International Business Community Research Articles

Factors influencing the multinational banks’ decisions to curtail operations in russia: Does ESG matter?

The paper is devoted to an under-researched topic of the international business community’s reaction to russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. It aims to evaluate how G7 and EU financial sanctions, institutional pressure, ESG ratings, and asset value of multinational banks in russia influence their decisions to reduce activities in the invading country. The study used the Yale CELI database of companies leaving and staying in Russia for the classification tree method. The results show that none of the banks headquartered in G7 and EU member states that had no or relatively little assets in russia before the invasion are doing business there on a pre-war scale. Unlike banks headquartered in other countries, most either curtailed their presence in that market or exited the market. This indicates that financial sanctions imposed by G7 and EU member states and institutional pressure on banks in these countries to withdraw from the russian market have proven effective to a certain extent. However, these factors do not meaningfully influence the business of multinational banks with significant assets in russia. The study has not confirmed the hypothesis that a bank with higher ESG ratings is more likely to curtail its operations in the market of an aggressor country and withdraw. However, nearly all banks that scaled back significant activities or even pulled out of russia have better ESG indicators than the industry average. The results suggest the feasibility of improving the methodologies of ESG rating providers for accurately measuring business reactions to aggression and war crimes.

ASSESSMENT OF ENTERPRISE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS BOTH ON DOMESTIC AND WORLDWIDE PRACTICE

Enterprise effectiveness plays a major role in distinguishing companies’ success and ability to present a better product rather than that of the competitors. Assessing this important factor is crucial to obtain organizational success and evaluate factors pertaining to that goal. It is important for organizations to directly comply strategies that center effectiveness and efficiency as one of its primary goals. Nowadays a large aid arrives to this matter with addition of new technology and globalization. Many companies evaluate foreign experiences in constructing their organizational structure and company strategies around this essential factor of success. Many outcomes of technology such as the internet and social media, help companies both directly and indirectly to follow the desired outcomes. In this study, we are going to analyze the current state and practice of enterprise efficiency followed by companies on domestic level as well as paths set on worldwide level led into practice by key players of international business communities. Keywords: Efficiency, Effectiveness, Assessment, Enterprise, Worldwide, Domestic, Factors, Impact, Productivity, Ratio.

Переклад як інструмент комунікації фахівців з міжнародних економічних відносин

The communication skills of specialists in international economic relations determine the ease of overcoming linguistic and cultural boundaries in today’s globalized world. As businesses expand into international markets, the demand for professionals with a high level of language competence, including translation and interpretation skills, is high. The article substantiates that translation competence is an integral part of the professional competence of applicants for economic direction, since integration processes and international cooperation increase the requirements for foreign language proficiency not only in the interpersonal sphere, but also in the economic, especially in the field of international business. In the course of the study, the main key challenges and barriers to effective communication in international business are identified and characterized, namely: cultural differences, language barriers, non-verbal communication signals, technological challenges, time zone differences, cross-cultural misunderstandings, translation and interpretation. Emphasis is placed on translation and interpretation, as it is an important tool for facilitating communication between speakers of different languages. Correct translation and interpretation requires not only knowledge of the language, but also cultural competence, understanding of the context and knowledge of the subject. The authors identify the main areas of application of translation and interpretation in international business, including: legal and regulatory documents; financial reports and market analysis results; marketing and promotional materials for international markets; translation of technical specifications, instructions and documentation for products; diplomatic negotiations, international conferences and diplomatic correspondence on economic issues. Thus, translation is an effective tool for effective communication, cooperation and negotiations in international economic relations. By overcoming language barriers, fostering intercultural understanding, and the exchange of information and ideas, translation plays a vital role in promoting economic cooperation, trade liberalization, and sustainable development on a global scale.

