Internal Rotation Range Research Articles

Relationship between the change in one-leg standing time due to visual information interception and hip joint internal rotation pattern.

[Purpose] To clarify the relationship between the laterality of one-leg standing time (OLST) due to blocking of visual information and the laterality of hip internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM). [Subjects and Methods] The study included 101 young healthy male and female students. Hip IR ROM was classified into three patterns using left and right differences. Regarding OLST, differences between the left and right measured values with eyes open and closed were classified into three patterns. The matching rate between hip IR ROM laterality pattern and OLST laterality pattern was examined with eyes open and closed. The matching rate of the OLST laterality pattern with hip IR ROM laterality pattern in an imbalanced group was examined. [Results] A significant difference was observed between eyes open and closed conditions in the matching rates of OLST and Hip IR ROM laterality patterns in the imbalanced group. In the imbalanced group, the pattern on the side where the Hip IR is greater changes to coincide with the pattern on the side where the OLST is longer, under the eyes closed condition. [Conclusion] OLST on the side of greater Hip IR ROM tends to be longer due to visual information interception.

Arthroscopic release and repair of concomitant shoulder stiffness and cuff tear

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic capsular release and rotator cuff repair as one-stage treatment for cases with concomitant shoulder stiffness and cuff tear. Patients and methods One-stage arthroscopic capsular release with rotator cuff repair was performed in 56 patients. All patients were evaluated at a minimum 2-year follow-up with a visual analog scale score for pain, range of motion, and the Constant and University of California at Los Angeles scores for clinical assessment. Results At the final follow-up, the mean visual analog scale score improved significantly to 1.7±0.98 points postoperatively (P Conclusion The arthroscopic tackling of concomitant shoulder stiffness and cuff tear with one-stage capsular release and repair of torn rotator cuff showed satisfactory results and fastened the return to normal activities. Moreover, addition of the L-shaped posterior capsular release improved the postoperative internal rotation range of motion. Level of Evidence: Level III case–control study.

Effects of Hip Abduction Fatigue on Trunk and Shoulder Kinematics During Throwing and Passive Hip Rotational Range of Motion.

Context: Hip abductor musculature contributes to the stability of the pelvis, which is needed for efficient energy transfer from the lower-extremity to the upper-extremity during overhead throwing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a bilateral hip abduction fatigue protocol on overhead-throwing kinematics and passive hip range of motion. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Controlled laboratory setting. Participants: A convenience sample of 19 collegiate female softball players (20.6 [1.9]y; 169.3 [9.7]cm; 73.2 [11.2]kg). Main Outcome Measures: Repeated hip abduction to fatigue was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer for 3 consecutive days. Trunk and shoulder kinematics during throwing and hip internal and external rotation range of motion were analyzed prior to fatigue on day 1 (prefatigue) and following fatigue on day 3 (postfatigue). Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variances revealed no statistically significant differences in trunk and shoulder kinematics prefatigue and postfatigue. A statistically significant time × side × direction interaction (F2,36 = 5.462, P = .02, ) was observed in hip passive range of motion. A decrease in throwing-side hip internal rotation prefatigue to postfatigue (mean difference = -2.284; 95% confidence interval, -4.302 to -0.266; P = .03) was observed. Conclusions: The hip abductor fatigue protocol used in this study did not significantly alter trunk and upper-extremity throwing kinematics. The lack of changes may indicate that fatigue of the hip abductors does not contribute to trunk and shoulder kinematics during throwing or the protocol may not have been sport-specific enough to alter kinematics.

Kinematic analysis of pressing situations in female collegiate football games: New insight into anterior cruciate ligament injury causation.

The most common events during which anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in football are pressing situations. This study aimed to describe the knee and hip joint kinematics during pressing situations in football games to identify kinematic patterns in actions with a high risk for ACL injuries. We filmed 5 female collegiate football matches and identified 66 pressing situations. Five situations with a large distance between the trunk and foot placements in the sagittal plane were analyzed using a model-based image-matching technique. The mean knee flexion angle at initial contact (IC) was 13° (range, 8°-28°) and increased by 11° (95% confidence interval [CI], 3°-14°) at 40ms after IC. As for knee adduction and rotation angles, the knee positions were close to neutral at IC, and only minor knee angular changes occurred later in the sequences. The mean hip flexion was 25° (range, 8°-43°) at IC and increased by 22° (95% CI, 11°-32°) after 100ms. The hip was also externally rotated by 7° (range, -19° to 3°) at IC, and gradually rotated internally, reaching 10° of internal rotation (range, -5° to 27°) at 100ms after IC. This study suggests that the observed knee valgus, internal hip and knee rotation, and static hip flexion previously reported in non-contact ACL injury events are unique to injury situations. In contrast, neither rapid knee valgus nor increased internal rotation was seen in non-injury pressing maneuvers.

