Internal Factors Research Articles

Implementation of the Protection Policy for Children and Women

Sexual violence against children is one of the serious problems facing the government today. Socially child protection is a joint effort and action from all social strata, different positions and different roles. They are very aware of the importance of children for the future of the homeland and the nation. As a young generation who have high aspirations for the country, future leaders of the country, and a source of hope for the previous generation, they need the widest possible opportunity to grow and develop mentally, physically and physically. This research approach uses descriptive or data collection using published or perish databases from Google Scholar to produce 640 documents. UU no. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection also explains that Child Protection is all activities to guarantee children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and status and receive protection from violence and discrimination. But unfortunately in its application often experience obstacles and obstacles, both caused by internal factors and external factors. This can be seen from the increase in cases of child abuse which are increasing every year. The issued policies are hampered in terms of implementation, even though several bodies have been formed such as KPAI (Indonesian National Commission for Child Protection) and P2TP2A.

Interpersonal Communication Patterns of Lupus Patients at Cinta Kupu Community

This study analyzes the interpersonal communication patterns of lupus sufferers in the North Sumatra Cinta Kupu community, focusing on self-disclosure, initial diagnosis, and self-concept. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, the research seeks to understand the experiences of six informants, divided into key and triangulation groups. Data collection involved interviews and observations. The findings reveal that interpersonal communication patterns are influenced by internal factors, such as the desire to survive, communicate, and fulfill social needs, as well as external factors like empathy, motivation, and self-proving. Self-disclosure, shaped by self-acceptance, also impacts various aspects of their lives within the community. The desire to continue offspring, fulfill the needs of life as social beings, the desire to survive, and the desire and need to communicate with others. While external factors are: empathy, motivation (support) and imitation and self-proof.

Megacity urban green space equity evaluation and its driving factors from supply and demand perspective: A case study of Tianjin

Urban green space (UGS) equity is crucial for sustainable urban development, social harmony, and stability. Given the escalating environmental justice crisis in megacity UGS, ensuring spatial justice and social equity in these areas is vital for sustainable development. This study analyzes the equity of UGS in megacity by assessing both spatial equity from the supply perspective and social equity from the demand perspective while exploring key factors driving this equity. This study found that: 1) The green Gini coefficient in Tianjin's central city, stands at 0.7787, indicating significant spatial inequity, with small UGS exhibiting the highest, followed by medium and large spaces. 2) There is a varying perception of UGS equity across different socioeconomic groups, most pronounced in the center urban area, then in the encircling urban area and remote urban area, indicating a gradual diffusion of green equity from the city center outward. 3) Key external factors influencing UGS equity include economic development, population density, traffic patterns, and local environmental quality, while internal factors like accessibility and size also play a role in spatial equity. Thus, enhancing UGS equity in megacities requires not only top-down supply interventions but also bottom-up demand feedback mechanisms.

The Relationship between the Return of Energy Companies Listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange and the Exchange Rate, KASE Index, and Gold Return: ARDL Bounds Value Approach

In a free market economy, stock market indices are influenced not only by national economic developments, but also by economic indicators such as gold, exchange rates, and oil. It is important to consider these indicators when analyzing the returns of companies traded on the stock exchange. Internal factors that impact stock market returns include the company's estimated earnings and changes in the company's financial structure. External factors include macroeconomic variables such as exchange rates, interest rates, gold prices, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A study analyzed the relationship between the returns of energy companies traded on KASE and the KASE index, exchange rate, and gold return during the period of 01.01.2023-01.04.2024 (328 trading days) using the ARDL Bounds Value Approach. The research findings indicate that the stock market composite index, foreign exchange, and gold returns have a long-term effect on the returns of energy companies. Particularly, the long-term effect of the stock market composite index return is found to be significant and positive for all three assets. Additionally, the effect of companies' past values has been observed as negative. According to the error correction model analysis, a key finding is that shocks to company returns will reach equilibrium in a short time, approximately one trading day. These results can provide decision support, especially for investors, when investing in energy companies.

