direction of its activity, becomes especially important, which determines the use of a logistic approach in the national economic system and the enterprise management system. At the same time, logistics is considered in two aspects: managerial and technological. When organizing the management of international business, the promotion of material flow and ensuring sales is a subject of organizational management. When improving the technologies of transportation, warehousing, information support, planning and control, the costs for the effective functioning of each of these services are optimized, the optimization affects the items of the technological process. Today, it is impossible not to take into account such an important factor in the development of the world economy as globalization, which contributed to the transition from traditional logistics to international logistics. In the foreign economic sphere, the principles, methods, and tools of logistics in general will not be used effectively enough due to the failure to take into account the specifics and trends of the development of target foreign markets, the specifics of concluding and implementing foreign economic contracts, and the specifics of state regulation of export-import operations. Therefore, the logistics system in the field of international business is formed on the basis of cross-border cooperation and takes into account not only the potential of business entities in the target foreign markets, but also the peculiarities and trends of the national and global market development.

Особенности обучения письменной интернет-коммуникации в неязыковом вузе

Importance. An important problem of using written digital texts as a means of teaching professional written communication in a non-linguistic university is posed. The purpose of the research is to show how modern digital technologies can effectively organize educational activities in the subject-language training of written communication of future specialists in the field of international business. Research methods. The following research methods were used: general theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, functional method) and practical (description, observation, surveys, conversations, statistical analysis method). Results and Discussion. Using internet-resources (news sites, professional online magazines), various tasks are offered that contribute to the formation of effective written communication skills. On the basis of step-by-step activity, the development of discursive skills in the professional sphere takes place, the formation of skills for critical comprehension of processed information, the ability to create a secondary written text. Conclusion. Teaching students to work with digital text is one of the priority tasks of professional foreign language training of a specialist today. Successful mastering of written internet-communication allows students, working with digital resources, to form skills of diversification of the orientation of the profession, its movement towards the development of new digital practices.

Spanning the boundaries: International business theories in a complex global environment

The field of international business is constantly evolving, and there is much debate about what exactly constitutes international business and how its definition influences theorizing. Traditionally international business has focused on cross-border activities of multinational enterprises, including foreign direct investment, multinational enterprises’ strategies, and organization, along with the understanding of the process of internationalization. Changes in the global environment have necessitated a broader, multidisciplinary approach to international business theorizing. This paper explores how international business emerged as a field of inquiry and how the interrelated fields such as international management, international entrepreneurship, and international strategy can inform international business theorizing. A more complementary approach would be beneficial rather than treating these fields as distinct ones. Moreover, this paper recognizes the complex nature of the global environment and highlights the myriad of challenges and opportunities it presents for businesses operating internationally. It proposes a future research agenda that considers this intricate global context, and challenges international business scholars to adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to develop comprehensive theories that capture the dynamic and interconnected nature of the complex global business environment.

БІЗНЕС-КОМУНІКАЦЇЇ З ТОЧКИ ЗОРУ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The proposed article is devoted to considering the problems of organizing business communications in higher educational institutions majoring in Economics and Management, as well as the need to improve business communication skills of young professionals. It is well known that the viability of a business directly depends on the ability of managers working in the field of International Business to establish and maintain business contacts with staff, consumers, and business partners. Research in the city of Berdyansk and the Berdyansk region showed that young professionals faced the problem of organizing business communications (BC) when doing business with foreign partners. In this regard, it is very important to increase the level of efficiency of mastering BC skills, which determines the relevance of this work. Knowledge and skills in the field of BC can become a decisive factor for successful business development. Being aware of the priority of Western BC traditions, due to their linguistic and economic position in the world, it should be remembered that Ukraine, like other Eastern European states, has its own communicative style, generously filled with national character and new economic realities. In addition, when preparing future specialists in the field of Foreign Economic Affairs, in the field of International Business, it is necessary to use new, interactive, professionally oriented methods along with traditional training methods. It should be noted that the knowledge acquired by students in the specialty is very important, but does not guarantee successful business development. While business communication skills are crucial. There were developed recommendations to increase the efficiency of business communication skills of future specialists in the field of Foreign Economic Affairs and International Tourism. We believe that it is of great necessity to include into the existing English language study programs special courses that provide an opportunity not only to expand students’ outlook in the field of Philology and Linguistics, to realize their interest in the subject, but also most to master foreign language professional communicative competence, which allows them to use a foreign language as means of business communication to solve specific problems in situations of business interaction. Key words: Business Communications, communicative style, corporate communication, communicative competence.