Validity and Intra-Rater Reliability of Laser Goniometer Versus Electro-Goniometer in Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion

Background: Providing new objective valid and reliable methods of assessment of a range of motion is always a persistent need for clinical practitioners and researchers in physical therapy for obtaining precised and realistic diagnostic and treatment decisions. So this study was carried out to test the validity and intra-rater reliability of the laser goniometer via comparing repeated measures of laser and electro-goniometers in measuring a range of motion of shoulder movements considering the electro-goniometer as the reference standard.Methods: one hundred healthy males with ages ranging between 20-30 years shared in this study. Three consecutive measures of bilateral shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation range of motion were performed by the same examiner on each subject by each of the laser and electro-goniometer, with standardized measurement procedures, subjects’ positions, and stabilizations.Results: Pearson (r), paired T-test, and intra-class (ICC) correlation coefficients were used to test the validity and intra-rater reliability of the laser goniometer in comparison to the electro-goniometer. And the results of the validity testing showed a very strong relationship between readings by both devices (r=0.84 to 0.93) and also no significant differences between means of readings of both devices with the p-value ranging between 0.13 and 0.97. Also, ICC revealed high intra-rater reliability of laser goniometer on repeated measures of shoulder range of motions (ICC=0.98-0.99).Conclusion: laser goniometer can be used as a new valid, reliable digital objective method of measurement of shoulder range of motion.

Infraspinatus Cross-Sectional Area and Shoulder Range of Motion Change Following Live-Game Baseball Pitching.

Following a baseball pitching bout, changes can occur to glenohumeral range of motion that could be linked to injury. These effects are in part due to the posterior shoulder's eccentric muscle activity, which can disrupt muscle contractile elements and lead to changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), as measured by ultrasound. To assess changes in muscle CSA, and range of motion immediately before and after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following pitching. Repeated measures. Satellite athletic training room. Ten elite college baseball pitchers participating in the fall season (age: 18.8 [1.2]y, height: 189.2 [7.3]cm, mass: 93.1 [15.3]kg, 8 starters, 2 long relievers). A pitching bout of at least 25 pitches (63.82 [17.42] pitches). Dominant and nondominant infraspinatus CSA, as measured by ultrasound, and glenohumeral range of motion including internal rotation (IRROM), external rotation (ERROM), and total rotation range of motion (TROM) before pitching, after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following the pitching bout. Dominant limb CSA significantly increased day 1 after pitching, and returned to baseline on day 2 (P < .001). Dominant and nondominant TROM did not change until day 5 (4.4°, P < .001) and day 3 (4.5°, P < .001), respectively, where they increased. Dominant IRROM was significantly decreased for 3 days (day 1: 1.9°, P < .001; day 2: 3.1°, P < .001; day 3: 0.3°, P < .001) following pitching and returned to baseline on day 4, with no such changes in the nondominant limb. Dominant external rotation significantly increased immediately post pitching (4.4°, P < .001) but returned to baseline by day 1. The results of the study demonstrate that infraspinatus CSA does not recover until 2 days following pitching, and IRROM does not recover until 4 days following pitching. Baseball pitching elicits damage to the posterior shoulder muscle architecture, resulting in changes to physical characteristics that last up to 4 days following pitching.

Physical and Functional Differences in Youth Baseball Players With and Without Throwing-Related Pain.

