Internal Shifts Research Articles

Changing Ottoman Empire's Government System: Michel Foucault's Theory of Power and Modernity

The Ottoman Empire, which lasted for over six centuries, experienced significant political and administrative transformations, particularly in its final years. This research analyzes the transition from an Islamic Caliphate to a secular republic, using Michel Foucault's Theory of Power and Modernity as a framework. Foucault's concept of power, as embedded in social structures, helps explain the gradual collapse of the Ottoman political system, influenced by socio-political factors such as nationalism, secularism, and the decline of imperial authority. The study explores the role of power mechanisms like military control, cultural hegemony, and administrative reforms in this transformation. Adopting a normative, descriptive-qualitative approach, the research follows four stages: data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The findings suggest that the Ottoman Empire’s decline was shaped by both external pressures and internal shifts in how power was exercised. The study underscores the importance of Foucault’s concepts in understanding the empire’s modernization and eventual collapse, offering a deeper perspective on the shift from an Islamic Caliphate to a secular republic.

Democratization and its Impact on Foreign Relations in Turkey

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the democratization and its impact on foreign relations in Turkey. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Turkey’s democratization has significantly influenced its foreign relations, shaping both regional and global engagements. Periods of reform aimed at aligning Turkey with Western standards improved ties with the European Union and fostered diplomatic dialogue, yet political setbacks and civil liberties concerns have strained these relationships. At the regional level, democratization has contributed to a more proactive foreign policy, balancing Turkey’s roles in NATO and the Middle East. However, internal power shifts and fluctuating democratic practices continue to affect Turkey’s credibility and negotiation power, underscoring the interdependence between domestic political evolution and international diplomacy. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Modernization theory, dependency theory & democratic peace theory may be used to anchor future studies on democratization and its impact on foreign relations in Turkey. In practical terms, a solid democratic framework provides political stability, which is key for building credible and reliable foreign alliances. Policy should focus on institutional reforms that consolidate democracy, thereby enhancing international confidence.

Synergy of risk management and organizational behavior in the context of ensuring economic security of enterprises

In the modern, rapidly changing world, enterprises of any ownership structure, scale, and industry face numerous challenges that require flexibility and swift responses to external threats and internal shifts. This is particularly relevant in the context of globalization and increasing risks associated with rapid technological innovations, economic disruptions, and market instability. The study is aimed at identifying the key aspects of the synergy between risk management and organizational behavior in the context of ensuring the economic security of enterprises. Based on a review of theoretical sources, the importance of integrating the two domains—risk management and organizational behavior—was revealed as a means to enhance the resilience of enterprises. The so-called «intersection point» between these domains has been identified, allowing firms to improve their ability to respond to risks and mitigate their negative impacts. This intersection is critically important, as risks and threats are an inherent part of business operations in the face of ongoing uncertainty and a rapidly changing business environment. Significant attention in the research is devoted to the human capital component as the foundation of the synergy between risk management and organizational behavior. It has been found that human capital plays a key role in ensuring the economic security of enterprises, as qualified and motivated employees are better equipped to identify risks, respond effectively, and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The article emphasizes the importance of developing adaptive capabilities among personnel, which allows enterprises to remain competitive even under challenging conditions. Additionally, psychological factors influencing decision-making in the context of risks are examined. The application of prospect theory provides a deeper understanding of how individual and group decisions are shaped by risk perceptions. Psychological aspects, including stress levels, individual differences in risk perception, and the influence of collective decision-making, are integral components affecting the effectiveness of risk management. These factors often determine how successfully an enterprise can manage risks and respond to challenges, especially in uncertain environments. Thus, the synergy between risk management and organizational behavior not only enhances the resilience of an enterprise but also establishes new approaches to strategic management. This enables businesses not only to survive but also to thrive in the fast-changing conditions of the modern market.

