Internal Rupture Research Articles

To Be Cared For: The Power of Conversion and Foreignness of Belonging in an Indian Slum, by Nathaniel Roberts

What does it mean for Dalits living in India’s urban slums to convert to Pentecostal Christianity today? The literature on Dalit conversions generally ranges from vicious denunciation from majoritarian nationalists to an ambivalent disapproving tolerance from elite secular and even scholarly circles. Whether religious conversions are understood to be a result of dangerous foreign influence or as violent irreparable rupture from an authentic cultural selfhood, the realities and perspectives of the converts themselves, who are overwhelmingly from among the poorest in Indian society, are often ignored. Eschewing these dominant representations of conversions as external agency or internal rupture and exposing the common assumptions that undergird them, Nathaniel Roberts argues in this timely, Chennai-based ethnography that the main draw of Christianity in the slum was its “ability to mediate endogenous moral contradictions . . . that covertly pitted slum dwellers against one another.” As such, “slum Christianity integrated the slum community as a whole irrespective of religious affiliation” (11).The main moral contradiction internal to the slum that Roberts focuses on involves an idealized moral discourse on belonging and those excluded from it. For the slum residents, being human and belonging meant mutuality: to care for others and to be cared for (78). The social difference between the “rich” outsiders and the “poor” residents—the preferred vocabulary of difference by the residents of the nearly homogenous Dalit slum—results from the consistent lack of care shown by the outsiders. Roberts argues that this deliberate usage of class idiom “is not merely a euphemism for caste [but] a theoretical challenge to it” (63). This explanation of the predicament of those suffering was, however, not extended to women in the slum who either faced marital strife or were debt ridden—both devastating situations for the women who were dependent economically on their husbands and socially on networks of lending/borrowing with other women (109). It was these women isolated from care who primarily converted to Pentecostal Christianity, whose god Jesus was known in Anbu Nagar to specialize in issues faced by women. Moving through the concentric circles of dispossession, from the dalit slum to its women residents, Roberts sets the frame to draw out the micropolitical significance of conversion and turns his attention to the assumptions—scholarly and popular—that make it otherwise invisible.Roberts argues that a standard view that conversion involving mutually exclusive identities leads to violent social conflict—the bedrock view behind India’s anticonversion laws fiercely advocated by Hindu nationalists and upheld by the Supreme court—ultimately rests on “secular modern understanding of religion as culture” with its functionalist Durkheimian echoes (9, 116). The residents of Anbu Nagar understood religion not in this reified sense of cultural identity or social function but in terms of the reality of deities and their ability to provide this-worldly benefits. It is this difference between the theological realism of slum residents—Christian and Hindu—and the nominalism of the anthropologist, Roberts argues, that explains the discrepancy between the expected communal strife of the elite national imagination and the lack thereof in Anbu Nagar (160).For the women of Anbu Nagar caught in its moral fault lines, Pentecostalism provided two sources of power, one in the form of pastoral care sensitized to their concerns, and a new social network of their own making, a prayer network. With this account of slum Christianity suturing internal moral contradictions on its own terms Roberts challenges existing accounts of Pentecostalism, arguing that in this context it was marked not by discontinuity but rather a message that “intensified slum dwellers’ existing moral understanding and radicalized it” (243). The final chapter identifies elements in the slum that are unique to its Christian residents: a rhetoric of future millennial revolutionary justice for all humanity that was seamlessly connected to a discourse of divine alleviation of everyday suffering. These two sections stand in an interesting contrast next to each other. Counterintuitively, Roberts notes that the uniquely Christian elements do not feature in the converts’ own accounts as to what drew them to Christianity, and he warns against “resorting to the explanatory deus exmachina of ‘hidden motives’” (241). A fair warning, but some readers might find the tension between these continuities and discontinuities unresolved. Positively, this can lead the reader to reflect on other possibilities left unexplored in the book.To Be Cared For is a brilliant synthesis that will challenge scholars on religion and culture and caste. It makes visible the thought, hopes, and actions of the dispossessed among the dispossessed while simultaneously mounting a devastating critique of the hopelessly stale yet hegemonic assumptions that have served to obscure and reproduce caste/class inequalities.