Rethinking Global Supply Chain Management in a Changing Environment to Develop an Integrated Freight Transportation System in Bangladesh

Global supply chain management has been a critical aspect of the international business community for decades. With the rapid growth of globalization, companies have been expanding their businesses to different parts of the world, establishing cross-border partnerships and operations, and relying on global trade for their success. In recent years, the environment in which these supply chains operate has undergone significant changes. The COVID-19 pandemic, changes in government policies, and fluctuations in global trade and investment have created a more complex and challenging landscape for companies to manage their supply chains effectively. This has resulted in a need for companies to rethink their supply chain strategies, especially in developing countries such as Bangladesh. The study employs qualitative research methodology to develop an integrated freight transportation system in Bangladesh just after the changing environment of supply chain management due to COVID-19, geopolitics, and other negative impacts that brought supply chain risks/disruptions in the global freight movement from/to Bangladesh through Bangladeshi seaports. The findings of the research brought the transportation disruptions that lead to problems like operation shutdown, lost sales, late deliveries, and reputation loss remarkably. River transport emerges as the overwhelmingly preferred mode, presenting a substantial 60% of the respondents' choices whereas rail mode is only 30% but rail offers advantages in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness to make it a strong candidate for transporting goods Furthermore, 41.58% of respondents expressed the view that COVID-19 has significantly disrupted various activities, including the global supply chain and shipping trade. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of global supply chain management in Bangladesh and to identify ways to enhance the country's integrated freight transportation system. This research will examine the existing infrastructure, policies, and practices, and suggest mechanisms for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the supply chain in Bangladesh.

Globalizing research on global cities and international business

Living up to the expectations of the JIBS Decade Award, Goerzen, Asmussen, and Nielsen’s 2013 paper not only introduced the literature on global cities to the international business (IB) community but continues to be generative. In their “Retrospective and a Looking Forward” paper 10 years later, the authors highlight megatrends about people, places and things, and new contexts and alternative perspectives, and they encourage further new ways of thinking about global cities and IB. This commentary expands upon their framework of three overlapping circles of global issues, global organizations, and global locations, by drawing especially from recent experiences in the U.S. and research in economic geography and allied fields. Facing global issues of climate change, human rights, health, housing, and the impacts of digital technologies on work, cities offer prospects of responding to these challenges, a context for multinational enterprises (MNEs) to consider. Against the backdrop of large-scale global migrations of unskilled, mostly contract, workers to global cities in developed economies, recruitment agencies and advocacy groups for migrants are global organizations as important as MNEs. Finally, the fluidity of physical boundaries, as illustrated by city-regions, world regions beyond traditional Western-centric perspectives, and intra-national variations, is key to analyzing global locations.

Cultural Dimensions as Guidelines in Handling Language Problems for Effective Written Communication Across Cultures

This research explores potential problems that might occur in the use of language for cross-cultural written communication. It uses corpus-based study as methodology and cultural dimensional theory by Geert Hofstede as guidelines and identifies potential problems in language use in areas such as word choices, syntaxis, textual organization, translation, and rhetorical strategies. These findings will help cross-cultural communicators avoid unnecessary misunderstandings, misleading information, and cultural blunders and create effective written information for successful business and technical exchanges internationally. In this sense, the research makes a good contribution to international business and technical communication and enriches the education in cross-cultural communication.

Особливості врегулювання крос-культурних конфліктів в процесі здійснення зовнішньоекономічної діяльності

Any violations or problems in the establishment of cross-cultural communication in the organiza-tion can become the causes of potential conflicts. Therefore, for their prevention or faster solving, it is important to understand the possible causes of their occurrence. Problems related to the establishment of cross-cultural communication can be: the use of cultural filters when forming an opinion about foreign counterparties; insufficient level of tolerance towards part-ners or clients; incorrect use of verbal and non-verbal means of communication; the establishment of new connections may depend on the degree of implementation of the principles of social responsibility, as this indicates the reliability of the business entity. Conventionally, all problems of cross-cultural interaction can be divided into two groups: conducting negotiations with international business partners and commu-nication within the organization. Usually, cross-cultural conflict during business negotiations arises for two main reasons. First, when dealing with cultural differences, partners quite often rely on stereotypes. Stereotypes are often de-rogatory and can lead to distorted expectations about the opponent's behavior and potentially misinterpre-tations. The second most common cause of intercultural misunderstandings is the tendency to interpret the behavior, values, and beliefs of others through the lens of one's own culture. To overcome this tendency, it is important to learn as much as possible about the culture of the foreign partner's side. The classification of business cultures by Richard Lewis can help to better navigate the character-istics of different cultures, comparing one with another and identifying common and distinctive features. This method is useful for planning cooperation with new counterparties in order to minimize the risk of potential conflicts due to unfamiliarity with the foreign partner. Before starting each negotiation, especially if they take place with new counterparties, it is neces-sary to process an array of information about cross-cultural differences. It is thanks to this measure that the probability of cross-cultural conflict can be minimized. And when a dispute arises, the company's team still needs to review its training, because in most cases, knowing cultural characteristics and being able to use them correctly is the key to solving the problem. For the effective resolution of conflicts, it is worth using the recommended strategy for resolving cross-cultural conflicts in the company in the process of foreign economic activity.