The Russian-Ukrainian Conflict: Perspective and Prospective (2022-2023)

Objectives: This study attempts to analyze the motives and dynamics of the conflict, and to identify the conflicting interests and objectives of those supporting the continuation of this war. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the network of interactions and complex effects among the active parties in this conflict, alongside analyzing both the challenges and opportunities available for resolving this conflict. Furthermore, it aims to extrapolate the potential outcomes and ramifications of the continuation of this conflict. Methods: The study also sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, specifically on its historical dimensions and geopolitical complexities. This was done through a multidimensional scientific approach that involved integrating various theories, concepts, and frameworks from international relations, security studies, and regional conflicts. These were scientifically employed to serve the purpose of this study. Results: The findings underscore the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the conflict, emphasizing the imperative for profound comprehension and strategic intervention. The study advocates for a cautious yet proactive resolution approach, stressing the need for comprehensive analysis and understanding. Conclusion: Recognizing the conflict's profound implications for regional and global peace, security, and socioeconomic development, the research concludes by highlighting the importance of diplomatic maneuvers, internal shifts, and external dynamics in shaping the conflict's future trajectory.

Factors contributing to the decline of Animere Language in Ghana

The study aimed to explore the factors contributing to the decline of the Animere language in Ghana by delving into its historical context, linguistic features, cultural significance, and the broader socio-economic dynamics at play. Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted in-depth interviews with ten respondents from the Animere-speaking community, structuring the interview guide into four sections to focus on specific aspects of the Animere language. Through thematic analysis, the research identified several factors contributing to the language's decline, including external influences like media and education, internal community dynamics, generational shifts, and socio-economic motivations, while also highlighting the deep cultural significance of the language and its role in shaping the identity of its speakers. The study acknowledged limitations in its sample size and geographical scope, primarily focusing on specific regions where Animere speakers reside, suggesting that future research could benefit from a larger sample and a more diverse geographical representation. The findings underscore the need for educational reforms, media engagement, community initiatives, policy interventions, and economic incentives to address the decline of the Animere language. It calls for collaborative efforts involving educators, policymakers, community leaders, and media professionals to rejuvenate and celebrate the rich linguistic heritage of Animere. This research offers a comprehensive exploration of the decline of the Animere language, bridging the gap between linguistic research and socio-cultural dynamics, and provides valuable insights for linguists, anthropologists, policymakers, and community leaders interested in language preservation and cultural heritage.

Indo-Nepal Treaty of 1950: A Realist Perspective

The Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, signed on July 31, 1950, between Nepal and India, was a landmark agreement aimed at fostering strong bilateral relations. The treaty facilitated free movement, residence, and business opportunities across borders, thereby enhancing mutual security and cooperation in the post-colonial South Asian context. Over the years, it has played a crucial role in promoting economic cooperation, defense collaboration, and cultural exchange. However, the treaty has also become a subject of debate due to shifting geopolitical dynamics and internal political shifts. This paper critically explores the treaty's influence on India-Nepal relations, focusing on its contributions to trade, investment, and defense collaboration. Despite these achievements, its relevance is increasingly questioned due to unresolved border disputes, China's growing presence in South Asia, and political instability within Nepal. The analysis suggests that revisiting and revising the treaty's provisions is essential to address these contemporary challenges. Ultimately, the study calls for a pragmatic approach that aligns the treaty with current geopolitical realities, ensuring a resilient and mutually beneficial partnership between India and Nepal. By adopting a realist perspective, this analysis underscores the strategic importance of adapting bilateral agreements to evolving regional dynamics.

Experiment on the vortex-induced vibration of an S-shaped flexible riser coupled with an oscillating platform

This paper reports the experimental results of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an S-shaped flexible riser hanged underneath a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) oscillating cylindrical platform. A buoyancy module of approximately triple the riser diameter was mounted on the one-third of the riser length measured from its base to produce the S-shaped configuration. The VIV response of the flexible riser filled with two typical fluid media, including water and helium, was tested in the depth-averaged reduced velocity (U¯r) range of 9.32–26.41. The experimental results indicate that the change of internal fluid medium alters the spatial distribution of dominant frequency and excited modal order. The mode competition is enhanced when the internal fluid shifts from water to helium, and the critical U¯r for mode transition becomes higher. Based on the coincidence of dominant frequency, four types of coupling response are identified, and two characteristic lengths are quantified. The dominant role of the vibration system is determined by the occurrence time percentages of coupling lengths and dominant frequencies. The vibration of water-filled riser is dominated by itself, and the influence of buoyancy module is negligible. In contrast, the in-plane response of helium-filled riser is significantly affected by the buoyancy module, and the influence is amplified with the increase in U¯r.