Endovascular treatment of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture associated with a pelvic giant pseudoaneurysm

Endovascular treatment of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture associated with a pelvic giant pseudoaneurysm

Multiscale Energy Dissipation Mechanism in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels.

Understanding the energy dissipation mechanism during deformation is essential for the design and application of tough soft materials. We show that, in a class of tough and self-healing polyampholyte hydrogels, a bicontinuous network structure, consisting of a hard network and a soft network, is formed, independently of the chemical details of the hydrogels. Multiscale internal rupture processes, in which the double-network effect plays an important role, are found to be responsible for the large energy dissipation of these hydrogels.

External pelvic reduction frame system combined with tunnel screw fixation for Tile C1 pelvic fracture

Objective To investigate the efficacy of external pelvic reduction frame system combined with tunnel screw fixation in the treatment of Tile C1 pelvic fracture. Methods A retrospective case series analysis of 15 patients with Tile C1 pelvic fractures from January 2014 to October 2016 was performed. Clinical data included seven males and eight females, aged 26-84 years (mean, 48.9 years). According to Tile classification, there were five cases of type C1.1, three cases of C1.2, and seven cases of type C1.3. The average time from injury to surgery was 9.5 days (range, 4-33 days). All patients received the treatment of external pelvic reduction frame system combined with tunnel screw fixation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and complications were recorded. The fracture reduction quality was evaluated according to the Matta criteria, and the clinical function and neurological function were evaluated by the Majeed functional scoring system and the Gibbons sacral nerve injury grading, respectively. Results The patients were followed up for an average of 16 months (range, 12-24 months). The mean operation time was 139 minutes (range, 50-250 minutes), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 90 ml (range, 20-260 ml). No complications such as wound infection, loose internal fixation, rupture or loss of reduction occurred in the patients. According to the Matta score, 14 patients obtained anatomical reduction, and one obtained satisfactory reduction. At the last follow-up, according to the Majeed functional scoring criteria, the results were excellent in all 15 patients, with an excellent and good rate of 100%. According to Gibbons sacral nerve injury grading, two out of the three patients with neurologic impairment before the operation recovered completely while the remaining one did not recover. Conclusion In the treatment of Tile C1 pelvic fractures, external pelvic frame reduction system combined with tunnel screw fixation can attain satisfactory fracture reduction, reliable fixation, and good functional recovery. Key words: Pelvis; Fracture fixation; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive

Endoscopic endonasal surgery of recurrent skull base chordomas

Objective To discuss the strategy and technique of endoscopic endonasal surgery of recurrent skull base chordomas. Methods The data of 123 patients with recurrent skull base chordomas were retrospectively studied who underwent surgical treatment between August 2007 and March 2018 at Neurosurgery Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Recurrent skull base chordomas were classified into 4 types based on the tumor location: total clivus type (n=43) superior-middle clivus type (n=51), middle-inferior clivus type (n=8), and extensive type (n=21). All tumors were resected through EEA (endoscopic endonasal approach). Results Among all 123 cases, gross total resection was achieved in 39 (31.7%) cases, near-total resection in 58 (47.2%) and partial resection in 26 (21.1%). Following the surgery, cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 9 cases and secondary surgical repair was performed. Intracranial infection occurred in 3 patients among the 9 cases who received the secondary repair. Among them, 2 patients recovered and 1 died. Postoperative new cranial nerve palsy occurred in 14 cases. Intraoperative internal carotid artery rupture occurred in 3 cases. The rupture in 2 cases was minor and complete hemostasis was achieved during operation. The rupture in 1 case was severe and endovascular covered stent was used for complete hemostasis. No new functional deficits was noted post operation for all 3 cases. Within 6 months post surgery, the improvement rates of hypopsia and visual field defects, diplopia, facial numbness and pain, tinnitus and hearing loss, dysphagia and hoarseness and cough, headache and dizziness, nasal obstruction, and dyskinesia were 47.6% (10/21), 32.3% (10/31), 41.7% (5/12), 30.0% (3/10), 25.0% (4/16), 86.6% (58/67), 100% (9/9) and 66.7% (8/12), respectively. Conclusions The resection of recurrent skull base chordomas seems difficult, in which endoscopic endonasal surgery might be more advantageous. Correct surgical strategy and techniques combined with the uses of neuronavigation, neurophysiological monitoring and Doppler ultrasound are the key factors for high-quality operation. Key words: Chordoma; Skull base neoplasms; Recurrence; Natural orifice endoscopic surgery