신생벤처기업의 국제화와 성과에 관한 연구

Purpose: The purpose of study is sheds light on the internationalization/globalization and performance factors of international new ventures (INVs), which have recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of international business. This study aims to present an important theoretical framework for the internationalization of INVs and their impact on performance. In particular, theoretical research is conducted from the perspective of integrating the industrial-based perspective, resource-based perspective, and institutional-based perspective. These studies intend to motivate future empirical studies.
 Research design, data, and methodology: As for the method of the study, existing prior studies are considered and complements the theoretical deficiencies of these studies. What the study argues is that existing fragmentary studies do not produce consistent results in identifying the influencing factors on internationalization and performance of INVs, making it difficult to accurately understand the behavior of INVs, so it is necessary to understand the industry-resource-institution based view from an integrated perspective. Therefore, an integrated model for the antecedents of internationalization//globalization and performance of INVs.
 Results: The results of the study are expected to be a guide for empirical analysis in the future. However, the limitations to sufficiently consider factors other than industry, resources, and Institutions is a limitation.
 Implications: This study was conducted from an integrated perspective to overcome the fragmentation of studies that investigated the impact of existing studies on the internationalization and performance of INVs from a specific perspective and the inconsistency of research results. Through this study, it can be said that the implications are great in that the foundation for empirical analysis has been developed in subsequent studies.

Does CEO openness matter when explaining firm internationalization decisions: evidence from China

PurposeThe impact of executive characteristics on firm internationalization has already been extensively explored. However, relatively few studies have examined the critical role of chief executive officer (CEO) personality attributes, and especially CEO openness, in firm internationalization. This research aims to deepen the understanding of firm internationalization, by exploring whether and when CEO openness influences firm internationalization.Design/methodology/approachA sample of private high-tech listed firms in China is used, with data from 2004 to 2020.FindingsBased on upper echelons theory, this study theorizes and finds that CEO openness will positively influence firm internationalization. Further, based on the behavioral theory of the firm, this study finds that the performance aspiration gap weakens the positive effect of CEO openness on firm internationalization, but also finds that the potential slack strengthens this effect.Originality/valueFirst, the study reinterprets firm internationalization strategies from the perspective of CEO openness, a personality attribute; CEO openness is an important but so far rarely discussed topic in the field of international business. Second, for the first time, problemistic search and slack search into a research framework are introduced to explore the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm internationalization. This approach can further define the boundary conditions under which CEOs can project their values, preferences and personalities into the process of formulating and implementing a firm's internationalization strategy.

Family firms and international equity-based entry modes: a systematic literature review

PurposeAlthough research on family firms (FF) internationalization has seen a boom over the past 30 years, the understanding of how FFs internationalize with equity modes is still fragmented. Indeed, the majority of extant literature on this topic identifies internationalization with export, overlooking the alternative equity-based entry modes FFs have when entering a foreign country. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap with a framework-based systematic literature review on the topic to improve the understanding of this phenomenon and propose a way forward.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a framework-based systematic literature review of 93 papers published between 1993 and 2021.FindingsThis study adds to the current debate on FFs internationalization by integrating previous review efforts with a deeper investigation of FFs’ equity-based entry modes. This study contributes to this body of knowledge in the family business research by synthetizing and systematizing extant literature with a framework-based approach from the international business (IB) field. In so doing, this study builds a stronger link between these two areas of research. Finally, research gaps and promising research avenues for future studies are also presented.Originality/valueThis study responds to the call to create a dialogue between the FFs and IB fields by systematizing the extant body of knowledge and integrating the FF literature with one of the most widely used frameworks (Pan and Tse, 2000) on entry modes in the IB domain.

MNEs’ transfer of socially irresponsible practices: A replication with new extensions

We conduct a quasi-replication to re-examine the theoretical arguments and empirical findings in Surroca, Tribo, and Zahra (2013). These authors argued that MNEs transfer socially irresponsible (CSiR) practices from their headquarters to their foreign subsidiaries. Recently, however, dramatic changes in institutional environments, multinationals, and their practices have raised concerns about the validity and generalizability of the original arguments. The replication results show weaker evidence than what was presented in the original study and offer a different view of MNEs from emerging markets based on an updated sample. Thus, our replication contributes to a cumulative body of knowledge in the cross-discipline field of international business, CSiR, and sustainability.

국제기업가지향성이 GVC지속가능 성과에 미치는 영향 연구

With the recent emphasis placed on the Global Value Chain(GVC) in the field of international business, there has been growing attention for sustainable management encompassing not only the economic performance of firms participating in GVC activities but also their environmental and social performance. Presenting international entrepreneurial orientation as a leading factor in sustainable GVC performance, this study aims to investigate the effects of the sub-factors of international entrepreneurial orientation, including innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on sustainable GVC performance. Using survey data f rom 219 K orean m anufacturing a nd e xporting f irm s, i t w as c onfirm ed t hat t he i nternational entrepreneurial orientation has positive effects on sustainable GVC performance. This study has the academic implication in expanding the leading factor of GVC performance focused on the network perspective to entrepreneurial orientation. The findings also provide managerial effects in suggesting that it is necessary for firms participating in GVC to take a strategic approach to achieving sustainable GVC performance through international entrepreneurial orientation.

VESTAS: NEW CHALLENGES AFTER COVID-19

This case contemplates the context of a multinational company that was able to reach prominence in the renewable energy market and has to make strategic choices to face a world crisis minimizing the long-term effects. Present in 81 countries, the company, designs, manufactures, installs, and services wind turbines all over the world and is one of the world leaders in renewable energy. This teaching case aims to promote a reflection on the strategic choices in turbulent moments and its possible implications strategic, operational and financial. The case can be used in undergraduate and graduate courses in the field of Corporate Strategy, International Business, and Business Ethics.

