Internal Sources Research Articles

Европейская культурная традиция и мы: идеи М.К. Петрова

The subject of the article is the main problems of the European cultural tradition, considered by M.K. Petrov, and the questions of its specificity and continuity in the historical development from ancient philosophy to experimental sci­ence raised by him. The historical and philosophical context of his formation of the original theory of types of cultures is reconstructed. The rejection of He­gelian panlogism and the position on the universality of a linear development that is uniform for all cultures raises the question of the internal sources of cul­tural development. The article shows that Petrov is looking for answers on the paths of linguistics and the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. Turning to ancient philosophy allows Petrov to reconstruct the intellectual events caused by the emergence of language as a human invention, which broke ties with the former world of stable meanings and opened up the space for the emancipa­tion of the word and the desacralization of knowledge. In this context, the article examines a number of controversial issues about the biocode and sociocode, the name and sign that allowed them to remain the center of an extra-biological system of social coding, and about the diversity of cultures in a polycentric world. Questions are raised about the correlation of Petrov’s positions and mo­dern cultural anthropology

Business Intelligence Implementation for Groceries Commodity Price Data Analytics

As a startup company specializing in agricultural technology, currently PT XYZ does not have any effective and integrated tools to analyze groceries commodity for purchase and sale data-driven decision making. This research will integrating multiple data sources for accurate analysis, tailoring the business intelligence (BI) system to PT XYZ’s specific needs, and developing a robust solution that supports comprehensive decision-making. BI implementation solution will be developed using Pentaho Data Integration & Apache Superset. Applied research used as its method, that contains processes to gather user requirements to gather user needs from each information, design the solution, and dashboard development. The study focused on analyzing data from both internal sources, such as purchase and sales transactions, and external sources, including market price data, using these BI tools to provide comprehensive insights. The developed dashboard contains several sections that allow users to see price recommendation price and get the insight for the last seven days trend, monitor the market position, see team performance, and find the summary about estimated and actual margin comparison. Pentaho successfully handled ETL and data modeling, while Apache Superset enabled straightforward dashboard setup, though chart customization is limited.

Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Purified GC/C/IRMS Doping Control Method: Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Sources in Urine Samples from Asian Subjects Administered a Low Dose of AICAR

AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide ribonucleoside), as a metabolic modulator, is classified in the S4 category by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Carbon Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CIR) is the mainstream method for distinguishing the endogenous and exogenous sources of AICAR in urine due to the significant individual difference in the concentration. The purpose of this study is to establish a gas chromatography combustion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) method for AICAR based on efficient two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC) separation. MethodIn this study, an automated 2D-HPLC separation technique was used to separate and purify AICAR and endogenous reference substances in urine samples. Then, AICAR was derivatized with 3-TMS as the main derivative product, while the endogenous reference compounds remained in their original form. Subsequently, the developed GC/C/IRMS method was utilized for the detection of the target and reference substances. Followed, we evaluated the applicability of this method using urine samples from two Asian males administered a low dose of AICAR (3 grams). ResultsThe advantages of this study include: 1) reduced sample pretreatment time: the established 2D-HPLC separation method can separate the target and endogenous reference substances in one step; 2) low interference: the isotope chromatograms have low background interference, and the separation of endogenous reference substances is purer; 3) more accurate result calculations: this method only requires derivatization and result correction for AICAR, with the endogenous reference substances measured in their original form, reducing biases from corrections of multiple substances. The detection method performed well, with a concentriton limit of 2500 ng/mL, meeting the needs of routine detection concentrations. The CIR results from volunteer samples indicated that samples collected within 16 hours post-administration exceeded the threshold set in the literature. ConclusionThis study successfully established a 2D-HPLC-GC/IRMS method that integrates CIR as the most stable indicator for distinguishing the internal and external sources of AICAR. After administering a low dose of AICAR to the Asian population, exogenous drug characteristics were manifested within 16 hours. This observation, when compared to the 40-hour detection window cited in the literature, suggests that the length of the detection window is positively correlated with the dosage of the test drug.

Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification

AbstractTotal alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO2‐induced acidification and CO2 uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 μmol kg−1 yr−1), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 μmol kg−1 yr−1). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO2 uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO2 outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO2‐induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.