English

The internal bruising in potatoes is a kind of damage caused by the mechanical impact, which is the major cause of post-harvest losses. This kind of injury is hard to detect because it occurs due to the internal cellular rupture of the tuber. This research aims at evaluating the applicability of the biospeckle laser technique in order to detect and predict the internal bruising in potatoes caused by mechanical impacts during the early stages where there is no visual perception of the injury. The correlation of Pearson between a quantitative index generated from the biospeckle laser images (BSL values) and the enzymatic darkening in the region of the injury have been calculated. The BSL values was used to compare a group of potatoes subjected to mechanical impacts caused by a pendulum and a group of potatoes that did not suffer any sort of mechanical impacts. Comparison was performed by average and the standard error of the BSL values ​​was obtained: Before impact, immediately after, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after the mechanical impact. Results showed that the BSL values correlated significantly with the progressive darkening of the potato tissue (r = - 0.79) and this allowed the detection of the formation of internal bruising from 4 hours after the occurrence of a mechanical impact. Key words: Mechanical impacts, injury detection, optical technique.

The Essence of Archetypes

Jung’s notion of the archetype remains an equivocal concept, so much so that Jungians and post-Jungians have failed to agree on its essential nature. In this essay, I wish to argue that an archetype may be understood as an unconscious schema that is self-constitutive and emerges into consciousness from its own a priori ground, hence an autonomous self-determinative act derived from archaic ontology. After offering an analysis of the archetype debate, I set out to philosophically investigate the essence of an archetype by examining its origins and dialectical reflections as a process system arising from its own autochthonous parameters. I offer a descriptive explication of the inner constitution and birth of an archetype based on internal rupture and the desire to project its universality, form, and patternings into psychic reality as self-instantiating replicators. Archetypal content is the appearance of essence as the products of self-manifestation, for an archetype must appear in order to be made actual. Here we must seriously question that, in the beginning, if an archetype is self-constituted and self-generative, the notion and validity of a collective unconscious becomes rather dubious, if not superfluous. I conclude by sketching out an archetypal theory of alterity based on dialectical logic.

Im Spiegel-Selfie-Stadium: The downloaded man

As a reference to Lacan’s »mirror stage«, the »Mirror-Selfie-Stadium« show a reflexive turn within subjectification. The individualization of image production through digital and dating platforms is the starting point to reveal as such. In the article reference to so-called primitive accumulation (Marx) the origin of the internal rupture of the bourgeois subject shows that the individual subject in a capitalist society must be an interface for its own capitalist socialization and originates from this quandary situation. The actual techniques of digitization continue this origin by forcing the subject to expand itself, but also its objects, by divisions, splits and valorizing. These divisions at once unleash the productive power of capitalist society

Internal rupture and rapid bouncing of impacting drops induced by submillimeter-scale textures.

We demonstrate an internal breakup mechanism for high Weber number drop impact on superhydrophobic surfaces uniformly patterned with submillimeter-scale textures, in which the liquid film ruptures from both interior and rim. The employment of submillimeter-scale posts could help decrease the critical Weber number of internal rupture, due to the small solid fraction and the large dimension ratio between primary structures and droplets. The internal rupture is found to promote more rapid drop bouncing than conventional rebound and rim breakup on superhydrophobic surfaces with small roughness, with a 10%-50% reduction of contact time. The internal rupture results from the film instability inside and the jet instability outside.