ANALISIS STUDI KOMPARATIF KEBERHASILAN BERWIRAUSAHA PADA PENGUSAHA VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) DI KABUPATEN BULELENG

This study aims to determine how the analysis of Comparative Studies of Entrepreneurial Success in VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Entrepreneurs in Buleleng Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques using structured interview techniques to extract information and documentation techniques to collect a number of documents as information data material, namely sound recordings and photographs to make conclusions and data analysis. The source triangulation technique is used as a data validity technique by asking several questions to the sources so that conclusions can be drawn from the answers that have been given. Data analysis techniques used in this study using SWOT analysis, namely strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats. The results of the study analyzed the entrepreneurial success of VCO products in Buleleng Regency from internal and external factors, which is said to be successful is Bali Pure VCO. From the S-O strategy where this strategy uses the strengths of the company, to take advantage of its great opportunities. This can be seen from the situation and condition of the company that is being run, which has followed the development of technology by using large industrial machines and unique packaging techniques and maintained sterilization. In addition, Bali Pure products have also innovated a lot by utilizing coconut fruit not only as pure coconut oil but also as a bath soap product with a variety of natural aromas

Social addiction or nicotine addiction? The effect of smoking social motivation on inhibitory control under smoking social cues: Evidence from ERPs

IntroductionPrevious studies and theoretical models suggest that the decreasing effect of smoking-related cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke is one of the underlying mechanisms of smoking behavior. However, many studies have overlooked the effects of other types of smoking-related cues, such as social cues. Moreover, previous studies have lacked investigation into whether this decreasing effect is influenced by internal factors. The present study aims to integrate behavioral and electrophysiological indicators to investigate the effect of smoking social cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke, as well as the moderating role of social motivations. MethodIn Experiment 1, a visual Go/NoGo paradigm with four types of backgrounds (neutral, neutral social, smoking object, and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates and reaction times of 32 participants who smoke. In Experiment 2, the Go/NoGo paradigm with two types of backgrounds (smoking object and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates, reaction times, and amplitudes of the N2 and P3 event-related potentials among 30 participants who smoke with varying degrees of primed smoking social motivation. Results(1) Individuals who smoke had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background; (2) individuals who smoke with primed high smoking social motivation, rather than low motivation had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background. ConclusionsSmoking social cues have a greater capacity to decrease inhibitory control in people who smoke than smoking object cues, and this decreasing effect is bolstered by smoking social motivation.

Intrinsic religiosity and purchase intention: The role of attitude and moral efficacy

The diversity of products on the market today raises various kinds of consumer considerations when making purchases. Consumers will consider the basics they have before making a purchase. Factors that influence consumers before making a purchase come from internal and external consumers. In this study, consumer behavior analysis is seen based on internal factors such as intrinsic religiosity, attitude, and moral efficacy. This study analyzes the effect of intrinsic religiosity on purchase intention by mediating attitude and moral efficacy. This study examines the behavior of consumers of cosmetic products in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and obtained a sample of 92 respondents. The research data were analyzed using the Smart PLS 4.0 software to test validity, reliability, and bootstrapping. The results of the study proved intrinsic religiosity does not negatively affect purchase intention, intrinsic religiosity has no positive effect on attitude, intrinsic religiosity has a positive effect on moral efficacy, attitude negatively affects purchase intention, moral efficacy has no negative effect on purchase intention, attitude does not mediate the influence of intrinsic religiosity on purchase intention, and moral efficacy did not mediate the effect of intrinsic religiosity on purchase intention.

Digital tools for territory branding

Territory branding is actively used for the deve­lopment and promotion of villages, towns, cities, regions, and countries in the modern world. And if earlier traditional marketing tools were enough for effective branding and promo­tion, today it is mandatory to use digital mar­keting methods and tools. The aim of the article is to substantiate and systematize digital ma­rketing methods and tools for territory branding. When conducting the research, general scientific and special methods were used: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, grouping, structural-logi­cal, logical generalization of results, as well as graphic. The essence, the principles and func­tions of territory branding have been determi­ned. Segments of the target audience for the promotion of territory brands have been identi­fied, such as: investors, entrepreneurs, the popu­lation, tourists. The brand development direc­tions of Ukraine and its territories are outlined. The internal and external factors of the marke­ting environment of territories are highlighted and the concept of territory branding in the digi­tal environment has been given. Digital chan­nels, methods and tools of territory branding are substantiated and systematized.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Pedagang Pasar Atas Bukittinggi Menggunakan Pembiayaan Utsman di BPRS Jam Gadang

