International Archives Research Articles

The Metaphysics of Henry More by Jasper Reid

Reviewed by: The Metaphysics of Henry More by Jasper Reid Guido Giglioni Jasper Reid. The Metaphysics of Henry More. International Archives of the History of Ideas, 207. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012. Pp. vii + 412. Cloth, $179.00. As Jasper Reid argues in his book, there are plenty of reasons for taking More’s philosophy seriously, both as an example of early modern metaphysics and a speculative effort in its own terms. More’s metaphysics was experimental, fictional, and theological at once, for it deliberately and passionately engages with the study of nature, stories of preternatural apparitions and the mysteries of revealed religion (creation, Trinity, the Incarnation, transubstantiation, redemption). More’s philosophical inquiry feeds on experiments, stories, and visions, and these become an organic part of his metaphysical equipment. This, of course, was a hazardous and edgy undertaking, which no doubt contributed to the bad reputation associated with the style of More’s philosophizing. Perhaps due to his poetic vein (the question of its aesthetic value is not relevant here), More was prone to linguistic exuberance. A quick look at the Oxford English Dictionary reveals that the name of More is not rarely associated with neologisms and all sorts of verbal creations. Unsurprisingly, his metaphysics is dotted with technical terms of his own invention: ‘indiscerpibility,’ ‘spissitude,’ ‘holenmerianism,’ ‘hylarchic,’ and ‘biusianic’ (to give a few examples). Reid is at his best when he shows the reader the extent to which More’s mind was keen to explore the farthest frontiers of the human mind and able to test the limits of intelligible reality. This, however, never happened to the detriment of sensible experience or by circumventing the boundaries of ordinary language. Indeed, there is a sense of intuitive immediacy, of almost a literal kind, in the way in which More handled the most abstract ideas in his philosophical arguments (God, space, the journey of the individual soul from and to God). In this, More’s boldest piece of metaphysical prowess consists in an unconventional theory of spiritual extension, understood as an indivisible, penetrable, and active substratum. The notion of spiritual extension, on which Reid published a groundbreaking article (“Henry More on Material and Spiritual Extension,” Dialogue 42 [2003]: 531–58), can be taken as the signature of More’s metaphysics. The universe is a plenum, a seamless continuum of spatial energy, where each single soul is always in a state of vital union with a corresponding unit of congealed (“inspissated”) matter (described as the “fluid possibility” of divine creation), be that matter an earthly, aerial, or ethereal vehicle. In this universe, nature is imagination at its primordial level, sheer productivity detached from a perceiving and thinking subject and yet informed by purposeful guidelines, almost automatic in its modus operandi (“as if you should conceive an Artificers’ imagination separate from the artificer, and left alone to work by it self without animadversion” [323, quoting from More’s philosophical Poems]). This notion of nature is what More came to call the “hylarchic spirit,” one of the most controversial items of his metaphysics, but the one through [End Page 502] which he especially demonstrates his willingness to provide an up-to-date consideration of the material world, using the results of both experimentalism and mechanism. More was a philosopher abreast with the latest trends in science, philosophy, and religion. He was one of the first in England to react to Galileo, Descartes, and Spinoza. In many contemporary endeavors in the field of philosophy, More detected a clear tendency toward materialism. In a way, his philosophy can be seen as a lifetime attempt to address the great challenge launched by Hobbes’s contention that an immaterial substance is a self-contradictory notion. Given the many contacts that More established with a large number of contemporaries (famous and less famous) and the profusion of references that each of his treatises contains, his works are like conceptual pop-up books, in which almost every page develops a set of contextual and historical information that encapsulates the intellectual climate of the time. And yet, more than for any historical, antiquarian, doxographic, and exegetic reasons, More deserves to be studied as a philosopher in his own right. Reid’s book is...