Background:Identifying risk factors that contribute to shoulder and elbow pain within youth baseball players is important for improving injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.Hypothesis:Differences will exist between youth baseball players with and without a history of upper extremity pain on measures related to growth, shoulder performance, and baseball exposure.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A total of 84 youth baseball players were divided into 2 groups based on self-reported history of throwing-related arm pain. Group differences for growth-related, shoulder performance, and baseball exposure variables were analyzed by use of parametric and nonparametric tests, as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess variables most predictive of pain.Results:The group of athletes with pain (n = 16) were taller and heavier, played more baseball per year, and had greater pitching velocity. Athletes with pain also had greater loss of internal rotation range of motion and greater side-to-side asymmetry in humeral retrotorsion (HRT), attributable to lower degrees of HRT within the nondominant humerus. Multivariate analysis revealed that player height was most predictive of pain, with a 1-inch increase in height resulting in a 77% increased risk of pain.Conclusion:Vertical growth that accompanies adolescence increases the risk of experiencing throwing-related pain in youth baseball players. Players who are taller, particularly those with faster pitching velocities, are at the greatest risk for developing pain and should be more carefully monitored for resultant injury. The degree of nondominant HRT may have a relationship to the development of pain, but further research is required to better understand the implications of this observation.

Effects of a hip brace on biomechanics and pain in people with femoroacetabular impingement

ObjectivesThis study evaluates whether hip bracing in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) (a) immediately reduces range of hip internal rotation, flexion, adduction, and pain during functional tasks; and (b) improves patient-reported outcomes when worn daily over 4 weeks. DesignWithin-participant design followed by a case series. MethodsTwenty-five adults with symptomatic FAI underwent 3D kinematic assessment with and without a hip brace during single-leg squat, double-leg squat, stair ascent, and stair descent. A subset of this population (n=17) continued to wear the brace daily for 4-weeks. A linear mixed statistical model was used to assess pain and kinematic differences between the braced and unbraced conditions at baseline testing. Patient-reported outcomes (NRS pain, iHot-33 and HAGOS questionnaires) at 4-weeks were compared to baseline using paired t-tests. ResultsBracing resulted in significant but small reductions in peak hip flexion ranging between 5.3° (95% CI 0.8°–9.7°) and 5.6° (95% CI 1.1°–10.0°), internal rotation ranging between 2.5° (95% CI 0.6°–4.4°) and 6.4° (95% CI 4.5°–8.2°), and adduction ranging between 2.2° (95% CI 0.5°–3.8°) and 3.3° (95% CI 1.6°–5.0°) during all tasks, except flexion during single-leg squat, compared with the unbraced condition; pain was not significantly improved with the brace. Bracing over four weeks did not significantly change patient-reported outcomes. ConclusionsBracing subtly limited impinging hip movements during functional tasks, but did not immediately reduce pain or improve patient-reported clinical outcomes after 4 weeks in a young adult cohort with long-standing FAI.

Effects of Self-Myofascial Release on Shoulder Function and Perception in Adolescent Tennis Players.

Tennis induces a decreased internal rotation range of motion at the dominant glenohumeral joint. The effects of self-myofascial release have not yet been investigated to restore glenohumeral range of motion. This study aimed at investigating the effects of self-myofascial release on shoulder function and perception in adolescent tennis players. Test-retest design. Tennis training sport facilities. Eleven male players participated in this study (age: 15 [3]y; height: 173.1 [11.1]cm; mass: 56.0 [15.1]kg; International Tennis Number: 3). During 5 weeks, the players performed their regular tennis training. During 5 additional weeks, self-myofascial release of the infraspinatus and pectoralis muscles was implemented 3 times per week after the warm-up of the regular training session. The primary outcome was glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion. The secondary outcomes were perceived shoulder instability and tennis serve accuracy and velocity. Adding self-myofascial release allowed an increase of 11° (2°) of internal rotation range of motion at the dominant glenohumeral joint (P < .001) and a decreased perception of shoulder instability (P = .03), while maintaining tennis serve velocity and accuracy. Implementing self-myofascial release on infraspinatus and pectoralis muscles 3 times per week during 5 weeks improved dominant glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion in tennis players. It can be used as a strategy to preserve the mobility of this joint.