This research analyzes the factors influencing the interest of traders in Pasar Atas Bukittinggi in using Utsman Financing at BPRS Jam Gadang. This study is motivated by the decreasing number of Utsman Financing customers at the BPRS. Data was gathered through documentation, interviews, and observation using a descriptive qualitative technique. Participants in the study include Pasar Atas Bukittinggi vendors, some of whom have used Utsman Financing services and others who have not. Both internal and external factors impact traders' interest, according to the research. Reasoning and other internal variables, perception, learning, and attitude. Meanwhile, external factors consist of culture, social, and personal factors. The most influential factors are the motivation to avoid riba and a positive perception of Utsman Financing. In terms of external factors, personal factors (economic needs) and social factors (recommendations from the environment) have a significant influence. Cultural factors were found to have a relatively small influence on traders' interest in using Utsman Financing.

Impact of childhood adversity and resilience on behavioral outcomes: Well-being and parental support as mediators

This study investigated the relationships between childhood adversity, resilience, and behavioral outcomes in children aged 9–12 years, along with the mediating variables of well-being (an internal factor) and parental support (an environmental factor). We recruited 250 children (125 boys and 125 girls) from schools across districts of Punjab, India. Structural equation modeling results revealed there was a statistically significant relationship between adversity and resilience and that parental support was the primary mediator of this relationship. These findings highlight the significance of environmental factors, such as parents who help their children through hardship, and the relevance of internal factors that play an equal role in influencing behavioral outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Mediating role of relational capital in the influence of organizational culture on international project performance for construction enterprises

PurposeThis study investigates the influence of market and hierarchy organizational cultures on international project performance and examines the mediating role of relational capital.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews and a cross-sectional questionnaire survey were conducted to collect primary data within international projects. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses based on data collected from 62 respondents.FindingsThe results reveal that both market and hierarchy cultures affect international project performance positively. Additionally, communication, cooperation and trust help enhance project performance; however, commitment is not. This study also proves the mediating role of relational capital between organizational culture and project performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study selected only two types of organizational culture represented by Chinese construction enterprises. Future studies can explore the mediating role of relational capital between other varieties of organizational culture and project performance.Originality/valueGiven the high complexity and risks faced by projects abroad, both organizational culture, the internal environmental factor and relational capital being the external resource, are crucial for project success. This study clarifies the relationship between organizational culture, relational capital and project performance overseas. Empirical evidence to enhance international project performance for construction enterprises is provided. This study also makes contributions to international contractors who want to implement projects in developing countries.

Efektivitas Pembimbingan Kemasyarakatan Terhadap Anak Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Denpasar

Sexual harassment is a criminal offense that can cause harm in the form of trauma or embarrassment to the family or society. Children as perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual harassment who are still underage, need to receive serious attention from all walks of life.This is done to improve the mindset of the perpetrators, teach the perpetrators to do good and help the perpetrators meet the prevailing standard of living. This study uses empirical legal research methods. There are internal, external, and other factors that contribute to children committing sexual harassment offenses. External factors include emotional power and age, external factors consist of education, environment, alcohol and drugs, economy, and the internet. Meanwhile, other factors that support children to commit crimes of sexual harassment are children's low understanding of religion and the absence of parental oversight. The study's findings indicate that, in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, social counseling for child sexual harassment perpetrators has been working well and effectively. The absence demonstrates this repetition of criminal acts or recidivism. This happens because the process of guiding and supervising children who commit crimes of sexual harassment by social counselors has been running according to the rules that apply.

Kebijakan Hukum Dalam Menghadapi Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual dan Transgender (LGBT) Sebagai Suatu Penyimpangan Perilaku di Indonesia

Deviant behavior in the form of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) seems unavoidable. This behavior can target children, teenagers and even adults. With this phenomenon, it has negative impacts on community life. The problem is getting stronger when the phenomenon is published through social media and television shows. At least there are perpetrators of LGBT couples and other LGBT actions in Indonesia. This study uses a research method that is a normative legal research type. In normative legal research, the data used is secondary data. The secondary data contains primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Then the materials that have been collected are analyzed using a statute approach and a case approach. This study answers a problem, namely first. The implications of LGBT behavioral deviations in Indonesia can have an impact on the health, social, education and security of the Indonesian state. The factors can be caused by internal factors originating from oneself and the family environment and external factors originating from the external environment and social media and television or community groups and second. In the provisions of the existing laws and regulations, there are limits for LGBT, although they are not regulated concretely and explicitly, and future regulations will regulate deviant behavior for LGBT groups who intentionally commit sexual harassment in public, but there is still a need for comprehensive regulations that regulate LGBT.