Center vortex geometry at finite temperature

The geometry of center vortices is studied in SU(3) gauge theory at finite temperature to capture the key structural changes that occur through the deconfinement phase transition. Visualizations of the vortex structure in temporal and spatial slices of the lattice reveal a preference for the vortex sheet to align with the temporal dimension above the critical temperature. This is quantified through a correlation measure. A collection of vortex statistics, including vortex and branching point densities, and vortex path lengths between branching points, are analyzed to highlight internal shifts in vortex behavior arising from the loss of confinement. We find the zero-temperature inclination of branching points to cluster at short distances vanishes at high temperatures, embodying a rearrangement of branching points within the vortex structure. These findings establish the many aspects of center vortex geometry that characterize the phase transition in pure gauge theory. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Strategy Typology and Cost Structure: A Textual Analysis Approach

This study investigates the impact of firms’ strategic positioning on cost structure. Using textual analysis based on 10-K filings, we capture business strategy along three dimensions: product leadership, customer intimacy, and operational excellence. Firms pursuing the product leadership strategy emphasize innovation and confront high congestion risk caused by rapid growth. We find that these firms display a more rigid cost structure by incurring higher strategic fixed investments in R&D and choosing higher committed capacity to reduce congestion risk. We also document that firms following the other two strategies on average exhibit a less rigid cost structure. This is possibly because customer-intimate firms tend to invest in specialized resources in small chunks and take on-demand inputs to tailor offerings, while operational-excellence firms may adopt real options and flexible models to achieve production efficiency and mitigate default risk. Our results are robust to using a difference-in-difference approach based on a quasinatural shock caused by the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine adoption and a change analysis based on firms’ internal strategic shifts. Our findings suggest that organizational strategy has a significant impact on firms’ resource commitments and capacity choices.

How Prison Dog Programs Challenge the Racial Code in Correctional Settings and Beyond

ABSTRACT As the governing principle of prison dynamics, the racial code is sacrosanct due to the risk of violence that can result if its norms are violated. The setup of these racial arrangements appears immutable, but previous research finds prison-based concepts of race can be temporarily “suspended” during work assignments. This study is the first to draw upon in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated participants of prison dog programs (PDPs) in a way that not only contributes to the limited body of literature about the racial organization of incarcerated people, but finds that PDP participation results in elemental changes that de-stabilize these racial identities in a lasting way. Specifically, narratives from participants describe how lived experiences in the PDPs lead to internal and interpersonal shifts that dismantle racialized constructs and move toward a humanizing, empathetic view of others. Ultimately, this study finds that changes resulting from participation in the PDP contribute meaningfully to long-term, successful reentry.

Japan: The Super Nation Brand

This study explores Japan’s national brand evolution, analyzing the shift from its historical isolation to its current global recognition, particularly under the influence of Shinzo Abe’s policies. It examines the impact of the 2011 disasters on Japan's international image and the strategic measures taken to address internal challenges such as gender inequality and educational reform. Through a critical lens, this study delves into the juxtaposition of Japan's soft power success against its domestic issues. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of nation branding in the context of global dynamics and internal policy shifts, offering a comprehensive view of Japan's strategy in maintaining its cultural identity while navigating global perceptions.

Can single disease payment impact hospitalization expenses and quality in district hospital? A case study in Fujian, China