The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics by Thomas Nemeth

Reviewed by: The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics by Thomas Nemeth Philip T. Grier Thomas Nemeth. The Early Solov’ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics. International Archives of the History of Ideas, 212. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015. Pp. xxiv + 261. Cloth, $129.00. The life and thought of Vladimir Solov’ëv (1853–1900) have long fascinated students of Russian culture. Poet, philosopher, mystic, theologian, scholar, humorist, theosopher, ecclesiologist—a tale of Solov’ëv’s very considerable influence could be told by focusing on any single one of these terms. Attempting to encompass all of them at once in a grand summation of the significance of his life is a thoroughly daunting task. Perhaps it will never be accomplished to general satisfaction in a single work, which might partly explain the steadily expanding stream of articles and monographs in several languages devoted to the study of this remarkable figure. Nemeth, perhaps wisely, declines any attempt to treat Solov’ëv’s life work as a whole, focusing instead on an exposition and evaluation of the earlier major philosophical works of the years 1874 through 1881. Not treated by Nemeth are the later, perhaps more measured, philosophical works of the 1890s. Nemeth’s interest in these earlier works centers on their significance as the origin of a distinctively Russian tradition of philosophical writing (academic as well as extra-mural), and his painstaking critique of them throughout is implicitly (at times explicitly) a critique of the entire tradition that followed. In his view, the deficiencies of that later tradition justify a severely critical examination of its origins in Solov’ëv’s early works. The procedure followed by Nemeth consists of a painstaking summary of whatever is known concerning the biographical circumstances, sources, motives, and development of each of the manuscripts examined, as well as the history of its reception and subsequent influence. The main lines of argument (where “arguments” can be identified) are meticulously followed out and subjected to exacting critique. The extensive scholarly research and labor required to accomplish all of this is manifest, and for this we are in his debt. Nemeth’s critique is carried out in the name of a conception of “rationality” to which most readers would presumably assent. Most of us, I suspect, will be able to agree with what I take to be its basics: the idea that competent philosophical writing requires accurate quotations of passages from other philosophers, correct and insightful interpretations of their philosophical positions, precise definitions of univocally employed terms, deductively valid inferences, the elimination of ambiguity to the maximum extent possible, consistency of conclusions with all preceding premises and conclusions, judiciously restricted generalizations, and so forth. On these grounds alone, as many scholars have pointed out (beginning with a number of Solov’ëv’s contemporaries), there is clearly very much deserving of criticism in the works of Solov’ëv examined here, and Nemeth is well justified in pointing it out, step by step. At the same time, there is a frequently recurring note of quite strong exasperation with Solov’ëv in Nemeth’s critique. Some level of exasperation is fully understandable. However, [End Page 513] Nemeth’s reactions were often seemingly pushed to an extreme by his reliance on a generally unreconstructed Neo-Kantian conception of philosophy, one that many contemporary philosophers now view as fundamentally outdated. It leads to a rejection of any and all metaphysics, the restriction of knowledge claims to strict grounding in sense experience, an implicitly (or explicitly) anti-religious scientism (xix), and a deeply skeptical attitude toward post-Kantian German Idealism in general, and Hegel’s philosophy in particular. Epithets applied to them here include “the worst excesses of German Idealism” (91), “Hegel’s infamous ‘Preface’” (131), “the specter . . . of Hegel’s Logic” (182), and others. (The quite arbitrary origins of this Neo-Kantian construction of the philosophical canon have recently been exposed by Kevin J. Harrelson in The Owl of Minerva 44:1–2.) Nemeth tends to treat Kant’s dictum, “Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind” (80), as a kind of touchstone of philosophical common sense. One would not guess that this dictum has been under renewed, heavy assault at...

디지털 게임의 아카이빙과 미디어 고고학적 접근

This paper made a comparative study on domestic and international game archives that preserve and study the history of games. Based on that, it suggests the structure to classify and build a database to establish a history museum of games. The objective to gather and preserve history of games is mainly in order to build a baseline for ludology studies, but not solely for that reason. This study proposes the series of procedures of gathering, preserving, classifying, displaying and referencing digital games according to the academic field of Media Archaeology.

Cinema in the borders of the world: economic reflections on Pathé and Gaumont film distribution in Latin America (1906-1915)

Ever since the first theoretical reflections on Latin American Film History, a central role has been given to foreign economic agents. Curiously, very few researches advanced in the comprehension of the effective role performed by these social actors. This article wishes to understand some of the methods employed by the hegemonic film industries Pathé Frères and Société des établissements Gaumont to enter and conquer Latin American markets at the dawn of the 20th century. By analysing commercial data gathered from international archives, we intend to revisit some of the debates over the peripheral and/or dependent condition of the Latin American cultural sector.