Funding sources, colonial legacy, and new firms’ creation in Africa

This study examines the determinants of new firm creation in Africa, focusing on external and internal funding sources and their interactions. It also explores the influence of colonial history by separately analyzing former British and French colonies. The primary goal is to help fill crucial gaps in African literature on the determinants of entrepreneurship. Given Africa's widespread poverty and underdevelopment, understanding what drives entrepreneurship is essential for job creation and economic growth. The study reveals three key findings. First, at the full sample level, remittances are the only external financing source positively associated with new firm creation, while foreign aid and foreign direct investment obstacle it. Internal sources, like savings and credit, do not show significant effects. Second, the subsample analysis reveals heterogeneous results: former British colonies' funding sources align with the overall findings, while in former French colonies, only savings support entrepreneurship. Third, considering control variables, the subsample analysis indicates two distinct entrepreneurship models: opportunity-based in former British colonies and necessity-based in former French colonies. These findings are noteworthy and provide significant policy implications at both national and international levels. Crucially, the positive role of remittances in financing new business initiatives, confirms that migration serves as a mutually beneficial arrangement for both sending African countries and the host countries.

Instability of penetrative convection in a vertical porous layer with non-Dirichlet temperature conditions

The linear stability of penetrative convection in a differentially heated vertical porous layer with non-Dirichlet boundary conditions on the perturbed temperature field is investigated. The penetrative convection is realized through a uniform internal heating in a porous medium. The instability-driving parameters are the Darcy-Rayleigh number, dimensionless internal heat source strength, the Prandtl-Darcy number, and the Biot number. Neutral stability curves and the critical values of the Darcy-Rayleigh number, the wave number, and the wave speed are computed numerically by employing the Chebyshev collocation method. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the onset of thermal instability, focusing on the effects of transitioning temperature boundary conditions from Dirichlet to Neumann. A novel finding is the emergence of bi-modal or tri-modal neutral stability curves, which unveil distinct onset modes arising from the combined effects of a heat source and the transition of boundary conditions from isothermal to adiabatic. The threshold value of the Biot number, at which the transition to instability occurs, shows a significant dependence on the internal heat source strength and this threshold value diminishes as the Prandtl-Darcy number attains higher values. Moreover, increase in the Biot number advances the onset of convection, while the Prandtl-Darcy number is found to exert both stabilizing and destabilizing influences on the stability of the base flow.

Investigation on reconstruction of internal heat source in biological tissue based on multi-island genetic algorithm

With the rapid development of engineering thermophysics, researches on human biological heat transfer phenomena has gradually shifted from qualitative to quantitative. It is a typical inverse problem of heat conduction that deriving the distribution of internal heat sources from the temperature distribution on the body surface. Differing from traditional numerical methods for solving heat conduction, this paper transforms such an inverse problem of bio-heat transfer into a direct one, thereby avoiding complex boundary conditions and regularization processes. To noninvasively reconstruct the internal heat source and its corresponding 3D temperature field in biological tissue, the multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is used in the simulation module, where the position P(x, y, z) of point heat source in biological tissue and its corresponding temperature T are set as the optimization variables. Under a certain optimized sample, one can obtain the simulated temperature distributing on the surface of the module, then subtract the simulated temperature from the measured temperature of the same surface which was measured using a thermal infrared imager. If the absolute value of the difference is smaller, it indicates that the current sample is closer to the true location and temperature of the heat source. When the values of optimization variables are determined, the corresponding 3D temperature field is also confirmed. The simulation results show the experimental and simulation temperature values of 15.5Ω resistor are 60.75°C and 62.15 °C respectively, with the error of 2.31 %, and those of 30.5Ω resistor are 84.40 °C and 86.33°C respectively, with the error of 2.29 %. The simulated positions are very approximate with those of the real experimental module. The method presented in this paper has enormous potential and promising prospects in clinical research and application, such as tumor hyperthermia, disease thermal diagnosis technology, etc.