Initiation of damage in a class of polymeric materials embedded with multiple localized regions of lower density

Fatigue and damage are the least understood phenomena in the mechanics of solids. Recently, Alagappan et al. (“On a possible methodology for identifying the initiation of damage of a class of polymeric materials”, Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472(2192): 20160231) hypothesized a criterion for the initiation of damage for a certain class of compressible polymeric solids, namely that damage will be initiated at the location where the derivative of the norm of the stress with respect to the stretch starts to decrease. This hypothesis led to results that were in keeping with the experimental work of Gent and Lindley(“Internal rupture of bonded rubber cylinders in tension. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1959; 249, 195–205 :10.1098) and agrees qualitatively with the results of Penn (“Volume changes accompanying the extension of rubber”, Trans Soc Rheol 1970; 14(4): 509–517) on compressible polymeric solids. Alagappan et al. considered a body wherein there is a localized region in which the density is less than the rest of the solid. In this study, we show that the criterion articulated by Alagappan et al. is still applicable when bodies have multiple localized regions of lower density, thereby lending credence to the notion that the criterion might be reasonable for a large class of bodies with multiple inhomogeneities. As in the previous study, it is found that damage is not initiated at the location where the stresses are the largest but instead at the location where the densities tend to the lowest value. These locations of lower densities coincide with locations in which the deformation gradient is very large, suggesting large changes in the local volume, which is usually the precursor to phenomena such as the bursting of aneurysms.

Successful Treatment of Internal Iliac Vein Rupture During Revisional Anterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery Using a Tack: Case Report

Successful Treatment of Internal Iliac Vein Rupture During Revisional Anterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery Using a Tack: Case Report

Posttraumatic Cavernous Segment Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysmal Rupture Presenting as Tentorial Subdural Hematoma

Traumatic aneurysm rupture following a closed head injury is rare. The rupture of a cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm following a head injury presenting as a tentorial subdural hematoma has not been reported in the literature. We discuss a 50-year-old woman with a closed head injury with her initial computed tomography scan showing a tentorial subdural hematoma. Further investigations revealed the presence of a ruptured cavernous ICA aneurysm. We also conducted a literature review of posttraumatic ICA aneurysmal rupture.

Supra-patellar versus infra-patellar intramedullary nailing in treatment of tibial shaft fractures

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis between classical infra-patellar (IP) and supra-patellar (SP) intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 68 patients with tibial shaft fracture who had been treated from June 2012 to December 2014 and completed follow-ups. They were 59 males and 9 females, 18 to 87 years of age (mean, 43.7 years). Of them, 38 were treated through the SP approach and 30 through the IP approach. The 2 groups were compared in terms of surgery-related indexes, The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function score and Johner-Wruhs evaluation for clinical efficacy at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperation. The 2 groups showed no significant differences regarding preoperative general data (P>0.05). Results The 68 patients obtained an average follow-up of 6 months (range, from 1 to 9 months). Intra-operative accumulative fluoroscopy time in the IP group (2.1±1.1 s) was significantly less than in the SP group (3.3±1.8 s) (P<0.05). The number of limited open reduction (1) , intra-operative bleeding volume (128.6±164.1 mL) and number of second intra-operative shifting (4) in the SP group were significantly smaller than in the IP group (7, 216.2±195.9 mL and 10, respectively) (P<0.05). The HSS score in the SP group at 9 months (80.8±7.5 points) was significantly higher than in the IP group (74.0±5.4 points) (P<0.05). The clinical good to excellent rate at 9 months for the SP group (97.4%) was significantly higher than for the IP group (70.0%) (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative adverse events like knee pain (P<0.05). No wound infection, limb shortening, internal fixation loosening or rupture, fracture nonunion or mal-union happened in either of the 2 groups. Conclusions In the treatment of tibial shaft fractures with intramedullary nailing, the supra-patellar surgical approach may effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative knee pain so that it can prevent degenerative changes of the knee joint in the long term. It may also lower the incidence of intraoperative second shifting. It also has the advantages of limited incision, simplicity, and limited scaring. In short, it may be superior to the classical infra-patellar approach. Key words: Tibial fractures; Knee joint; Treatment outcome; Infra-patellar approach; Supra-patellar approach