Is high hip center technique an acceptable choice for total hip arthroplasty of the developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful method to treat osteoarthritis secondary to the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). As anatomic deformity of acetabulum, anatomic hip center placing of the socket may lead insufficient host bone coverage, therefore, high hip center (HHC) technique is an alternative choice. Location of the hip rotation center can be referenced by inter teardrop line, the highest point of the obturator foramen, summit of the iliac crests, ischial tuberosities and other anatomic landmarks. The HHC technique is supposed to increase host bone coverage of socket without structural bone grafts, simplify surgical procedures, reduce anesthetic and surgical time, conserve adequate healthy bone stock for revision, however, it leads to insufficiency of the abductor muscles, is speculated to increase the hip load, lower the range of hip flexion and internal rotation (IR). Loosening rates and polyethylene wear vary in different studies. Concerning about these factors, HHC technique is acceptable while center of rotation located at a horizontal level with distance less than 35 mm from the inter teardrop line, moreover, medialization of these HHC reconstructions is suggested.

Risk factors for overuse shoulder injuries in a mixed-sex cohort of 329 elite handball players: previous findings could not be confirmed

BackgroundShoulder injuries are common among handball players and predominantly characterised by overuse characteristics. Reduced total glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis have been identified as risk factors among...

Ultra-long-toss vs Straight-line Throwing for Glenohumeral Range of Motion Recovery in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers

Objectives:Repetitive throwing in baseball pitchers can lead to pathologic changes in shoulder anatomy with potential subsequent injury. There have been few studies on throwing regimens and the types of throwing most efficacious for both maintenance and recovery during the baseball season. Limited-distance straight-line throwing (SLT) mimics more normal pitching mechanics, whereas ultra-long-toss (ULT) at greater than physiological throwing distances changes shoulder kinematics, but theoretically offers the advantage of stretching the posterior capsule. Debate exists as to whether ULT or SLT is superior for glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) recovery after baseball pitching. We hypothesize that ULT, via a potential mechanism of posterior shoulder capsular stretching, will be more effective in returning a pitcher’s baseline external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), and total range of motion (TROM) when compared to SLT in a cohort of collegiate pitchers.Methods:Sixteen Division-I collegiate baseball pitchers were randomized to ULT (n=8, mean age 20.1 ± 1.4 years) or SLT group (n=8, mean age 20.0 ± 1.1 years). Measurements (dominant and non-dominant ER, IR, and TROM) were taken at five time-points across three days: before and immediately after a standardized bullpen (BP) session on day 1; before and immediately after a standardized ULT or SLT session on day 2; and before practice on day 3. Data were analyzed using mix design ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was used to detect differences between time-points.Results:In the ULT group (Table 1), dominant ER significantly increased from baseline to final measurements (129° to 136°, p=0.006). Significant increase in ER was observed between pre- and post-long-toss throwing (+6.2°, p=0.004). Dominant IR significantly decreased from baseline to final measurements (57° to 50°, p=0.002). TROM did not significantly change across time-points. In the SLT group, dominant ER increased from baseline to final measurements (139° to 142°), but failed to reach statistical significance. Dominant IR did not vary significantly across time-points, nor did TROM.Conclusion:Our results do not support our initial hypothesis. ULT yielded greater increases in ER and decreases in IR in comparison to SLT. Total range of motion did not change over time in either throwing group; however, the overall arc of motion changed more significantly in ULT pitchers, secondary to the greater ER and less IR. We had anticipated an increase in IR with ULT due to the theoretical advantage of posterior capsule stretching. The observed IR decrease suggests ULT may cause additive microtrauma resulting in capsular tightness rather than recovering shoulder ROM. Ultra-long-toss throwing should be further evaluated in the context of training, rehabilitation, and injury-prevention.Table 1.Dominant shoulder ROM in the ultra-long-toss group (n=8).Time-pointERIRTROMGIRD1. Pre-BP129.456.718612.82. Post-BP133.757.8191.57.03. Pre-throw131.649.2180.815.14. Post-throw137.852.4190.214.55. Final135.950.2186.19.8p-value<0.001<0.001<0.0010.006

Upper Extremity Range of Motion and Pitching Profile of Baseball Pitchers in Japan.