Thermodynamic and economic comparisons of supercritical water oxidation and gasification of oily sludge under hydrothermal flames

Dual-shell reactors using hydrothermal flames as internal heat source were proposed for supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and oxidation (SCWO) of oily sludge to achieve fast preheating and avoid corrosion, salt plugging, and overheating. The SCWG and SCWO systems with hydrogen-rich syngas and electricity outputs, respectively, were established and simulated using Aspen Plus 11. Simulation models were validated by comparing with experimental products and temperature profiles. The maximum exergy destruction coefficients of 28.01% and 24.31% appear in the combustion reactor for both the SCWG and SCWO systems, respectively, indicating the indirect preheating method with hydrothermal flame is critical to the energy efficiency. The increase of reaction temperature promotes hydrogen but inhibits methane formation in the SCWG, and more steam but less syngas is output at higher reaction temperatures. Although more steam and electricity outputs are present at higher reaction temperatures for the SCWO, more fuel input is required. Lower exergy efficiencies are obtained at higher reaction temperatures in both the SCWG and SCWO systems for more energy is output as low grade steam. Less fuel input is required for both the SCWG and SCWO systems at higher feed concentrations, and higher exergy efficiencies can be obtained. The net treatment cost for the SCWG and SCWO systems are 119.19 and 215.47 USD/t, respectively, indicating the SCWG is more economically competitive compared with the SCWO.

Infection characteristics among Serratia marcescens capsule lineages.

Serratia marcescens is a healthcare-associated pathogen that causes bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. The capsule polysaccharide of S. marcescens is a critical fitness determinant during infection and recent work established the relationship between capsule locus (KL) genetic sequences within the species. Strains belonging to KL1 and KL2 capsule clades produce sialylated polysaccharides and represent the largest subpopulation of isolates from clinical origin while the S. marcescens type strain and other environmental isolates were classified as KL5. In this work, the contribution of these and other capsules to pathogenesis in multiple infection models was determined. Using a murine tail vein injection model of bacteremia, clinical strains demonstrated capsule-dependent colonization of spleen, liver, and kidney following inoculation. The KL5 strain, in contrast, exhibited no loss of survival in this model when capsule genes were deleted. Furthermore, the wild-type KL5 strain was cleared more rapidly from both the spleen and liver compared to a KL1 strain. Similar results were observed in a bacteremic pneumonia model in that all tested strains of clinical origin demonstrated a requirement for capsule in both the primary lung infection site and for bloodstream dissemination to other organs. Finally, strains from each KL clade were tested for the role of capsule in internalization by bone marrow-derived macrophages. Only the sialylated KL1 and KL2 clade strains, representing the majority of clinical isolates, exhibited capsule-dependent inhibition of internalization, suggesting that capsule-mediated resistance to macrophage phagocytosis may enhance survival and antibacterial defenses during infection.

To talk or to remain silent? Foreign language enjoyment and perceived classroom climate as drivers of change in Chinese EFL learners’ willingness to communicate: a latent growth curve analysis

ABSTRACT Classroom communication helps learners ameliorate their language proficiency, particularly speaking skills. Considering this, factors that bring favorable variations in language learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) need to be identified. To address this need, many SLA researchers have strived to disclose the predictors or antecedents of L2 learners’ WTC. However, no researcher has examined the internal and external sources of this variable and the growth of L2 learners’ WTC via complexity-informed approaches. To bridge the gaps, using latent growth curve analysis (LGCA), the present study investigated the rate of change in Chinese EFL learners’ WTC at the beginning, middle, and the end of the semester and measured the role of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and perceived classroom climate in predicting Chinese EFL learners’ WTC. To accomplish this, three self-report scales were administered to 894 EFL learners at three different times. Results indicated that Chinese EFL learners’ WTC significantly increased during the semester and uncovered that FLE and perceived classroom climate brought positive and significant variations in Chinese EFL learners’ WTC. The findings would be of great help to language teachers, notably English teachers, in raising L2 learners’ WTC.

Amphiphilic Cationic Carbon Dots for Efficient Delivery of Light-Dependent Herbicide.