Invasive Fugal Sinusitis Causing Massive Epistaxis: A Case Report

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare entity. An increase of IFS cases is observed as the number of immunosuppressive conditions are rising. Clinical suspicion is paramount due to the rapid and aggressive behaviour of this condition. Early surgical debridement and antifungal therapy correspond the first treatment option. Overall survival rate has been reported between 50-100%. Internal carotid artery rupture is a rare complication that may cause death; when present, the endovascular approach seems to be the best option for treatment. Case presentation: A 64-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented at emergency room complaining headache and diplopia. He has been treated with intranasal and systemic corticosteroids five months ago due to an acute exacerbation of his pulmonary disease. CT-scan showed sphenoid sinus opacification with erosion of the lateral wall, superior and inferior orbital fissure. Histopathology analysis of sinus mucosa identified microorganisms morphologically compatible with mucor. After one week of treatment with liposomal Amphotericin B the patient presented to the emergency room (ER) with massive epistaxis. Anterior and posterior nasal packing was performed and the imaging revealed a carotid-cavernous fistula. A left internal carotid artery occlusion was performed, with a consequent left hemi cerebral infraction. Conclusions: IFS may rapidly evolve to fatal consequences. Clinical suspicion in immunosuppressed patients is of critical importance as rapid and aggressive treatment may be lifesaving when facing IFS.

Stability of multi-anchor soil walls after loss of toe support

This paper reports the results of a novel experiment in which two nominally identical full-scale steel multi-anchor reinforced soil walls were taken to foundation failure by progressive loss of footing support. The 4-m high walls varied only with respect to reinforcement anchor lengths. The data show that facing displacements at end of construction and at time of foundation failure below the footing were greater for the wall with the shorter reinforcement lengths. Reinforcement loads at end of construction were best estimated using a working stress model proposed by the authors rather than current methods used in Japan and the UK. However, after significant loss of footing support, the Japanese Public Works Research Centre method gave more accurate and safer load predictions. Regardless, both the anchor rods and anchor plates had abundant reserve capacity to provide large margins of safety against internal tensile rupture and pullout modes of failure even after large foundation displacements.

MP33-15 MITOCHONDRIAL COLLAPSE DEPENDS ON CYCLOPHILIN D IN RENAL TUBULAR CELLS PROMOTES KIDNEY STONE FORMATION

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We recently reported that renal tubular cell injury induced by oxidative stress and subsequent mitochondrial collapse is the initial step in the process of kidney stone formation. Recently, it was shown that the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is involved in mitochondrial collapse. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein involved in MPT. Thus, we hypothesized that CypD-dependent MPT causes mitochondrial collapse and is a trigger of kidney stone formation. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial collapse depends on CypD and determined its relationship to kidney stone formation using CypD-deficient mice. METHODS: We administered 80 mg$kg 1 glyoxylic acid, a precursor of oxalic acid, intraperitoneally for 6 consecutive days to 8week-old male CypD-deficient mice (CypD-/-, n 1⁄4 6) and wild-type mice (CypDþ/þ, n 1⁄4 6). We removed the kidneys of the mice in each group 6 days after glyoxylic acid administration. Stone formation and morphology were evaluated using a polarization microscope and Pizzolato staining, and the stone formation rate was estimated using image analysis software. The form of mitochondria was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative stress, osteopontin (OPN), a stone matrix protein, and caspase 3, a marker of apoptosis, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. RESULTS: The stone formation rate of CypD-/mice (0.05%) was significantly lower than that of CypDþ/þ mice (0.22%). Expression of MDA, OPN, and caspase 3 was lower in CypD-/mice than in CypDþ/þ mice. Expression of SOD was higher in CypD-/than in CypDþ/þ mice. Based on TEM observations, CypDþ/þ mice had a disorganized internal structure and rupture of the double membrane of the mitochondria suggesting mitochondrial collapse, but such morphological changes were rare in CypD-/mice. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, during kidney stone formation, CypD influences MPT by generating mitochondrial collapse via oxidative stress, leading to renal tubular cell injury and kidney stone formation. We elucidated the mechanism of CypDdependent MPT in promoting kidney stone formation.

