Internal Organizational Structure Research Articles

Non-Destructive and Micro-Invasive Techniques for Characterizing the Ancient Roman Mosaic Fragments

The color characteristics, vibration spectra, phase and mineral composition, internal structural organization of several fragments of the ancient Roman mosaics from the Roman Mosaic Museum, Constanta, Romania were studied by non-destructive (Chromatic analysis, Neutron Diffraction, Neutron Tomography) and micro-invasive techniques (Optical Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Wavelength Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence). These investigations were performed in order to characterize the original Roman mosaic fragments. The major and minor phase components of the studied mosaic fragments were determined, the crystal structure of the main phases was analyzed, and their three-dimension spatial arrangement was reconstructed. The similar composition of the major phases of all mosaic fragments can indicate a generic recipe for making mosaic elements, but minor phases were presumably added for coloring of mosaic pieces. Some degradation areas inside the volume of the mosaic fragments were found by means of neutron diffraction and neutron tomography methods. These degradation areas are probably related to the formation of iron hydroxides during chemical interactions of mosaic fragments with the sea and urban polluted atmosphere.

Bank Liquidity Creation, Regulations, and Credit Risk

AbstractThis study employs bank‐level data covering 3007 individual banks (commercial, savings, and others) in 27 Asian countries to investigate the determinants of bank liquidity creation, considering four conditional factors over the period 1999–2013: credit risk, deposit insurance, financial market regulations, and bank reforms. Bank liquidity creation is shown to be statistically and economically significantly positively related to real economic output, as well as illiquid assets and core deposits. Larger banks increase their liquid assets ratio, but decrease their credit commitment. Countries implementing an explicit deposit insurance scheme may lead to moral hazard and excessive bank risk taking. If supervisory authorities can force a bank to change its internal organizational structure, or have more power to take legal action against external auditors for negligence, or increase capital requirements, then banks generally reduce their lending activities. Nevertheless, larger banks are able to increase liquid assets and lending to those countries with stricter financial regulations.

Defensa de los recursos forestales: el movimiento social en la comunidad de Cherán, Michoacán, México

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la estructura organizativa del movimiento social (MS) emprendido por la comunidad de Cherán, Michoacán, para la defensa de sus recursos forestales ante el saqueo orquestado por talamontes vinculados con la delincuencia organizada. Este movimiento fue analizado a la luz de la teoría de movilización de recursos (TMR). Para la recolección de datos, se aplicaron cuarenta entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros de las organizaciones y otros actores que participaron en el movimiento. La formalización de las estructuras tradicionales de organización y la movilización del derecho fueron las dos fuerzas principales que dieron lugar al reconocimiento a la libre determinación de esta comunidad.

Análisis preliminar del proceso de reasentamiento del poblado de Chamela, Costa Sur de Jalisco

El turismo es una estrategia para la acumulación capitalista en los espacios rurales, al expulsar a las comunidades de sus territorios y despojarlas de sus medios de vida. En este artículo documentamos el caso de la reubicación de Chamela, un poblado en la zona litoral de Jalisco conformado por aproximadamente cincuenta familias de pescadores, las cuales fueron desalojadas para la construcción de un complejo turístico llamado Zafiro, que abarcará aproximadamente 910 hectáreas.El caso de Chamela, refleja cómo el reasentamiento por proyectos turísticos es una maniobra para romper con la estructura interna de la comunidad, socavar su autonomía económica y generar dependencia a estas empresas de servicios, que reconfiguran completamente el territorio en función de sus necesidades.

Fashion and Institutions: The AIIA and the Ready-to-Wear Industry in Italy (1945–1975)

The Italian Clothing Industry Association (AIIA) was the first employers’ association founded to protect the interests of the nascent Italian ready-to-wear industry. According to the literature on the subject, there were three factors that allowed business interest associations (BIAs) to operate effectively at a meso-organizational level: their internal organizational structure, the activities of bureaucratic support of companies and lobbying in defense of entrepreneurs’ interests, as well as the ability to adapt to the more general context in which they worked. Based on a detailed empirical analysis, this article examines what the AIIA accomplished in each of these three areas. There are two objectives: (1) analyzing the circumstances that led the AIIA to fail in its purposes of representing the Italian ready-to-wear industry, and (2) investigating, in a typical creative industry, the hidden costs in terms of competitiveness of BIAs’ planning efforts and their consequences for the creation of an efficient and internationally competitive fashion system.