The inefficient delivery of herbicides causes unpleasant side effects on the ecological environment. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides rely on the presence of external light to exert the activities and thus their performance in the field is extremely susceptible to the light environment. Here, taking acifluorfen (ACI) as a model PPO-inhibiting herbicide to enhance efficacy by boosting the utilization rate of sunlight, amphiphilic cationic CDs (CPC-CDs) from cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a precursor, is first prepared as a supplementary light source generator, and subsequently co-assembled with ACI through non-covalent bond interactions to obtain the stable fluorescent nanoparticles (ACI@CPC-CDs). ACI@CPC-CDs with fascinating physicochemical properties can penetrate the leaves of weeds through the stomata and undergo a long-distance transport in the cell intervals. Under low light intensity, CPC-CDs can be applied as the internal light source to promote the formation of more singlet oxygen to damage the leaf cell membrane, consequently improving the herbicidal activity of ACI. Moreover, the safety evaluation of ACI@CPC-CDs demonstrates no risk to non-target organisms and the environment. Therefore, this work offers a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of light-dependent PPO-inhibiting herbicides and opens new insights into the application of CDs in the development of sustainable agriculture.

Using fins to enhance heat transfer of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries immersed in electrical insulating oil

This work focused on designing the heat dissipation fins for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries to quickly transfer the heat generated inside the battery to the surrounding immersed insulating oil. The measured instantaneous heat generation rate of a single battery at the discharge rates of 1.0C and 1.5C was adopted as the internal heat source to simulate the surface temperature field of two series and two parallel (2S2P) battery modules immersed in insulating oil in three-dimensional space, respectively. The numerical simulation method has been validated by experimental results, indicating that the scheme of using this internal heat source is feasible. Then, this method was continued to be used to simulate the temperature rise characteristics during higher rate 2.5C discharge processes when the heat transfer was enhanced by circular or serrated fins. The cooling effects of three heat exchange enhancement methods (no fins, circular fins, and serrated fins) were compared under the operating conditions of 25 °C ambient temperature, and 1 g·s−1 rated insulation oil circulation mass flow rate. The maximum temperatures of the batteries in the module were 40.3 °C, 38.4 °C, and 37.5 °C, respectively. The maximum temperature differences between the batteries in the module were 1.63 °C, 1.59 °C, and 1.51 °C, respectively. Therefore, the serrated fins had the best thermal management effect. The orthogonal method was used to analyze the influence of the external structure and quantity of fins, as well as the insulation oil circulation mass flow rate, on heat transfer efficiency, and it was determined that the most significant factor is the mass flow rate of insulation oil. The final optimal parameters suitable for the 2S2P battery module were obtained, which were 16 serrated fins for each battery, with a fin height of 6 mm, a fin width of 3 mm, and a mass flow rate of 7 g·s−1.

Achievement of safer learning facilities standards in the disaster safe education unit program at Panggang elementary school

This study aims to discover and describe the achievement of safer learning facility standards for the disaster safe education unit program at Panggang elementary school, Bambanglipuro. This study is a descriptive evaluative research mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory strategy. The sampling technique was carried out with saturated samples. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires. Data validity uses internal validation, technical triangulation, and source triangulation. Quantitative data analysis uses a percentage formula calculation according to Sugiyono, while qualitative data analysis uses an interactive analysis model. However, each aspect still has gaps. The gaps that occur are not too significant, but still affect the achievement of safer learning facilities. Efforts are needed from Panggang elementary school Bambanglipuro to reduce or even eliminate existing gaps so that safe learning facilities in the disaster safe education unit program can be fully achieved. Keywords: program evaluation, disaster safe education unit program, safer learning facilities

The Relationship between Retained Earnings and Financial Performance of Listed Non-Financial Firms: An Econometrics Examination

Internal funding sources such as retained earnings provide minimize information asymmetry in addition to being cheap and convenient for ailing firms such as listed non-financial firms trading at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Research has however failed to do document precisely how the potential inherent in retained earnings can be exploited to improve financial performance of such firms in the long run. Therefore, this research conducted among 42 non-financial firms listed on the exchange explores the relationship between retained earnings and financial performance from an econometrics perspective. The study is anchored on the Pecking Order Theory, and employs the panel data research design founded in the positivist research paradigm, with data covering the time interval 2016 to 2022 inclusive. Data is sourced purposively from the annual reports of the non-financial sector, including agricultural firms, automobiles and accessories, commercial & services, construction & allied, energy & petroleum, insurance, investment, investment services, manufacturing & allied, telecommunication, and real estate investment trust. The research uses the fixed effects model under panel regression to show a positive and significant relationship between retained earnings and financial performance, and particularly the ultimate direct influence that retained earnings have on financial performance of listed nonfinancial firms. Therefore nonfinancial sector stakeholders should seek to leverage retained earnings to enhance financial performance and achieve resilience in the volatile market conditions, while scholars should seek to enhance external validity of these findings by replicating them in other study contexts. Keywords: Information asymmetry, retained earnings, financial performance, nonfinancial firms, Securities exchange, Econometrics, Panel data.