Filling gaps in cultural heritage documentation by 3D photography

Abstract. This contribution promotes 3D photography as an important tool to obtain objective object information. Keeping mainly in mind World Heritage documentation as well as Heritage protection, it is another intention of this paper, to stimulate the interest in applications of 3D photography for professionals as well as for amateurs. In addition this is also an activity report of the international CIPA task group 3. The main part of this paper starts with “Digging the treasure of existing international 3D photography”. This does not only belong to tangible but also to intangible Cultural Heritage. 3D photography clearly supports the recording, the visualization, the preservation and the restoration of architectural and archaeological objects. Therefore the use of 3D photography in C.H. should increase on an international level. The presented samples in 3D represent a voluminous, almost partly “forgotten treasure” of international archives for 3D photography. The next chapter is on “Promoting new 3D photography in Cultural Heritage”. Though 3D photographs are a well-established basic photographic and photogrammetric tool, even suited to provide “near real” documentation, they are still a matter of research and improvement. Beside the use of 3D cameras even single lenses cameras are very much suited for photographic 3D documentation purposes in Cultural Heritage. Currently at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, low altitude aerial photography is exposed from a maximum height of 13m, using a hand hold carbon telescope rod. The use of this “huge selfie stick” is also an (international) recommendation, to expose high resolution 3D photography of monuments under expedition conditions. In addition to the carbon rod recently a captive balloon and a hexacopter UAV- platform is in use, mainly to take better synoptically (extremely low altitude, ground truth) aerial photography. Additional experiments with respect to “easy geometry” and to multistage concepts of 3D photographs in Cultural Heritage just started. Furthermore a revised list of the 3D visualization principles, claiming completeness, has been carried out. Beside others in an outlook *It is highly recommended, to list every historical and current stereo view with relevance to Cultural Heritage in a global Monument Information System (MIS), like in google earth. *3D photographs seem to be very suited, to complete and/or at least partly to replace manual archaeological sketches. In this concern the still underestimated 3D effect will be demonstrated, which even allows, e.g., the spatial perception of extremely small scratches etc... *A consequent dealing with 3D Technology even seems to indicate, currently we experience the beginning of a new age of “real 3DPC- screens“, which at least could add or even partly replace the conventional 2D screens. Here the spatial visualization is verified without glasses in an all-around vitreous body. In this respect nowadays widespread lasered crystals showing monuments are identified as “Early Bird“ 3D products, which, due to low resolution and contrast and due to lack of color, currently might even remember to the status of the invention of photography by Niepce (1827), but seem to promise a great future also in 3D Cultural Heritage documentation. *Last not least 3D printers more and more seem to conquer the IT-market, obviously showing an international competition.

The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2

The International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPD) is the world's largest collection of global surface and sea‐level pressure observations. It was developed by extracting observations from established international archives, through international cooperation with data recovery facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative, and directly by contributing universities, organizations, and countries. The dataset period is currently 1768–2012 and consists of three data components: observations from land stations, marine observing systems, and tropical cyclone best track pressure reports. Version 2 of the ISPD (ISPDv2) was created to be observational input for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) and contains the quality control and assimilation feedback metadata from the 20CR. Since then, it has been used for various general climate and weather studies, and an updated version 3 (ISPDv3) has been used in the ERA‐20C reanalysis in connection with the European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations project (ERA‐CLIM). The focus of this paper is on the ISPDv2 and the inclusion of the 20CR feedback metadata. The Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research provides data collection and access for the ISPDv2, and will provide access to future versions.

How Global Geo-Politics Shaped South Africa's Post-World War I Monetary Policy: The Case Of Gerhard Vissering And Edwin Kemmerer In South Africa, 1924–25

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to highlight using international archives, the extent to which America's attempts to anchor its increasingly dominant global economic power and specifically the struggle between London and New York as the centre of global finance, impacted on the nature and character of the monetary policy advice given by these two international experts, as evident in their work on the Kemmerer-Vissering Commission. We show that Kemmerer, a representative of the rising new global economic powerhouse, the United States of America, and Vissering, a representative of a far less significant global player, the Netherlands, also with somewhat closer historical ties to Britain, were in fact instruments of these global dynamics, as they went about their work on the Commission. This global aspect of the narrative of the Kemmerer-Vissering report has not been highlighted by previous research.

Research awards 2015.

Dear Colleagues, The journal International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology has decided to award in 2015 the three best systematic review and/or literature review articles published in the journal in 2014, highlighting contributions that laid the foundations and concepts of universal knowledge. The purpose of the awards is to praise and acclaim distinguished authors, while also encouraging new talent in the field of international research in otorhinolaryngology. This complies with our objective to stimulate excellence in education and welcome technological developments through research and knowledge. The most outstanding articles were: Systematic Review 1°) Bittencourt, Aline Gomes; Burke, Patrick Rademaker; Jardim, Isabela de Souza; Brito, Rubens de; Tsuji, Robinson Koji; Fonseca, Anna Carolina de Oliveira; Bento, Ricardo Ferreira. Implantable and Semi-Implantable Hearing Aids: A Review of History, Indications, and Surgery. Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;18(3):303–310. Review Article 2°) Naik, Sulabha M.; Naik, Mahendra S.; Bains, Nainjot Kaur. Cadaveric Temporal Bone Dissection: Is It Obsolete Today? Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;18(1):63–67. 3°) Campagnolo, Andrea Maria; Priston, Jaqueline; Thoen, Rebecca Heidrich; Medeiros, Tatiana; Assuncao, Aida Regina. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Latest Research. Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;18(2):184–191. We hope to see you again in future publications. Best regards, Geraldo Pereira Jotz Editor-in-Chief International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

Translational Cardiology: defining limits and targets at the International Archives of Medicine

The Merriam-Webster dictionary reports the first use of “Translational Research” as early as 1986 and the definition given for this term was: “medical research that is concerned with facilitating the practical application of scientific discoveries to the development and implementation of new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, called also translational medicine” .The adjective “translational” stems from Classical Latin “translatio”, then probably Middle French ”translation”, to reach Middle English “translacioun”. The idea is to make a transfer from one idiom to another, yet keeping the intimate significance and sense, which is common to language translation methods. It properly stresses the relation to the transfer of scientific knowledge into practical applications. It is obvious how, in less than 30 years, translational research has pervaded all Science domains and how large is the interest of scientists and lay people for this subject

International archives of otorhinolaryngology-new developments!