University–industry interactions in the Sultanate of Oman: Challenges and opportunities

University–industry (U–I) interactions are increasingly seen as critical components of national innovation systems and for building knowledge economies in developed and developing countries alike. Considering the Triple Helix (TH) model of innovation and the university–business cooperation framework, we report the results of a study on the current state of and barriers to U–I interactions in Oman. The study is based on a qualitative review of published higher education institute (HEI) quality audit reports and questionnaire surveys of HEIs and industry. It is suggested that Oman’s innovation system is currently based on the ‘statist’ model with some initiatives taking place to transition it towards the ‘integrated’ TH model. The results show that U–I interactions are mainly education-related, with limited emphasis on research and valorisation activities. Barriers identified include initiation and awareness constraints, limited funding, internal organisational culture and structure and industry’s limited absorptive capacity.

New Research in the Military History of the Late Rome and early Byzantium. A review of : Mekhamadiev, E. A. (2019). A Military Organization of the Later Roman Empire in 253–353 AD: From Emperor Gallienus’ Reforms to the Age of the Tetrarchy (253–305). St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie Publishers. 406 p.

This paper states that the monograph published E. A. Mekhamadiev, a researcher from St. Petersburg, is a fundamental study of the Later Roman military organization, with especial attention to the epigraphic and papyrological accounts. The use of these sources allows the author to reconstruct the history of specific military units, their spatial movements, participation in various military campaigns and wars, and changes in their ranks. Important is that Mekhamadiev examined the internal (organizational) structure of all regional armies of the Roman empire from 253 to 305 and not restricted himself to specific and narrow aspects of history of a particular province or country. The author of the book under present review has analysed the data related to both the eastern and the western imperial provinces, discovered close interrelations of the western and eastern provinces, and indicated permanent movements of the military units from the west to east and in the opposite direction depending on the geopolitical and home political situation.

Customized Smart Andon System to Improve the Efficiency of Industrial Departments

A customized industrial system to realize the supporting requests in manufacturing lines with detailed statistical information is presented. Also called customized smart Andon system. The system is based on a software and hardware design customized for particular industry needs according to the internal organizational structure. The results of the projection are that Andon system permits an important reduction of the time required for attending and finishing whatever problem in the manufacturing line.

FUNCTIONING OF ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE IN TRANSNISTRY (1941–1944)(ACCORDING TO THE SBU MATERIALS)

The article aims to elucidate the unknown aspect – the establishment, development and investigation of Soviet special services Romanian intelligence and counterintelligence agencies acting in Bucovyna governorate, Transnistria (1941 – 1944). On the basis of unknown and little-known documents, the administrative-territorial, intra-organizational structure of the Romanian special bodies, their personnel structure, main directions and principles of activity are revealed. The article aims to elucidate the unknown aspect – the establishment, development and investigation of Soviet special services Romanian intelligence and counterintelligence agencies acting in Bucovyna governorate, Transnistria (1941–1944). Due to newly discovered, recently secret materials of Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in Bukovyna governorate and Transnistria it was managed to establish the functioning of an inspectorate of safety (“Inspectorul de siguranţă”), a police department (“Kesture de Police”), a department of gendarmerie (“Inspectoratul al Jandarmeriei”), the Military Security Division of the Romanian Army (“Military siguranţă”). On the basis of these documents administrative-territorial, internal organizational structure of Romanian intelligence and counterintelligence bodies were reconstructed, the main principles of operation and activities were highlighted. At the same time, it can be stated that Romanian law enforcement agencies carried out effective, coordinated (despite the fact that quite often the functions of these bodies were duplicated) intelligence and counterintelligence work on the territory of Bukovyna governorate and Transnistria. At the same time, we can say that the Romanian law enforcement agencies in the territory of the Bukovina Governorate and Transnistria carried out effective, coordinated (despite the fact that the functions of these bodies were often duplicated) intelligence and counterintelligence work.

幫权结構下的华人社团: 以马来西亞文冬华人大会堂为例

Southeast Asian Chinese society is based on “Pang”, which can be simply understood as various geo-based ethnic/dialect communities. “The Power Structure of Pang Politics” is the internal organization structure of each community and the relationships between various “Pangs” consist of both competition and cooperation. Same with the Malaysian Chinese society as a whole, the Malaysian Bentong Chinese society is also a “Pang” co-existing society, with Cantonese (Guangdong) community, Hokkien (Fujian) community, Hakka community, Kwangsi (Guangxi) community and Hailam (Hainan) community. Even now, this “Pang” phenomenon still exists. The five comuunities (the Chinese called them “Wu Pang”) set up various associations with different ties between one and others. The Bentong Chinese Town Hall (Huatang in short form) was established by the five comuunities with the support of the British colonial government. The initial purpose was to reduce “Pang” fighting and maintain order and stability in the Chinese community. It is the highest leading organization of Bentong Chinese associations, and it is also the most typical “inter-Pang” organization. In this organization, the competition and cooperation between various communities was most directly presented, which is a typical case for the study of the power structure of “Pang”. Huatang was established a century ago under the background of competing and fighting between “Pangs”in Bentong, and the need to forge cooperation. Since then, based on the size of the communities, as well as the strength of their political and economic impacts, the various “Pangs” took their turn respectively to lead the Huatang during different periods of history, including the aiding China and resistance against Japanese aggression, Post World War II recovery, Emergency Period and independence of Malaysia until today, made the Huatang played different social functions in different time periods.