Background:Shoulder range of motion and pitch count in baseball pitchers have been linked to pitching-related upper extremity injury.Purpose:To investigate upper extremity range of motion and pitching profiles in baseball pitchers in Japan as well as to make a comparison between injured and noninjured pitchers.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Forty-one Little League to college-level baseball pitchers were measured for bilateral shoulder and elbow range of motion, including shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), shoulder horizontal adduction (HAD), and elbow extension (EXT). They were also asked to answer a simple questionnaire regarding their past pitching-related medical history and pitching profile. Additionally, 28 participants with baseball-related upper extremity injuries (injury group) were compared with 13 participants without injury (no-injury group) for the same parameters. Collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance.Results:Significant limb differences (dominant vs nondominant side) were noted for ER (117.2° vs 109.8°, P = .02), IR (53.5° vs 61.9°, P = .007), HAD (28.3° vs 32.8°, P = .03), and EXT (1.0° vs 4.6°, P = .01). A significant between-group difference (injury vs no-injury group) was observed for IR in both the dominant (55.4° vs 45.6°, P = .03) and nondominant shoulder (65.3° vs 55.0°, P = .01). Participants in the injury group pitched more games in a season and more innings per game started.Conclusion:Japanese baseball pitchers displayed adaptive changes in upper extremity range of motion similar to American pitchers when compared bilaterally. Injured pitchers exhibited greater IR range of motion in their pitching arm compared with noninjured pitchers.

Range limitation in hip internal rotation and fifth metatarsal stress fractures (Jones fracture) in professional football players.

To identify unknown risk factors associated with fifth metatarsal stress fracture (Jones fracture). A case-controlled study was conducted among male Japanese professional football (soccer) players with (N=20) and without (N=40) a history of Jones fracture. Injury history and physical examination data were reviewed, and the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, leg dominance and body mass index were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to describe the association between physical examination data and the presence or absence of Jones fractures. From 2000 to 2014, among 162 professional football club players, 22 (13.6%; 21 Asians and one Caucasian) had a history of Jones fracture. Thirteen out of 22 (60%) had a Jones fracture in their non-dominant leg. The mean range of hip internal rotation (HIR) was restricted in players with a history of Jones fracture [25.9°±7.5°, mean±standard deviation (SD)] compared to those without (40.4°±11.1°, P<0.0001). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that HIR limitation increased the risk of a Jones fracture (OR=3.03, 95% CI 1.45-6.33, P=0.003). Subgroup analysis using data prior to Jones fracture revealed a causal relationship, such that players with a restriction of HIR were at high risk of developing a Jones fracture [Crude OR (95% CI)=6.66 (1.90-23.29), P=0.003, Adjusted OR=9.91 (2.28-43.10), P=0.002]. In addition, right HIR range limitation increased the risks of developing a Jones fracture in the ipsilateral and the contralateral feet [OR=3.11 (1.35-7.16) and 2.24 (1.22-4.12), respectively]. Similarly, left HIR range limitation increased the risks in the ipsilateral or the contralateral feet [OR (95% CI)=4.88 (1.56-15.28) and 2.77 (1.08-7.08), respectively]. The restriction of HIR was associated with an increased risk of developing a Jones fracture. Since the HIR range is a modifiable factor, monitoring and improving the HIR range can lead to prevent reducing the occurrence of this fracture. III.

Acute effects of self-myofascial release and stretching in overhead athletes with GIRD

ObjectiveTo examine the acute effects of self-myofascial release (SMR), static stretching (SS), and the combination of self-myofascial release and static stretching (SMR + SS) on glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion (GH IR ROM) in overhead athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). ParticipantsTwelve asymptomatic adult male amateur softball position players exhibiting GIRD. ResultsAll three methods significantly improved GH IR ROM. Post hoc testing revealed that SS alone and SMR + SS improved GH IR ROM significantly more than SMR alone. However, there were no significant differences in GH IR ROM between SS alone and SMR + SS. ConclusionsIf an athlete has a limited time to perform a warm-up (e.g., 3–4 min), SS alone is recommended to improve GH IR ROM. However, if the athlete has more time available to warm up (e.g., 7–8 min), combining SMR + SS may result in a greater increase in GH IR ROM.

Effects of different medial arch support heights on rearfoot kinematics.