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology (IAORL) innovates once again and combines the fourth issue of 2014 with a special edition of review articles. We would like to announce that we plan to publish at least one special issue each year that would feature various topics put forward by guest associate editors.

Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals

SummaryBackgroundWorking long hours might have adverse health effects, but whether this is true for all socioeconomic status groups is unclear. In this meta-analysis stratified by socioeconomic status, we investigated the role of long working hours as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe identified four published studies through a systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to April 30, 2014. Study inclusion criteria were English-language publication; prospective design (cohort study); investigation of the effect of working hours or overtime work; incident diabetes as an outcome; and relative risks, odds ratios, or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, or sufficient information to calculate these estimates. Additionally, we used unpublished individual-level data from 19 cohort studies from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working-Populations Consortium and international open-access data archives. Effect estimates from published and unpublished data from 222 120 men and women from the USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia were pooled with random-effects meta-analysis.FindingsDuring 1·7 million person-years at risk, 4963 individuals developed diabetes (incidence 29 per 10 000 person-years). The minimally adjusted summary risk ratio for long (≥55 h per week) compared with standard working hours (35–40 h) was 1·07 (95% CI 0·89–1·27, difference in incidence three cases per 10 000 person-years) with significant heterogeneity in study-specific estimates (I2=53%, p=0·0016). In an analysis stratified by socioeconomic status, the association between long working hours and diabetes was evident in the low socioeconomic status group (risk ratio 1·29, 95% CI 1·06–1·57, difference in incidence 13 per 10 000 person-years, I2=0%, p=0·4662), but was null in the high socioeconomic status group (1·00, 95% CI 0·80–1·25, incidence difference zero per 10 000 person-years, I2=15%, p=0·2464). The association in the low socioeconomic status group was robust to adjustment for age, sex, obesity, and physical activity, and remained after exclusion of shift workers.InterpretationIn this meta-analysis, the link between longer working hours and type 2 diabetes was apparent only in individuals in the low socioeconomic status groups.FundingMedical Research Council, European Union New and Emerging Risks in Occupational Safety and Health research programme, Finnish Work Environment Fund, Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research, German Social Accident Insurance, Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Academy of Finland, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Netherlands), Economic and Social Research Council, US National Institutes of Health, and British Heart Foundation.

A Unified Multi-Purpose Calibration Site for Aerial and High Resolution Satellite Sensors

Experience with both analog and digital systems show that laboratory calibration is not necessarily valid in airborne conditions; whereas the advantages of field calibration are that the entire imaging system is calibrated and not alone the optical part; and the parameters determined are valid in operational airborne conditions (Cramer 2004, 2006; Honkavaara et al. International Archives of Photogrammetry”, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 36, 2008a, b). The result of calibration and testing is dependent on a number of permanent system factors and systematic and random components associated with camera, imaging system, flight, atmosphere, object and data post-processing (Honkavaara et al. International Archives of Photogrammetry”, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 36, 2008a, b) those affect the quality of the raw images produced by the sensors. It is therefore important to calibrate the aerial or satellite imaging sensors in specially designed fields so that the performance of the entire chain is assessed taking into consideration all the influencing factors. In addition to imaging sensors, ISO 19159 for ‘Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data’ also incorporates airborne laser scanners, imaging radar and water borne sonar systems (Kresse 2010). The task of developing uniform practices and standards for field calibration and testing has been taken up by several international working groups but hardly any permanent multipurpose test field like the one in Sjokulla, Finland with facilities for radiometric and spatial resolution calibration and networks of targeted benchmarks for geometric calibration at large, medium and small imaging scales is available. National Remote Sensing Centre’s (NRSC) interest is in sensor’s performance to solve the question of whether the technology will be able to fulfill present standards of map compilation for disaster management support, urban planning & development, cadastral resurvey, utility mapping, corridor mapping for canal, road, rail alignment, etc. those need very accurate data for its effective usage. With this objective a multi-sensor calibration field, first of its kind in India, designed with targets for geometric calibration, radiometric calibration, spatial resolution and height accuracy calibration is under construction in Shadnagar about 50 km away from Hyderabad that would serve aerial sensors and very high resolution satellite sensors better than 1 m.

Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe ed. by Anna Akasoy and Guido Giglioni (review)

Reviewed by: Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe ed. by Anna Akasoy and Guido Giglioni Steven Harvey Anna Akasoy and Guido Giglioni, editors. Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europe. International Archives of the History of Ideas, 211. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. Pp. viii + 405. Cloth, $179.00. This rich volume of fifteen papers comprises the proceedings of a conference held at the Warburg Institute in 2008, with three additional papers. It begins with a learned introduction by one of the two editors, Guido Giglioni, that maps out the volume, outlines its main themes, and points to the care the editors have taken “in this volume” to distinguish Ibn Rushd, the twelfth-century historical figure, from Averroes, his literary incarnation in the Latin West, and to distinguish “between ‘Averroan’ [‘any philosophical view that belongs directly to Ibn Rushd’], ‘Averroist’ [any opinion held by a follower of Ibn Rushd in the medieval Latin West] and ‘Averroistic’ [‘the general cultural label denoting a pronounced [End Page 612] (vaguely Aristotelian) rationalistic attitude’]” (1–2). While scholars have long recognized the need to distinguish between Ibn Rushd’s teachings and those attributed to him by later thinkers, the pedantic distinction between Ibn Rushd’s teachings and those of Averroes seems misplaced and even misleading (and is not followed consistently in this book). Scholars of Ibn Rushd today who read him in the Arabic original do not always agree on his personal views (see, on this point, Anna Akasoy’s essay), particularly regarding philosophical problems such as God’s knowledge of particulars and the creation/eternity of the world. On the other hand, those who seek to understand Ibn Rushd through reading the medieval Latin translations are often able to do so. The key questions here concerning the medieval Latin readers are not semantic, but rather simply, did X read Averroes? Does he cite him approvingly? Does he seem to understand him? To what purpose does he use him? All too often in this volume, we are left to wonder in what ways Averroes parts from Ibn Rushd (and an Averroist teaching from an Averroan one), for example, Averroes’s view of supreme happiness (although curiously there is no reference in this volume to his commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics). The opening paper, one of my favorites, is Amos Bertolacci’s account of the critique of Averroes (=Ibn Rushd) against Avicenna on human spontaneous generation. For Bertolacci, who elsewhere has surveyed such criticisms by Ibn Rushd, Avicenna, “albeit negatively … is one of the most important sources of Averroes’s system”(39). Here he deftly traces Ibn Rushd’s various critiques in different places of Avicenna’s position on this topic—most interestingly, that it violates the principle of the necessary inherence of complex forms, like that of man, in specific matters; argues they are “representative of Averroes’s overall anti-Avicennian position” (41); and shows they do not present Avicenna’s views accurately. It may be noted that the highlighted inconsistencies here between Averroes’s Tahāfut and his long commentaries may be attributed to their different intentions and his considering only the latter demonstrative books. Charles Burnett’s short but sweet paper on the mid-sixteenth-century Latin editions of Aristotle’s corpus with Averroes’s commentaries spells out what is little known about the editors of these editions and their editorial policies and interests. Notwithstanding, his conclusion that the changes from edition to edition reflect “the developments in the academic circles in Padua and can hint at not only the academic discussions going on there, but also at the tensions, loyalties, and passions of the personalities involved” (64)seems a bit grandiose for the paper. Craig Martin’s suggestive chapter on the Latin commentaries on Averroes and, in particular, the sixteenth-century Latin supercommentaries on his Aristotelian commentaries, points to reasons for Averroes’s growing popularity during that century. The Latins turned to Averroes not only for his remarkably reliable philosophical expositions, but also because of his agreement with the Greek commentators, and his being a reliable source for their teachings (Dag Hasse would add for his philosophically attractive unicity of the intellect thesis...

Studies of land surface temperature distribution using multispectral image Landsat