Interpersonal strategies in international business emails: The intercultural pragmatics perspective

Abstract Business email has a significant impact on commercial activities and organizational image. Intercultural pragmatics is the new development of pragmatics, moving its focus from mono-cultural communication to multi-cultural communication, aiming to describe how communicators seek, activate, and create common ground to complete tasks in intercultural communication contexts. Drawing on 1,477 separate English emails exchanged between a Chinese auto parts export company and its business partners in different parts of the world, we find, from the intercultural pragmatics perspective, that different types of interpersonal strategies, i.e., alliance building, other-caring, and self-enhancing/defending, are employed to construct virtual intimacy and to create and highlight interpersonal relationship dimensions in international business communication. These strategies are intended to facilitate the accomplishment of communication tasks by creating emergent common ground, reflecting the dynamics and interculturality of business communication. This research deepens our understanding of the mechanism of relationship management in international business communication.

Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi, Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan (Studi Pada PT Perkebunan Nusantara III Bagian operasional SDM Medan)

These days, kelp sawmills are a significant contributor to the national economy as well as a dynamic force in the international business community. When it comes to the growth and development of the Indonesian economy, the agricultural sector is one of the most important players. In today's enterprises, there is still a significant problem with worker productivity that has to be addressed. When formulating plans to increase employee productivity, a firm needs to take into consideration the climate, culture, and geography of the surrounding working environment. The purpose of this study was to learn how organizational climate, organizational culture, and organizational environment all affected productivity at the Strategic Development and Management division (SDM) of PT Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan. Specifically, the study wanted to determine how organizational climate affected productivity at SDM, how organizational culture affected productivity at SDM, and how organizational environment affected productivity at SDM. A quantitative approach was used for this investigation. Primary data and secondary data are the two types of data that were used in this research project. Participants in this research come from the Operational Services Division of PT Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan. They are the sample population for this investigation. In all, there were 35 people who took part in the survey that was used for this research. A method of taking a random sample known as non probability sampling is used in the sampling process. A Likert scale will be used as the information gathering method for the postcards that will be distributed. The version 26 of the statistical package SPSS is used for the analysis. The assumptions test, the linear regression analysis test, the parsimony test, the simultaneous analysis test, and the coefficient determination test are some examples of the several types of tests that may be used to analyze data. According to the results of this research, each of the independent factors, such as organizational climate, organizational culture, and workplace environment, have a simultaneous and partial influence on worker productivity Y. According to the R values presented above, which are also referred to as coefficient determination coefficients, the organizational climate (X1), organizational culture (X2), and work environment (X3) have a combined 70% effect on worker productivity (Y), whereas the remaining 30% is influenced by factors that are not included in the variables that were investigated in this study.

ESG-інвестування у критичну інфраструктуру в період повоєнного відновлення України