The Effects of Various Internal and External Factors on the Movement of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study analyzed several factors that affect the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. The use of the inflation-currency rate, the availability of money, and the BI rate were all internal factors considered in this study. Meanwhile, the external factors used in this study were international gold and oil prices. The Engle-Granger Error Correction Model was used to analyze time series data in this study. The research used the monthly period started from May 2013 until January 2022. The long-term results of the research variables that could influence the exchange rate, total money supply, world oil prices, and world gold prices were all dependent on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the short-term movement of the ISSI exchange rates were inflation, and the BI rate variables.

Struggling for Islamic Caliphate in a Changing Malay Society

Despite being banned by the government, HTI continues to struggle for Islamic caliphate as a clandestine movement. This study is aimed to explain factors resulting in the relatively successful penetration of caliphate ideology in a changing Malay society, as represented by Bangka Belitung Archipelagic Province. It employed a qualitative approach through the library study of both offline and online data sources in order to gain a holistic comprehension of HTI’s success. The research results elaborate HTI’s mobilization strategies as the internal factor and the context of changing Malay society and the dysfunction of moderate socio-religious organizations as the external factor contribute to HTI’s success in the changing society. Mobilization strategies comprising the intensive implementation of religious learning and preaching, publication, public demonstration, good relation and network with local important figures, and the competent use of communication and information technology become effective in the context of changing Malay society reconstructing identity and seeking solutions to its social and economic problems. In addition, the dysfunction of moderate socio-religious organizations producing a theological vacuum accentuates HTI’s relative victory. Thus, the performance of HTI depends on its internal capabilities and external context and the function of socio-religious organizations in society.

Intercultural Communication in Adaptation Process to Minimize Culture Shock

Malang City has evolved into a prominent hub for students. Embracing this new role, it has become a sought-after destination for learners from outside Java who wish to pursue their education at local universities. The influx of international students brings a vibrant intercultural dynamic to the city, affecting both the local community and the students themselves. As these students undergo the adaptation process to integrate and thrive in their new environment, they often face challenges such as culture shock, which arises from insufficient preparation and knowledge about their new surroundings. Culture shock can be minimized in the process of student adaptation by the application of intercultural communication, which can bridge the constraints of understanding in society. This research aims to examine the impact of intercultural communication on the adaptation process of Hindu students in Malang City, focusing on how it can reduce the incidence of culture shock. Employing a qualitative-interpretative approach, the research gathers data through comprehensive and interactive interviews based on the informants' personal experiences. Informants are selected using purposive sampling, and data is analyzed using the Miles and Huberman framework, which involves data collection, reduction, and interpretation. The outcomes highlight that culture shock among Hindu students in Malang City is influenced by internal factors, including personal abilities, insufficient factual information, and experiences in intercultural social interactions. While external factors include language, food, customs, and climate. The phases of culture shock development in the adaptation process include the optimistic phase, cultural phase, recovery phase, and adjustment phase. The duration for students to transition from experiencing culture shock to achieving adaptation ranges from one month to a year. Effective intercultural communication plays a crucial role in this adaptation process, helping to reduce the impact of culture shock by facilitating stages of convergence, divergence, and maintenance.

Analisis Penerapan SAK EMKM Pada UMKM Fantastic Phone Gadget and Computer di Gunung Kidul

This research aimed to analyze the application of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) in Fantastic Phone Gadget and Computer MSMEs in Ngawen District, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected using observation, documentation, and interview techniques. Data analysis was then carried out using descriptive analysis techniques which began by describing the phenomena experienced by the research subjects, then analyzing using existing theories. The findings showed that Fantastic Phone Gadget and Computer has not prepared financial reports by SAK EMKM; they only prepared income and out cash records. The inhibiting factors for implementing SAK EMKM on Fantastic Phone Gadget and Computer consist of internal and external factors; some of the internal factors that become obstacles are the lack of understanding of accounting by the finance department, the lack of trained human resources, and time constraints. Meanwhile, the external factor is the absence of training or guidance on implementing SAK EMKM from the MSME service.