BackgroundChina is exploring payment reform methods for patients to address the escalating issue of increasing medical costs. While most district hospitals were still in the stage of Single Disease Payment (SDP) due to conditions, there is a scarcity of research on comprehensive assessment of SDP. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of SDP in a district hospital, and provided data support and scientific reference for improving SDP method and accelerating medical insurance payment reform at district hospitals.MethodsData was collected from 2337 inpatient medical records at a district hospital in Fuzhou, China from 2016 to 2021. These diagnoses principally included type 2 diabetes, planned cesarean sections, and lacunar infarction. Structural variation analysis was conducted to examine changes in the internal cost structure and dynamic shifts in medical expenses for both the insured (treatment group) and uninsured (control group) patients, pre- and post-implementation of the SDP policy on August 1, 2018. The difference-in-differences (DID) method was employed to assess changes in hospitalization expenses and quality indicators pre- and post-implementation. Furthermore, subjective evaluation of medical quality was enhanced through questionnaire surveys with 181 patients and 138 medical staff members.ResultsThe implementation of SDP decreased the medical expenses decreased significantly (P < 0.05), which can also optimize the cost structure. The drug cost ratio descended significantly, and the proportion of laboratory fee rose slightly. The changes in infection rate, cure rate, and length of stay indicated enhanced medical quality (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of inpatients with SDP was high (89.2%). Medical staff expressed an upper middle level of satisfaction (77.2%) but identified difficulties with the implementation such as “insufficient coverage of disease types”.ConclusionAfter the implementation of SDP in district hospitals, considerable progress has been achieved in restraining medical expenses, coupled with notable enhancements in both medical quality and patient satisfaction levels. However, challenges persist regarding cost structure optimization and underutilization of medical resources. This study suggests that district hospitals can expedite insurance payment reform by optimizing drug procurement policies, sharing examination information, and strengthening the management of medical records.

Experimental investigation on the vortex-induced vibration response of a lazy-wave flexible riser filled with different fluid media

This paper reports the experimental results of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a lazy-wave flexible riser filled with different fluid media, including the water and helium as typical liquid and light gas examples. The lazy-wave configuration was produced by mounting a buoyancy module of approximately triple the riser diameter on the one-third of the riser length measured from the riser base. The VIV tests were carried out in the depth-averaged reduced velocity (U¯r) range of 9.32–23.19 using the non-intrusive optical measurement with a couple of high-speed cameras. The experimental results indicate that not only the excited mode of in-plane response but also the response amplitude is significantly adjusted when the internal fluid changes, while the excited mode of the out-of-plane response has no obvious modification. Both the water- and helium-filled risers experience the space-varying dominant frequency. However, the helium-filled riser segment possessing a higher dominant frequency is significantly shortened as compared to the water-filled one. When the internal fluid shifts from water to helium, the in-plane mode transition from the first to second becomes incomplete, and the mode transition becomes smoother as U¯r grows. It is found that the starting position of the mode transition is related to the dominant mode as well as the response direction. Then, the influenced length of the riser response from the buoyancy module and the affecting length of the riser on the buoyancy module response are quantified in terms of the spatial distribution of the dominant frequency in comparison with the natural frequencies. The in-plane response of the helium-filled riser is more vulnerable to the oscillation of the buoyancy module, and hence, the coupling between the in-plane and out-of-plane responses is weaker than the water-filled riser. When the impact of buoyancy module on the riser response is enhanced, the reverse effect is weakened.

Microsaccades reflect attention shifts: a mini review of 20 years of microsaccade research.

Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Since the 1950s, researchers have conducted extensive research on the role of microsaccades in visual information processing, and found that they also play an important role in human advanced visual cognitive activities. Research over the past 20 years further suggested that there is a close relationship between microsaccades and visual attention, yet lacking a timely review. The current article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review and bring microsaccades studies into the sight of attention research. We firstly introduce basic characteristics about microsaccades, then summarized the empirical evidence supporting the view that microsaccades can reflect both external (perception) and internal (working memory) attention shifts. We finally conclude and highlight three promising avenues for future research.

Sustainable Practices in the Textile Industry of Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities

In an era where sustainability is paramount, this study ventures into assessing the complex factors influencing sustainability in Pakistan's textile industry. Given its economic significance and environmental impact, the research focuses on unraveling how governmental policies, technological innovations, management practices, and consumer awareness collectively shape sustainability outcomes. Central to this exploration is the mediating role of organizational commitment. Employing a structured survey among diverse industry stakeholders, the study uncovers that while external factors significantly drive sustainability performance, it is the depth of organizational commitment to sustainability that amplifies these effects. This intersection of various elements highlights the need for a multi-dimensional approach in steering the textile sector towards greater sustainability. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and industry leaders, advocating for integrated strategies that marry regulatory frameworks, technological advancement, and internal cultural shifts towards sustainability. However, the study acknowledges its limitations and paves the way for future research, calling for broader, longitudinal explorations to deepen our understanding of sustainable practices in diverse economic contexts.