Land surface temperature is one of the most important factors in urban climatology studies and human - environmentinteractions. Warmer air in urban area - urban heat island is a pressing issue for all big cities. Besides, land surfacetemperature is also an important factor when monitoring soil moisture. Ground-based observations reflect only thermalcondition of local area around the station and in fact cannot establish the number of meteorological stations withexpected density due to the high cost. Remote sensing technology with advantages such as wide area coverage andshort revisit interval has been used effectively in the study of land surface temperature distribution. The study indicateshow to estimate surface temperature using LANDSAT satellite data. With 120m (TM), 60m (ETM+) and 100m(LANDSAT 8) spatial resolution, thermal infrared image LANDSAT performance applications in the region study. Thisarticle also considers the method determining surface emissivity and building program LST for calculating land surfacetemperature. The land surface temperature distribution map and the analyses of thermal - land cover relationships canbe used as the reference for urban planning and the solution to the reduction of heat island effect.ReferencesAlipour T., Sarajian M.R., Esmaseily A., 2004. Land surface temperature estimation from thermal band of LANDSAT sensor, case study: Alashtar city. The international archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote sensing and Spatial information sciences, Vol. XXXVIII-4/C7. Balling R.C., Brazel S.W., 1988. High - resolution surface temperature patterns in a complex urban Terrain, Photogrametric engineering and Remote sensing, Vol. 54, No.9, pp. 1289 - 1293. Carnahan W.H., Larson R.C., 1990. An analysis of an urban heat sink. Remote sensing of Environment, 33:65 - 71. Fei Yuan, Marvin E. Bauer, 2007. Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in LANDSAT imagery. Remote sensing of Environment 106:375 - 386. Gallo K.P., Owen T.W., 1998. Satellite - Based adjustments for the urban heat island temperature bias, Journal of applied meteorology, Vol. 38, pp. 806 - 813. Garcia Cueto O.R., Jauregui Ostos E., Toudert D., Tejeda Martinez A., 2007. Detection of the urban heat island in Mexicali and its relationship with land use. Atmosfera 20(2), pp. 111 - 131. Holben B.N., 1986. Characteristics of maximum value composite image from temporal AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote sensing, 7:1417 - 1434. Hyung Moo Kim, Beob Kyun Kim, Kang Soo You, 2005. A statistic correlation analysis algorithm between land surface temperature and vegetation index, International journal of information processing systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 102 - 106. Javed Maltick, Yogesh Kant, D.B. Bharath, 2008. Estimation of land surface temperature -over Delhi using LANDSAT-7 ETM+”, Journal Ind. Geophys. Union, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 131 - 140. Lê Đình Quang, 2005. Sự hình thành đảo nhiệt ở nội thành thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp chí Khí tượng Thủy văn, 530, trang 44 - 46. Lo C.P., D.A. Quattochi, J.C. Luvall, 1997. Application of high resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect. International journal of Remote sensing, 18:287 - 304. Luke Howard, 1833. The climate of London. International association for urban climate (IAUC), 285p. Oke T.R., 1979. Technical note No. 169: Review of urban climatology. World meteorological organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 43p. Sundara Kumar K., Udaya Bhaskar P., Padmakumari K., 2012. Estimation of land surface temperature to study urban heat island effect using LANDSAT ETM+ image”, International journal of Engineering Science and technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 771 - 778. Tran H., Yasuoka Y., 2004. Surface Climatic impacts of Urbanization in the Hochiminh city, Vietnam: An intergrated study with remote sensing and modeling. Proceedings of the 3rd ICUS international symposium “New technologies for urban safety of megacities in Asia”, Agra, India, October 18 - 19. Tran Hung, Daisuke Uchihama, Shiro Ochi, Yoshifumi Yasuoka, 2006. Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities. International journal of applied Earth observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 8, pp. 34 - 48. Trần Thị Vân, Hoàng Thái Lan, Lê Văn Trung, 2009. Phương pháp viễn thám nhiệt trong nghiên cứu phân bố nhiệt độ đô thị. Tạp chí Các Khoa học về Trái Đất, T.31, (2), trang 168 - 177. Valor E., Caselles V., 1996. Mapping land surface emissivity from NDVI. Application to European African and South American areas. Remote sensing of Environment, 57, pp. 167 - 184. Van de Griend A.A., Owen M., 1993. On the relationship between thermal emissivity and the normalized difference vegetation index for natural surface. International journal of remote sensing 14, pp. 1119 - 1131. LANDSAT Conversion to Radiance, Reflectance and At-Satellite Brightness Temperature (NASA).

Editorial

The International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology celebrates its 14th year of Foundation awarding works published in 2009. As the standards previously set, we selected the three original articles; an article review, an update and a case report, as electing by the Editorial Board of the Magazine. In an election on demand, with strong participation of over 75% of evaluators our editorial board and with a great diversity of votes, it was showed the great interest in the magazine and the content thereof.

Managing Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: prevalence, Pathology and Progress

Dr Arnett received his PhD in Psychology (Clinical) from the University of Wisconsin – Madison (WI, USA), and completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Clinical Neuropsychology at the Medical College of Wisconsin. He is currently a psychology professor and Director of Clinical Training at Penn State University (PA, USA). Dr Arnett’s research focuses on clinical neuropsychology, with an emphasis on secondary influences on cognitive functioning in persons with multiple sclerosis and mild traumatic brain injury. He is the director of the Neuropsychology of Sports-Related Concussion and Multiple Sclerosis programs at Penn State University, a fellow of the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), past winner of NAN’s Nelson Butters Award for Research Contributions to Clinical Neuropsychology, and was Program Co-Chair for the 2010 Mid-Year Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society (INS). He has authored over 90 research articles and book chapters, as well as over 160 conference presentations. He is an editorial board member of several journals, including Neuropsychology, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society and Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. Dede Ukueberuwa received her bachelor’s degree from Princeton University (NJ, USA) and earned a master’s degree in Psychology at Penn State University (PA, USA), where she is currently a PhD student in Clinical Psychology. She is also the coordinator of the Penn State University Multiple Sclerosis Project. Her work uses neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging to understand cognitive and biological factors relating to emotional difficulties in multiple sclerosis. She is the author of several publications pertaining to multiple sclerosis and has also presented her work at numerous conferences.