Deciphering the dynamics: Exploring the impact of mechanical forces on histone acetylation.

Living cells navigate a complex landscape of mechanical cues that influence their behavior and fate, originating from both internal and external sources. At the molecular level, the translation of these physical stimuli into cellular responses relies on the intricate coordination of mechanosensors and transducers, ultimately impacting chromatin compaction and gene expression. Notably, epigenetic modifications on histone tails govern the accessibility of gene-regulatory sites, thereby regulating gene expression. Among these modifications, histone acetylation emerges as particularly responsive to the mechanical microenvironment, exerting significant control over cellular activities. However, the precise role of histone acetylation in mechanosensing and transduction remains elusive due to the complexity of the acetylation network. To address this gap, our aim is to systematically explore the key regulators of histone acetylation and their multifaceted roles in response to biomechanical stimuli. In this review, we initially introduce the ubiquitous force experienced by cells and then explore the dynamic alterations in histone acetylation and its associated co-factors, including HDACs, HATs, and acetyl-CoA, in response to these biomechanical cues. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate interactions between histone acetylation and mechanosensors/mechanotransducers, offering a comprehensive analysis. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the nuanced interplay between histone acetylation and mechanical forces within an academic framework.

Individualized dose calculation for internal exposure on radionuclide intake: GPU acceleration approach

Objective. The rapid and accurate assessment of internal exposure dose is a crucial safeguard for personnel health and safety. This study aims to investigate a precise and efficient GPU Monte Carlo simulation approach for internal exposure dose calculation. It directly calculates doses from common radioactive nuclides intake, like 60Co for occupational exposure, allowing personalized assessments. Approach. This study developed a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo program for internal exposure on radionuclide intake, successfully realizing photoelectronic coupled transport, nuclide simulation, and optimized acceleration. The generation of internal irradiation sources and sampling methods were achieved, along with the establishment of a personalized phantom construction process. Three irradiation scenarios were simulated to assess computational accuracy and efficiency, and to investigate the influence of posture variations on internal dose estimations. Main results. Using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) voxel-type phantom, the internal dose of radionuclides in individual organs was calculated, exhibiting relative deviation of less than 3% in comparison to organ dose results interpolated by Specific Absorbed Fractions in ICRP Publication 133. Employing the Chinese reference phantom for calculating internal irradiation dose from the intake of various radionuclides, the use of GPU Monte Carlo program significantly shortened the simulation time compared to using CPU programs, by a factor of 150–500. Internal dose estimation utilizing a seated Chinese phantom revealed up to a 75% maximum difference in organ dose compared to the same phantom in a standing posture. Significance. This study presents a rapid GPU-based simulation method for internal irradiation doses, capable of directly simulating dose outcomes from nuclide intake and accommodating individualized phantoms for more realistic and expeditious calculations tailored to specific internal irradiation scenarios. It provides an effective and feasible tool for precisely calculating internal irradiation doses in real-world scenarios.

Thermal Safety Study of Emulsion Explosive Matrix under the Coupled Effects of Environmental Pressure and Bubble Content with Internal Heat Source