Sustainable development trends in the Ukrainian logistics market

The article explores the impact of current challenges on Ukraine’s logistics sector, emphasizing its crucial role in supply chain management and integration into the global economy. Political instability and military conflicts have severely disrupted logistics, particularly due to port closures and transport route blockages, necessitating immediate strategic adjustments by companies. The study examines the evolution of the logistics market and how global and local factors influence process optimization. The need for new strategies to rebuild the damaged logistics infrastructure during post-crisis recovery is substantiated. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, including trend analysis, comparative analysis, expert interviews, and case studies, the article offers a comprehensive understanding of the Ukrainian logistics market’s dynamics and challenges. It identifies key industry transformations, such as digitalization, shifts in international trade, and adaptations to domestic market conditions, underscoring the importance of integrating advanced technologies into supply chain management. The article also emphasizes the critical role of flexible and efficient logistics strategies in supporting the national economy’s sustainability amid global challenges and internal shifts. It highlights the role of adaptive logistics in maintaining economic stability and international competitiveness while addressing the opportunities and challenges these strategies present.

Severe Burn Injuries - The Day the Sodium Starts Rising.

The current study was designed to evaluate the etiologies of hypernatremic episodes in patients with severe burn injuries in comparison to critically ill non-burn patients. The retrospective data acquisition was limited to the first 14 days and to patients with at least 20% total body surface area (TBSA) 2nd degree burn injuries or more than 10% TBSA when including areas of 3rd degree burn injuries. The results were compared to the results of a previously published study that analyzed the risk factors for hypernatremia in 390 non-burn intensive care unit patients. In total, 120 patients with a total of 50 hypernatremic episodes were included. Compared to non-burn injury patients, no significant differences were detectable except for a lower rate of hypokalemia and a higher rate of mechanical ventilation. The main trigger for hypernatremic episodes was the loss of free water, while 24% of the hypernatremic episodes seemed to be at least partly triggered by a surplus sodium influx. Patients with hypernatremic episodes had a significantly higher mortality rate. However, in none of the cases was hypernatremia the decisive cause of death. Besides the unique phenomenon of high volume internal and external volume shifts, the overall risk factors and etiologies of hypernatremia in patients with severe burn injury do not seem to significantly differ from other ICU patient collectives. Remarkably, a surplus of sodium influx and therefore a modifiable factor besides the specific burn injury volume resuscitation had an impact on the hypernatremic episodes in 24% of cases.

Understanding the Nexus Between Afghan Taliban and TTP: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan

This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of Afghanistan's relationship with Pakistan, especially in light of a potential Taliban resurgence and its repercussions on Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). The TTP's strategic realignment, transitioning from collaboration with the Afghan Taliban to destabilizing Pakistan, is examined through a qualitative approach rooted in structural realism. The analysis contextualizes Afghanistan-Pakistan relations historically, considering security, and geopolitical implications. It scrutinizes the TTP's resurgence, attributing causes to internal shifts, external support, and regional changes. The study explores avenues for stability in the region, emphasizing economic cooperation's potential. Insights are drawn on how Pakistan tackles the TTP resurgence, encompassing foreign relations, economic resources, and internal politics. While structural realism sheds light on power dynamics, the paper underscores the imperative to manage Afghanistan-Pakistan relations to avert further regional upheaval.

Are microsaccades biased similarly during external and internal shifts of covert attention?

Are microsaccades biased similarly during external and internal shifts of covert attention?

Creating nonlocality using geometric phases between partially distinguishable photons

The geometric (Berry-Pancharatnam) phase originates from the intrinsic geometry of the space of quantum states and can be observed in different situations, such as a cyclic evolution of a quantum system. Here, we utilize the geometric phase to obtain a surprising insight: It is possible to create nonlocal correlations in a fixed interferometer with independent photon inputs by varying the photons' internal states. In particular, we consider a cyclic interferometer that is fixed, i.e., that has no variable internal phase shifts or subsequent measurement settings. Instead, the measurement choices of the different parties correspond to the internal states of the input photons which influence the observed correlations via a collective $N$-photon geometric phase, constituting a different approach for the generation of nonlocality with respect to the usual paradigm. We observe a trade-off between the geometric phases and the visibility of the many-photon interference, impeding the generation of nonlocality. However, by making use of the dynamical quantum Zeno effect, we show that nonlocality can be created in the fixed cyclic interferometer using 12 (or more) independent photons.