The Science of Sensibility: Reading Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry ed. by Koen Vermeir, Michael Funk Deckard (review)

Reviewed by: The Science of Sensibility: Reading Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry ed. by Koen Vermeir, Michael Funk Deckard Iain Hampsher-Monk Koen Vermeir and Michael Funk Deckard, editors. The Science of Sensibility: Reading Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry. International Archives of the History of Ideas, 206. Dordrecht-New York: Springer, 2012. Pp. xxii + 337. Cloth $139.00. Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry into the origin of our ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful was born of his youthful ambitions for literary fame, ambitions he had to compromise by entering politics to support himself and his young family. It is the one work of systematic philosophy from an author whose greater fame derived from his attack on the philosophical politics of the French revolution and its English sympathizers. As such it has held an important place—not only in the history of aesthetics through its influence on Kant—but increasingly for historians of political ideas looking to systematize his otherwise topical political writings. For Burke, neither aesthetics nor “political philosophy” had the distinct genre-identities they now possess: the work was rather a contribution to the recently emerged field of “Criticism and Belles Lettres,” with valences to a range of subject areas we would often now recognize as distinct—physiology, psychology, literary criticism, rhetoric, politics, even, whisper it, cultural studies. This volume of fifteen essays claims to be the first entirely devoted to the work, and the editors, while drawing attention to the diversity of genres and interpretations with which it has been identified, argue for “a science of sensitivity” as the node of a range of mid-century preoccupations and disciplines—philosophical, medical, and literary—that occasioned a burst of essays on what we now call aesthetics. In Part I, Science and Sensibility, Steffan Ducheyne discusses the Enquiry’s deployment of Newtonian methodology; Joseph Pippin III identifies a knowable objective metaphysics in the Enquiry, which, he claims, confirms the neo-Aristotelian against the Lockean reading of Burke; Aris Sarafinos’s fine essay shows the wider physiological and even meteorological context of the material grounding Burke gives his concept of sensibility; and Herman Parret pursues Burke’s reputation forward into the German-speaking world, more particularly Herder’s critique of Burke for failing to systematize the somatic basis of sensibility, to which they both subscribed. In Part II, Sensibility, Morals and Manners, the German reception is further pursued by Bart Vandenabeele’s discussion of Kant’s response to, and differences with, Burke, agreeing with him on the social character of aesthetic experience, but rejecting Burke’s view that any universal claims can be found in, or drawn from, its purely empirical sources. F. P. Locke’s “Politics of Burke’s Enquiry” argues it is a mistake to assume there are any—urging readers take seriously the terms ‘philosophical’ and ‘enquiry’ in the title. It is, in origin and conception, a work of “genuine intellectual curiosity.” Dan O’Neill, by contrast, argues that, even setting aside its possible relationship to later works, the Enquiry is “on its own an important work of political theory,” while Paddy Bullard assures us a scholarly consensus exists denying important connections between Reflections and the Enquiry, before turning his attention to the Miltonic references in the Enquiry. A preoccupation with the literary features of the work (Bullard, Ryan, De Bruyn, Saint Perinetti, Girons) is not confined to the last section, Aesthetics and the Science of Sensibility. Burke’s claim about the greater power of the Sublime is clearly borne out by its dominance as a theme here, and central to many is the tracing of the filiations of the Sublime from its origins in Longinus—or even earlier (Cressida Ryan), or forward to contemporary aesthetics (Girons: “the revenge of obscurity”). But the classical is not the only literary lineage discussed: K. O’Donnell reads the work as grounded in an oral, Erse culture—a Gaelic sublime; while others draw attention to the Bible and indeed the relation between the Biblical and classical sublime (Paddy Bullard). Among the best contributions bringing together the literary and the historical are Dario Perinetti’s philosophically subtle and well-contextualized discussion of the relationship between Hume’s essay “Of the Standard of Taste” and...

New challenges for international archives of otorhinolaryngology.

The International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology is beginning a new chapter in its history; starting with this issue, the journal will be published by Thieme Medical Publishers. Much as impressionism, which emerged in the late 19th century in France, became the starting point for the development of modern art that conveyed the artists' desire to portray the moment in which a scene took place, the International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology has collaborated with Thieme to better disseminate its content, thereby providing more visibility for its authors. This is an important step in the growth of the journal. The journal will maintain its subsections and will publish supplementary special issues that will accompany the main journal, the first of which will appear in July 2014. For future issues, we will be changing the system of online submission and review of the papers, which will be managed by ScholarOne (http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/iaorl). In 2014, we will continue our policy of rewarding articles in the area of meta-analysis that are published in our journal, because these studies form the basis for opinion-making regarding the most varied subjects. In this issue, among the published studies, we highlight the studies related to adenotonsillectomy, rhinoplasty, sensorineural hearing loss, neurotology, allergy, and orofacial issues, seeking challenges, responses, and therapeutic suggestions for several disorders.