Emulsion explosives have become a hot topic in various studies due to their explosive combustion characteristics and detonation performance under different environmental pressures. The thermal safety of an emulsified matrix was studied with ignition energy as the characterization. A minimum ignition energy test experimental system for emulsion matrices was established in this research. The system simulated the occurrence of hot spots inside emulsion matrices using an electric heating wire. The effect of bubbles on the thermal safety of the emulsified matrix was studied by adding expanded perlite additive to the emulsified matrix. This study investigated the variation trend in the minimum ignition energy of the emulsion matrix under the coupled effect of bubbles and ambient pressure using the orthogonal experimental method. The impacts of two factors on the thermal safety of the emulsion matrix were studied at different hot-spot temperatures. Coupled analysis experiments were conducted on emulsion matrices containing 0%, 1.5%, and 3% expanded perlite under pressure environments of 1 atm, 2 atm, and 3 atm. The critical hot-spot temperature of the emulsion matrix significantly decreases with increasing bubble content at 1 atm and 2 atm pressures, as revealed by intuitive analysis and analysis of variance. However, at 3 atm of pressure, the bubble content in the emulsion matrix has no significant effect on its critical hot-spot temperature. The results show that the thermal safety of the emulsified matrix decreases with the increase in the content of expanded perlite and environmental pressure, and the influence of environmental pressure is more significant than that of the bubble content. This paper’s research content serves as a reference for a safe emulsified matrix and as an experimental basis for establishing a production line for developing new equipment.

Infrared radiation characteristics simulation of exhaust suppression type ships

An equivalent calculation method for the infrared-suppressed ship’s infrared radiation is carried out, which couples thermal characteristics of the ship surface and the exhaust system. Firstly, a refined physical model for the infrared suppressed exhaust system is proposed, which considers the processes of convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer. The model generates the equivalent heat flow boundary conditions of the internal heat source through the numerical calculation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and combines with the energy balance physical model. The energy balance model on the ship surface is developed, which considers external thermal environment conditions including itself radiation, solar radiation, atmospheric radiation, and reflective radiation among surface elements. The temperature calculation model for the ship with a jet exhaust system is formed. Subsequently, an exhaust-suppressed ship infrared radiation calculation model is formed based on the infrared radiation rendering of solid targets and the narrow spectral principle of exhaust plumes, which considers the spontaneous radiation and environmental radiation of ships. Finally, the infrared simulation results are compared and verified based on experimental data. The results indicate that the infrared radiation error on the ship’s typical parts is less than 30 %. Additionally, 90.1 % of the cabin walls using exhaust suppression systems have a temperature difference of less than 3 K under different operating conditions. It suggests that the exhaust suppression system is effective in reducing the temperature of the cabin wall. The calculation method for ship infrared characteristics constructed in this paper has reasonable results, and it can be used for infrared characteristic analysis of exhaust suppression ships.

Development of a Self-Luminescent Living Bioreactor for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy in Breast Cancer.

The penetration ability of visible light (<2 mm) and near-infrared (NIR) light (∼1 cm) remarkably impairs the therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT). To address the limitation of light penetration depth, a novel self-luminescent bacterium, teLuc.FP-EcN, has been engineered through transfection of a fusion expression plasmid containing the luciferase gene teLuc and bright red fluorescent protein mScarlet-I into Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). The engineered teLuc.FP-EcN can specifically target and colonize tumors without significant toxicity to the host. Acting as a continuous internal light source, teLuc.FP-EcN can activate the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and then effectively destroy tumor tissue from the inside. As a result, a significant reduction in tumor proliferation and extension of the overall survival in mouse tumor models has been observed. Furthermore, teLuc.FP-EcN-boosted PDT amplified its therapeutic effect by activating antitumor immune response, including the conversion of M2 macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, as well as an increase in the proportion of CD3+ T cells and a decrease in T-cell exhaustion. In conclusion, teLuc.FP-EcN can be used as an implantable light source for tumor phototherapy, which simultaneously possesses ROS generation and immune regulation.

Electrochemistry of Diquinonyl Amines with an Internal Proton Source

It is well established that quinones play an important role in various biological systems. Studying electrochemical properties of quinones affords fundamental knowledge of semi-quinone radicals formation in vivo and in vitro in different media.Following our previous work on electrochemical properties of various quinonyl amines [1], Scheme 1 below describes seven diquinonyl amines. Noteworthy that six of them (1-6) contain an internal proton donor (‘NH’) except for the seventh one (7), in which both quinone moieties are attached to ‘NMe’ group. Their redox potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane [2].The results show a strong dependence of the nature of substituent on the first reduction potentials, and that protonation of diquinonyl amines is feasible by internal proton source even in a non-polar medium.