Off-label use of a reversed flared endurant iliac limb stengraft for the management of a life-threatening internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture

We report a case of a life-threatening internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture managed successfully with an on-table reversed flared iliac limb stentgraft and embolization. This easily off-the-shelf reproducible technique avoids using a more complex and expensive bifurcated aorto-iliac graft and could be a good solution in emergency situation where a custom graft is not available.

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Multiple Aneurysms as a Sequel of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

This case represents the first report of multiple arterial aneurysms including aortic, iliac, visceral, and coronary aneurysms associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome. It presents an interesting case of epinephrine abuse and the unfortunate sequelae. This case illustrates novel approaches in emergency repair of internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture and the management of visceral artery aneurysms and exemplifies how multiple endovascular technologies can be utilized even in the high-risk polymorbid patient.

Liquid cocaine body packers

Introduction. Internal transport of cocaine in liquid form by body packers has been reported by the media, but there are no scientific publications on the clinical aspects of this practice. Case reports. We describe two cases of body packers bearing 36 and 4 packs containing liquid cocaine in the colon and rectum, respectively. Abdominal X-ray in both cases showed radiological characteristics that differed from those commonly found in body packers transporting solid-state cocaine, heroin, or cannabis (packs with lower radiological density, diffuse borders, elongated and resembling feces). Both patients were asymptomatic and were discharged from the emergency department 6 hours after admission. Discussion. Expulsion time after laxative administration was shorter compared to “solid” drug body packers. The diagnostic sensitivity of different imaging techniques remains to be established for internally concealed liquid drugs. There have been press reports of internal pack rupture resulting in death, so caution is required. The lower radiographic density of liquid cocaine condom packs and their adaptability to intestinal anatomy make them difficult to detect using plain abdominal radiography. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of false negative radiological findings in these cases.

Long-term internal shear strength of a reinforced GCL based on shear creep rupture tests

Clay geosynthetic barriers (GBR-C) – a synonym for geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) – used on steep slopes, e.g. landfill capping systems, have to withstand permanent shear forces over the long-term. Thermoplastic materials deform under static load. Creep and chemical ageing processes (e.g. oxidation) also influence the strength of the synthetic fibres over the long-term. The lifetime of these geosynthetics (GSY) is a very important issue as GBR-Cs have to demonstrate their long-term durability for more than 100 years in cases such as e.g. landfill capping systems in Germany.The long-term shear strength will be modelled by applying shear stress for long durations at elevated temperature (i.e. to accelerate ageing). In laboratory tests running up to 2 years on a stitch-bonded GBR-C in deionised (DI) water, specimens experienced internal rupture (i.e. rupture of fibres) at higher shear stress. Results showed the times to shear failure directly depend on the applied shear stress. Using the extrapolation of the regression line of times to shear creep rupture together with a lifetime prediction the applicable shear stress was found to 28 kPa for a minimum of 100 years under a normal stress of 50 kPa at a field temperature of 30 °C. Short-term tests cannot give the answer for any long-term behaviour of GBR-Cs. There is always the need for shear creep rupture tests. This new method determines the long-term shear strength of GBR-Cs for any lifetime.