The problem of investment is one of the urgent issues for our country. Ensuring investment in critical infrastructure objects in conditions of hostilities and against the backdrop of the destruction of this infrastructure is associated not so much with economic growth as with the current survival of the country , burdened by continuous military actions. The need for more dynamic development of investment processes aimed at attracting ESG investments in critical infrastructure has been emphasized. The aim of the article is to explore the prospects of ESG investment in critical infrastructure during the post-war recovery period of Ukraine. It has been established that the ESG concept is a modern trend in the investment space that needs to be considered and implemented in practice. The importance of implementing ESG criteria has significantly increased in recent decades and is expected to grow even faster in the near future. Most infrastructure funds view ESG as a driving force that enhances the value and stability of portfolio companies against the backdrop of constant global changes. To benefit from the opportunities provided by ESG investment, it is necessary to consider ESG criteria (environmental, social, and governance) at every stage of the investment life cycle. ESG is increasingly becoming a requirement for investment compliance. It has been established that ESG investment, as the implementation of the ESG concept, contributes to positive changes in society, preserves the environment, etc. However, in the case of the urgent need for rapid and effective post-war recovery of critical infrastructure in Ukraine, it will significantly complicate the process since compliance with ESG criteria, which could be ignored earlier, will have to be followed. The need to change the regulatory framework regarding the inclusion of ESG investment specifics and to transform approaches to investment in the domestic business community is mentioned because the international business community seeks to invest its capital in enterprises and territories that meet ESG criteria. For Ukraine, transformation aimed at meeting the requirements for ESG investment is both a challenge and a necessity for integration into global investment processes.

Perfection, hybridity or shutting up? A cross-country study of how language ideologies shape participation in international business

Employees’ participation in professional international business (IB) communication has important consequences for knowledge transfer and processing, a crucial function for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Research suggests that participation is shaped by language, but prior research has focused on firm-internal language dynamics, meaning that less is known about the influence of external context. We help redress this balance by drawing on the sociolinguistic concept of “language ideologies”. Language ideologies, or shared sets of beliefs about language(s) amongst social groups, are societal-level phenomena that employees bring with them to work. As such, they are part of the external social, political and historical context of IB activities. Our analysis of 82 interviews in three countries indicates that some language ideologies block participation and create friction, while others support participation. Implications for the conceptual understanding of language in IB and the management of internationally active firms are discussed.

Designing an English Coursebook for Senior Executive Administrative Assistants for English Department Students Based on Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI)

Designing a comprehensive course book for English for Business is a challenging endeavor that requires a deep understanding of the unique linguistic and professional needs of learners. In the rapidly evolving landscape of international business communication, educators and instructional designers face a lot of obstacles that must be addressed in order to create a truly effective and relevant course book. This study aims to create a coursebook for an English for Business class based on SKKNI in the scheme of executive administrative assistants. The instructor must construct their own coursebook because SKKNI does not give references. Most studies, however, claimed that generating ESP content is challenging due to a lack of sources, assistance, and a national curriculum. Theoretically, this research is based on Borg and Gall's RnD steps, and just 5 steps have been chosen to conduct this research. The researchers conducted expert validation to evaluate the coursebook and administered a questionnaire to students. The coursebook was judged good (73%) by expert validators with some revisions and 79% by students with several features needing improvement in various categories such as typeface, illustration, and mistyped words.

A Systemic Approach to the Evaluation of Tourism Marketing Strategies Shaped by the Pandemic

This study considers the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global health crisis caused on tourism marketing strategies internationally. The marketing strategies proposed and implemented by international tourism business community are described, in order to deal with the health crisis and to recover the global tourism movement. The general concepts of the research and the methodological tools are listed, with which the present study was conducted and which focused on the application of systems science in information management. Finally, the above strategies are evaluated from the perspective of systems science.

Sustainable development goals and the triangle of ESG investments

The concept of sustainable development has had an enormous effect on the world in recent decades. A company's economic activities need to be organized in a way that takes into account how they will affect society, the environment, and corporate governance standards (ESG). This is what sustainable development means. One of the key trends in the growth of the international business community has been the ESG approach. Many people assert that the financial sector is the engine that drives behind ESG because of its goals to protect the environment, the general public, and to promote responsible investment. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their recent evolution are explained in this article using a qualitative research methodology. We'll also demonstrate how the 17 goals are intended to guide society's cautious development. We will contrast the first 10 sustainability-focused funds available on the market in light of the evidence that financial instruments have emerged on the market to enable businesses to undertake an ESG transformation more easily. At the same time, using the SDG indicators from the European Union, can compare the period before and during COVID 19. In this particular case, the primary focus will be on their contribution to the acceptance of the idea of sustainable development as well as their importance in the development of ESG principles affected by pandemics. The paper concentrates on the dependency between SDGs and ESG in light of the expanding significance of the sustainable development concept.