Equivalence in international business research: A three-step approach

A primary research area within the field of international business (IB) is to establish the extent to which concepts, theories, and findings identified in one country are applicable to other contexts and which are unique and cannot be found in other contexts. Researchers in IB acknowledge the importance of the context in their studies, but the practice of assessing equivalence (or invariance) is not widely diffused within the community. We first discuss the components of equivalence (construct, method, and item equivalence), and we offer a three-step approach to address equivalence in the writing and revision of a paper. We aim to help editors, reviewers, and researchers produce more reliable research and navigate the tension between generalizable relationships and context-specific ones, both theoretically and empirically, before performing analysis and hypothesis testing. We then apply equivalence to the construct of firm economic performance as a case study, but the same logic can be applied to other constructs as well.

Exploring the influence of innovativeness on the pace of internationalisation of university spin-outs: a born global perspective

ABSTRACT To date, understanding and empirical investigation of the internationalisation processes of university spin-outs (USOs) have been limited. Few studies have explored the role of the specific characteristics of their core technology, in particular their innovativeness, as a determinant of their early internationalisation. This is also an issue which is under-explored within the general international business field. To address this gap, the purpose of our paper is to examine how the innovativeness of USOs influence the pace of their internationalisation. To achieve this, we explore how innovativeness is nurtured and cumulatively developed during born global (BG) and non-born global (NBG) USOs’ pre-foundation technology development trajectory. BGs represent a category of young, usually, high-technology firms that internationalise within 3 years of inception. By exploring the pre-foundation technology development process of Italian USOs across two research-intensive universities, we found that BG and NBG USOs differed in aspects around their innovative proclivity, firm innovativeness and the nature of the innovation. Specifically, we found that BG USOs had a longer pre-foundation period, focused on a specific invention with limited fields of application, and offered ‘really new’ innovations. BG USOs’ products or services were also developed and largely standardised before market entry, which accelerated their internationalisation. In contrast, NBG USOs were characterised by short pre-foundation periods, relied on incremental innovation and a wide spectrum of innovative competencies. They also relied on technologies with a broad scope of market application and customised their offerings based on client needs, which slowed their market entry and internationalisation.

Toward More Impactful International Business Education: A Teaching Innovation Typology

ABSTRACT Teaching innovations in the field of higher education (HE) have the potential to lead to better learning outcomes and higher faculty motivation. While the pedagogy literature has explored different types of teaching innovations, International Business (IB) scholars have paid relatively little attention to how these innovations are disseminated and generate impact across the IB field. This paper addresses this gap. Drawing on the innovation literature in management and the pedagogy literature on teaching innovations, we provide a typology of teaching innovations and their impact in the context of IB education. This framework illustrates the spread of teaching innovations by considering the intersection of types of pedagogy innovations, and the stakeholders impacted by them. By introducing this framework and illustrating select IB teaching innovations, we contribute to the pedagogy literature in the IB field. The framework also offers practical guidance for innovative educators and HE institutions.

Teaching Innovations in the Field of IB: Insights from the Academy of International Business Teaching Innovation Award 2021 Finalists

ABSTRACT This special issue on Teaching Innovations in the Field of International Business systematically explores the nature of teaching innovations and their impact. Featuring articles from the finalists of the 2021 Teaching Innovation Award organized by the Teaching and Education Shared Interest Group at Academy of International Business as well as a conceptual article that integrates these innovations, the special issue seeks to advance research on International Business pedagogy and to inspire scholars to pursue teaching innovations with greater impact.

Internationalization of Turkish business groups: motives and institutional context

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the internationalization motives behind location choice among emerging country business groups (EBGs) and the way in which institutional factors affect Türkiye’s foreign direct investment (FDI).Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a multi-perspective framework that integrates the ownership, location and internalization (OLI) paradigm (Dunning and Lundan, 2008) and the linkage, leverage and learning (LLL) model (Mathews, 2006) with neo-institutional theory to explain the internationalization of EBGs. It adopts a multiple-case study research method relying on 14 semi-structured interviews with top executives to explore the internationalization strategy of a set of Turkish BGs.FindingsThis study supports the combination of the OLI paradigm, the LLL model and neo-institutional theory to explain EBGs’ internationalizing behaviors. Turkish BGs have adopted both asset exploitation and asset augmentation internationalization strategies. The institutional legitimacy mechanism moderates the internationalization motives of Turkish BGs, and their host country location choice and normative pressures are more salient than their regulative and cognitive pressures.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on a sample of EBGs from Türkiye, and this restriction limits the generalizability/applicability of the findings to BGs globally.Originality/valueFew studies have considered EBGs and their internationalization strategies in the international business field. This paper puts forward an integrated framework for analyzing internationalization and legitimacy in the institutional context of EBGs. This study highlights that BGs bridge institutional voids. Focusing on Turkish BGs helps to answer Granovetter’s Coasian question and contributes to the understanding of emerging countries’ economic development.