A systematic review on supply chain risk management: using the strategy-structure-process-performance framework

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on the supply chain risk management (SCRM) in the concepts of strategy, structure, process, and performance (SSPP). Using the EBSCO, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS databases and a combination of SCRM keywords, 2851 articles were identified from the journals in year 2001–2017. Using the SSPP framework, 174 articles were reviewed as the basis for the analysis. This study firstly fits a matrix of ‘redundant-flexible’ organisational design with internal and external organisational structures and processes. Using this framework, supply chain scholars and managers may discuss the organisational fit of SCRM operations comprehensively. It also identifies the new areas for further studies.

Advanced microscopy analysis of the micro-nanoscale architecture of human menisci

The complex inhomogeneous architecture of the human meniscal tissue at the micro and nano scale in the absence of artefacts introduced by sample treatments has not yet been fully revealed. The knowledge of the internal structure organization is essential to understand the mechanical functionality of the meniscus and its relationship with the tissue’s complex structure. In this work, we investigated human meniscal tissue structure using up-to-date non-invasive imaging techniques, based on multiphoton fluorescence and quantitative second harmonic generation microscopy complemented with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy measurements. Observations on 50 meniscal samples extracted from 6 human menisci (3 lateral and 3 medial) revealed fundamental features of structural morphology and allowed us to quantitatively describe the 3D organisation of elastin and collagen fibres bundles. 3D regular waves of collagen bundles are arranged in “honeycomb-like” cells that are comprised of pores surrounded by the collagen and elastin network at the micro-scale. This type of arrangement propagates from macro to the nanoscale.

A structural insight into the Chelyabinsk meteorite: neutron diffraction, tomography and Raman spectroscopy study

The internal structural organization and phase composition of a fragment of the Chelyabinsk meteorite have been studied using neutron diffraction, tomography methods, optical microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The bulk mineral composition of the meteorite and spatial distribution of different components were determined. In addition to previously found phases of olivine, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and troilite, the obtained data of optical microscopy and neutron diffraction provide evidence of the presence of kamacite phase in the studied meteorite fragment. The heterogeneous distribution of the iron in the olivine and orthopyroxene phases was observed, the morphological calculations were used to analyze the spatial arrangement of metal components.

Coesione territoriale e coesione interna nelle Aree Interne: questioni di governance d'area

The 2007 Lisbon Treaty stimulated new discourses related with the concept of territorial cohesion. The importance of adopting a place-based approach to such policies emerged, putting people living in places at the center of the discourse. As a consequence, not only multi-level governance, but also the complex internal organizational structures of communities (local governance) do matter. In the framework of the Italian cohesion policy, specifically within the National Strategy for Inner Areas, this article discusses the governance structures of an experimental area, the Simeto Valley in Sicily, arguing the importance of adopting specific organizational structures and processes of local learning for successful outcomes of place-based cohesion policies.

LASSI: A lattice model for simulating phase transitions of multivalent proteins.

Many biomolecular condensates form via spontaneous phase transitions that are driven by multivalent proteins. These molecules are biological instantiations of associative polymers that conform to a so-called stickers-and-spacers architecture. The stickers are protein-protein or protein-RNA interaction motifs and / or domains that can form reversible, non-covalent crosslinks with one another. Spacers are interspersed between stickers and their preferential interactions with solvent molecules determine the cooperativity of phase transitions. Here, we report the development of an open source computational engine known as LASSI (LAttice simulation engine for Sticker and Spacer Interactions) that enables the calculation of full phase diagrams for multicomponent systems comprising of coarse-grained representations of multivalent proteins. LASSI is designed to enable computationally efficient phenomenological modeling of spontaneous phase transitions of multicomponent mixtures comprising of multivalent proteins and RNA molecules. We demonstrate the application of LASSI using simulations of linear and branched multivalent proteins. We show that dense phases are best described as droplet-spanning networks that are characterized by reversible physical crosslinks among multivalent proteins. We connect recent observations regarding correlations between apparent stoichiometry and dwell times of condensates to being proxies for the internal structural organization, specifically the convolution of internal density and extent of networking, within condensates. Finally, we demonstrate that the concept of saturation concentration thresholds does not apply to multicomponent systems where obligate heterotypic interactions drive phase transitions. This emerges from the ellipsoidal structures of phase diagrams for multicomponent systems and it has direct implications for the regulation of biomolecular condensates in vivo.