Interplay Between Customs Valuation and Transfer Pricing in the European Union: General Observations and Administrative Practices in Four Countries After the Hamamatsu Case

Although related party transactions account for most of the international trade transactions, they present a unique set of challenges when it comes to accurately representing the actual value of the transaction. Given the different objectives pursued, transfer pricing and customs law approach the issue in quite different ways, which often leads to discrepancies, complications and inconsistencies to be addressed by multinational businesses. The international business community and international organisations aim for an alignment of the two approaches, but so far, no concrete legal solutions have been reached. In the market of the European Union (EU), the European Court of Justice (ECJ) addressed the issue of the potential interplay between the two legal systems in the Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH Case (Hamamatsu Case). However, the position held by the ECJ is not clear, nor are the consequences arising from this case law. The result is that a stronger alignment between the two depends to a large extent on the administrative practices in the local EU countries. This article aims at providing a comprehensive examination of the current strategy used by several member states (Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany) both before and after the Hamamatsu Case, and explores local practices used to reconcile transfer prices and customs values. Furthermore, in the light of the current fragmented administrative national practices, we present some proposals to amend the Union Customs Code (UCC) that may improve the clarity and fluidity of the interrelationship between transfer pricing and customs valuation in the case of related party transactions.

‘Zimbabwe is open for business’: a legal perspective on the post-2017 use of Statutory Instruments

ABSTRACT Post-2017 Zimbabwean laws have remained hostile to business, contradicting Emmerson Mnangagwa’s promise to citizens and the international business community to make Zimbabwe flourish economically. Seven million Zimbabweans were on the brink of starvation in 2018 forcing Mnangagwa to use Statutory Instruments (SIs) to promote business, create employment, and defeat poverty. Yet, many Zimbabweans remain prevented from meaningfully contributing to reviving the economy. This article considers if the Mnangagwa administration’s political priorities and economic choices have undermined the very legal framework of the SIs intended to promote business confidence amongst citizens. The aspiration to better the lives of citizens by implementing regional trade liberalisation policies is based on theories of flexible integration and derogation. This article interrogates the legal frameworks of selected Statutory Instruments (SIs) and evaluates their impact on Zimbabwean livelihoods. It argues that Mnangagwa’s administration has implemented SIs arbitrarily, making it difficult for citizens to contribute positively to the creation of wealth for all. This is important because it shows the dangers of subordinating economic policies under the political imperative to remain in power. Reform of the legal provisions of SIs is needed to balance the political and economic aspirations of citizens.

Examining Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers in International Business Communication

In today’s interconnected global economy, effective communication is critical for successful international business ventures. However, language barriers pose significant challenges to effective international business communication. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study explores various approaches, technologies, and techniques that organisations can employ to enhance communicative effectiveness and foster successful business relationships in a multilingual environment. The study examines various literature sources, explores real-life case studies, and presents recommendations for organisations to enhance their intercultural communication practices. This study also investigates various strategies utilised by organisations and professionals to address language-related challenges, highlighting their efficacy, limitations, and implications for effective cross-cultural communication. The findings provide practical insights for businesses seeking to enhance their intercultural communication and succeed in the global marketplace. This research study can significantly contribute to the development of effective communication strategies in international business settings. It also highlights the importance of language proficiency, cultural understanding, technology, translation, and intercultural communication skills in addressing language barriers and promoting successful international business communication.

Cross-cultural Management in International Business

With the accelerated development of world economic integration, there are more and more commercial exchanges among countries. However, in the international business environment, these frequent exchanges, communications and exchanges are not only simple business exchanges, but also the collision between different cultures. It belongs to cross-cultural communication. The article focuses on the importance of cross-cultural communication in international business, points out some important significance of language communication in cross-cultural business activities, and puts forward some different methods to deal with different cultures.

Business communication and crisis management in international business: a European perspective

Business communication and crisis management in international business: a European perspective

Business communication and crisis management in international business: A European perspective

Business communication and crisis management in international business: A European perspective