3D PHOTOGRAPHS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE

Abstract. This paper on providing "oo-information" (= objective object-information) on cultural monuments and sites, based on 3D photographs is also a contribution of CIPA task group 3 to the 2013 CIPA Symposium in Strasbourg. To stimulate the interest in 3D photography for scientists as well as for amateurs, 3D-Masterpieces are presented. Exemplary it is shown, due to their high documentary value ("near reality"), 3D photography support, e.g. the recording, the visualization, the interpretation, the preservation and the restoration of architectural and archaeological objects. This also includes samples for excavation documentation, 3D coordinate calculation, 3D photographs applied for virtual museum purposes and as educational tools. In addition 3D photography is used for virtual museum purposes, as well as an educational tool and for spatial structure enhancement, which in particular holds for inscriptions and in rock arts. This paper is also an invitation to participate in a systematic survey on existing international archives of 3D photographs. In this respect it is also reported on first results, to define an optimum digitization rate for analog stereo views. It is more than overdue, in addition to the access to international archives for 3D photography, the available 3D photography data should appear in a global GIS(cloud)-system, like on, e.g., google earth. This contribution also deals with exposing new 3D photographs to document monuments of importance for Cultural Heritage, including the use of 3D and single lense cameras from a 10m telescope staff, to be used for extremely low earth based airborne 3D photography, as well as for "underwater staff photography". In addition it is reported on the use of captive balloon and drone platforms for 3D photography in Cultural Heritage. It is liked to emphasize, the still underestimated 3D effect on real objects even allows, e.g., the spatial perception of extremely small scratches as well as of nuances in color differences. Though 3D photographs are a well established basic photographic and photogrammetric tool, they are still a matter of research and practical improvement: – For example, multistage concepts for 3D heritage photographs, e.g., combining before and aft images and images showing different focus, daytime etc., as well as combining 3D imagery of different sensors and comparing 3D imagery with drawings etc. and even standards for exposing and processing 3D heritage photographs are only some topics for recent research. – To advise on state-of-the-art 3D visualisation methodology for Cultural heritage purposes an updated synoptically overview, even claiming completeness, also will be dealt with. – 3D photographs increasingly should replace old fashioned subjective interpreted manual 2D drawings (in 2D only) of heritage monuments. – Currently we are witnesses of early developments, showing Cultural Heritage objects in 3D crystal as well as in 3D printings.

International archives of otorhinolaryngology and thieme medical publishers.

On 16 April 2013, the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation signed a partnership with Thieme Medical Publishers for thepublication of the International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology , beginning with this year’s 4th edition.Thieme, a German publishing company based in Stuttgart with a 125-year history, is one of the most important publishersof medical books and journals in the world. It publishes 130 diversified medical journals and 70 new books a year.The International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology is a journal sponsored by the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation and theSocietas Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Latina, a medical society founded in 1924. It has been continuously published for the last17 years and is the first electronic journal of otorhinolaryngology in the world. This scientific journal is reviewed by aninternational editorial board and independent peer reviewers and is currently supported by FAPESP (Foundation forResearch Support of the State of Sao Paulo).This partnership is a major breakthrough for Brazilian science, since our journal, as part of Thieme’s portfolio, will partakeof the publisher’s quality standards and achieve more international visibility.With this partnership, the International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology will be added to the most important indexationsof medicine in the medium term, thus supplementing its already established academic presence. It will also increase thecontributions from all around the world. This way, we hope the journal will become, soon, the major vehicle for research in thefield of otorhinolaryngology, speech therapy, and related sciences in Latin America. The authors who publish in our journalwill thus have an international impact comparable to researchers whose work appears in other renowned periodicals.Congratulations to all who have published in our journal and who have induced Thieme, which took notice of the qualityof its contents and its importance among Brazilian experts, to choose it as its starter in Brazil.Finally, this partnership was made possible by the visionary mission of Professor Ricardo Bento, President of the Board ofTrustees of the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation; the perseverance and encouragement of Professor Richard Voegels; theinstitutional and quality commitment of Professor Geraldo Pereira Jotz, Editor-in-Chief; and of Dr. Aline Bittencourt,Co-Editor; together with the professional dedication of Adilson Montefusco, librarian in charge. This partnership was signedin Sao Paulo in the presence of Mr. Daniel Schiff , Senior Vice President of Thieme Publishers, and Mrs. Michele Aranha,representative in Brazil of Thieme Publishers.For future issues, we will be changing the system of online manuscript submission and review, which will be managed byScholarOne ( http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/iaorl)Best regards,Geraldo Pereira JotzEditor-in-ChiefInternational Archives of OtorhinolaryngologyAline BittencourtCo-EditorInternational Archives of Otorhinolaryngology