3D models related to the publication: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids.

3D models related to the publication: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids.

3D models related to the publication: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids.

3D models related to the publication: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids.

From organised anarchy to de‐coupled bureaucracy: The transformation of university organisation

AbstractBased on key governance and organisational characteristics from the 1970s universities have been conceptualised as organised anarchies and loosely coupled systems. More recently, a number of studies have argued that universities have been changing their internal governance and organisational structures leading to tighter vertical steering and the emergence of more integrated organisations. In this article, it is argued that while tighter vertical integration indeed might be observed, this does not necessarily imply greater horizontal integration in university organising as well. By drawing on case studies of five research‐intensive universities in five different countries, we discuss how strengthened hierarchical governance is driving increased organisational specialisation and professionalisation, but that this also may result in horizontal de‐coupling within universities. The article ends by a discussion of the positive and negative implications of coupled, de‐coupled and loosely coupled organisations.

The Co-evolution of Organizational and Network Structure: The Role of Multilevel Mixing and Closure Mechanisms

We present a dynamic multilevel framework for analyzing the mutual dependence of change in interorganizational networks and internal organizational structure. Change occurring at the former (interorganizational) level involves decisions to change the portfolio of network ties to external partners. Change occurring in the latter (intraorganizational) level involves decisions to change the portfolio of internal activities. We estimate a recently derived class of stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs) that we adopt and adapt to specify how decisions to change internal portfolios of activities and external portfolios of partners are connected by theoretically derived multilevel mechanisms that link organizational and network structures. We show that statistical models for multilevel networks reproduce with high fidelity the structural regularities observed in the distribution of (a) activities within organizations, (b) network ties between organizations, and (c) knowledge available in the organizational field. We discuss the implications of the study for theory development, and for empirical research on interorganizational and other kinds of multilevel networks.

МETHODICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT AND MODERN ASSESSMENT OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The global model of managing sports activities within secondary schools is influenced by several factors, such as: external and internal environment, organizational structure, individual and group priorities. The process of organizing them leads to the creation of a management program, which determines how the task is set, how resources are used, and how it interacts with work and development. We associate the improvement of sport activities at secondary schools in our case with the determinants of the environment and with the management of the teaching - methodical work at the classes in high schools themselves. Bearing in mind that secondary schools need to adapt to external global change and that they need to be competitive in society, the recognition of sport as an opportunity for promotion of schools and its methodical improvement is a peculiarity that needs to be nurtured at the state and every single high school separately. Therefore, this paper aims to present a methodological electronic approach to management and assessment, adapted to our curricula and annual planning by the Bureau for education development in Republic of Macedonia. The assigned tasks were realized through: determining the grading scale for the students (male and female), selection of elements from the program for sport and sports activities for every year of the four-grade education of the students, the level of fulfillment and the number of repetitions of the elements depending on which grade students are placed, supplementing the points with absences and activity of students, as well as a main study of the process of managing and grading with the help of a high school student.Hypothesis: This kind of work will have an advantage of the teachers in sport and sport activities (by setting a clean methodological position for managing teaching process in front of the students and their parents), as well as the advantage for the high school students who will be informed at the beginning of the school year for sport items, games and exercises that will be evaluated, and they will be able to work and improve them throughout the year.Results: The electronic system as shown by EXCEL table for student assessment of sport and sport activities at secondary schools, their activitys and absences at classes in the subject. The graphic representation of the assessment and the values of the results of the various elements fully explain the management program in which the system operates. The key study is confirmation of the process that has been implemented for five years in the Secondary Electrotechnical School of the City of Skopje "Mihajlo Pupin" - Skopje. The form in which the model is presented is the same for everyone, but the curricular planning depends on the grade in which the teacher is working and on the school the teacher plans the program activity.Conclusion: The weakness of the Macedonian sports culture is identified with the deficiency of management processes in the field of school sport and sport activities in the entire education system in our country. The research is a result of years of analysis and shows that this model of organization and electronic assessment can be used in all gymnasiums and all vocational secondary schools in the Republic of Macedonia, whether students are include in three or four grade of education.