Factors Affecting the Development of Handicrafts Products at Donkeo Village, Luang Prabang City

The purpose of this research were to study the overall situation of producers in Donkeo village, and analyze factors affecting the handicraft products development of Donkeo village, Luang Prabang City. Quantitative methods were used, 40 questionnaires were delivered to the weavers, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used as analyses. The results showed that environmental factors overall using SWOT analysis were at a high level ( = 3.81). The five forces analysis showed overall was at a high level ( = 3.80). The degree of factors affecting the level of handicraft product development overall was high level ( = 4.00). The PEST analysis showed that overall was at a high level ( = 3.86). The factors affecting the level of handicraft product development overall were high level ( = 3.78). Environmental factors were affected by the results of the handicraft product development of Donkeo village in Luang Prabang City consisting of opportunity X3 (b=0.209). The competitiveness forces factors were affected by the results of the handicraft product development of Donkeo village in Luang Prabang City consisting of the threat of substitution (b=0.259), and competitive rivalry (b=0.259). Internal forces factors affected the results of the handicraft product development of Donkeo village in Luang Prabang city consisting of characteristics (b=0.204), and the external factors affected the results of the handicraft product development of Donkeo village in Luang Prabang city consists of economic (b=0.329).

Studies on the Preparation of a Microemulsion Formulation of Matricaria Recutita Essential Oil and the Treatment of 2,4-Dinitro-Chlorobenzene- Induced Eczema in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation.

Eczema, an inflammatory skin disease causing intense itching, is a function of a range of internal and external factors, impacting individuals of all ages and leading to economic loss. Inflammation is the most important manifestation of eczema, and Matricaria recutita essential oil (MREO) extracted from Matricaria recutita possesses excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, Matricaria recutita microemulsions were prepared by the trans-phase emulsification method and their stability was determined by evaluating the relevant indexes. Establishment of 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene-induced AD model in mice. Detection of serum indexes of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, and on pathological tissue sections, the HE staining, toluidine blue staining, immunohistochemistry, and observation were performed. The study obtained optimal conditions for the preparation of microemulsion formulations of Matricaria recutita. Through quality evaluation, it was found that the microemulsion increased stability, reduced irritation, and retained anti-inflammatory activity and therapeutic effects on eczema compared to Matricaria recutita essential oil (MREO). Studies have demonstrated that microemulsion formulations of Matricaria recutita and Matricaria recutita significantly down regulate the proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6. It was shown by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining that both Matricaria recutita essential oil (MREO) and Matricaria recutita microemulsion (MRME) improved the inflammatory status of eczematous skin tissues in mice. The number of mast cells expressed in the tissues was decreased in the surface-treated group, as shown by toluidine blue staining. Additionally, the number of mast cells expressed in the tissues in the surface-treated group was reduced, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that MREO and MRME have immunomodulatory effects on the tissues. The study showed that microemulsion formulations of Matricaria recutita may serve as a novel remedy for eczema.

The Use of Simulation in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Follow-Up Survey.

This study investigates changes in the prevalence and practice of simulation in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) education. It is a follow-up to a 2015 survey on the same topic. Given the changes in program certification standards and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical education programs across the United States, re-examination of simulation in CSD is warranted. An online questionnaire was developed to survey university programs accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. University program directors and clinical directors received recruitment e-mails using QuestionPro, an online survey platform. The recruitment e-mail contained the purpose of the study and a link to the online questionnaire along with instructions to forward the survey to the appropriate designee. The consent form was then embedded in the questionnaire. The results of this survey indicated changes in patterns and the use of simulation in clinical education for CSD. Results indicated an overall increase in the use of simulations, specifically in computer-based simulations. Distance simulation as a hybrid technology proved a major addition to clinical education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. External and internal factors affecting the use of simulations in CSD were identified. The use of simulation to supplement clinical education in CSD has evolved in recent years. These changes are likely due in part to changes in certification standards in the profession, an increase in awareness and training, and reliance on distance simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.