BackgroundFoot orthoses are usually assumed to be effective by optimizing mechanically dynamic rearfoot configuration. However, the effect from a foot orthosis on kinematics that has been demonstrated scientifically has only been marginal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different heights in medial arch-supported foot orthoses on rear foot motion during gait.MethodsNineteen asymptomatic runners (36±11years, 180±5cm, 79±10kg; 41±22km/week) participated in the study. Trials were recorded at 3.1 mph (5 km/h) on a treadmill. Athletes walked barefoot and with 4 different not customized medial arch-supported foot orthoses of various arch heights (N:0 mm, M:30 mm, H:35 mm, E:40mm). Six infrared cameras and the `Oxford Foot Model´ were used to capture motion. The average stride in each condition was calculated from 50 gait cycles per condition. Eversion excursion and internal tibia rotation were analyzed. Descriptive statistics included calculating the mean ± SD and 95% CIs. Group differences by condition were analyzed by one factor (foot orthoses) repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsEversion excursion revealed the lowest values for N and highest for H (B:4.6°±2.2°; 95% CI [3.1;6.2]/N:4.0°±1.7°; [2.9;5.2]/M:5.2°±2.6°; [3.6;6.8]/H:6.2°±3.3°; [4.0;8.5]/E:5.1°±3.5°; [2.8;7.5]) (p>0.05). Range of internal tibia rotation was lowest with orthosis H and highest with E (B:13.3°±3.2°; 95% CI [11.0;15.6]/N:14.5°±7.2°; [9.2;19.6]/M:13.8°±5.0°; [10.8;16.8]/H:12.3°±4.3°; [9.0;15.6]/E:14.9°±5.0°; [11.5;18.3]) (p>0.05). Differences between conditions were small and the intrasubject variation high.ConclusionOur results indicate that different arch support heights have no systematic effect on eversion excursion or the range of internal tibia rotation and therefore might not exert a crucial influence on rear foot alignment during gait.

Rotational glenohumeral adaptations are associated with shoulder pathology in professional male handball players.

Glenohumeral range of motion adaptations may affect throwing athletes and contribute to shoulder injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shoulder rotation deficits among elite professional handball players and its correlation to the presence of shoulder pain and morphological changes. Eighty-seven elite professional handball players and 41 healthy non-athlete volunteers participated in the study. Evaluations included measurement of range of internal and external rotation, total arch of motion, identification of shoulder pain and ultrasound scan for diagnosis of rotator cuff tears and internal impingement. Glenohumeral rotational deficits (>20-25°) were found among 11 players group (13%). The throwing shoulders in the players group showed a decrease in internal rotation and an increase in external rotation with significantly larger ranges among players compared to the non-athlete group. Internal rotation deficit >20° was associated with higher incidence of shoulder pain among players. Both internal rotation deficits (>25°) and total arch of motion deficit (>20°) co-existed with higher incidence of internal impingement. Shoulder pain was common (36/97-41%) and was associated with decreased external rotation and total arch of motion. Internal impingement (found in 13/87-15%) correlated with decreased rotation ranges and a greater deficit in total arch of motion, whereas higher gain in external rotation correlated with a partial rotator cuff tear (found in 12/87-14%). Shoulder pathologies and problems commonly affected the group of handball players. Greater glenohumeral rotational deficits in throwing shoulders of handball players correlate with shoulder pain and internal impingement, while increased external rotation with partial rotator cuff tears. Such deficits affect 13% of the athlete population. Major clinical relevance of the study is to monitor handball players' shoulders both clinically and by proper imaging. Evaluation of range of rotation seems to identify shoulders at risk of the pathology. Cross-Sectional study with control group, Level II.

RISK FACTORS FOR OVERUSE SHOULDER INJURIES AMONG 329 ELITE HANDBALL PLAYERS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

BackgroundShoulder injuries are common among handball players and are dominated by overuse characteristics.ObjectiveAssess the effect of three previously identified risk factors for shoulder problems (reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness...

SHOULDER FUNCTION AND SHOULDER COMPLAINTS IN DANISH ELITE BADMINTON PLAYERS

BackgroundShoulder function and the prevalence of shoulder complaints in elite badminton are not well described.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare players who reported previous or present shoulder complaints...

Assessment of shoulder mobility in women over 60 years of age after one-sided mastectomy

The overall risk of contracting various diseases, including breast cancer, increases with age. An on-going process of population ageing challenges modern physiotherapy with the need to have functional capacity in older people appreciably enhanced. The issue of anthropometric assessment of the range of motion and shoulder muscle strength is presently much underrated in the physical rehabilitation management of women patients after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study aimed to assess the functional mobility of a shoulder expressed as a range of motion, in conjunction with the assessment of shoulder muscle strength, in women patients over 60 years of age after radical one-sided mastectomy. The study comprised 24 patients (mean age 65 years) recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce. All patients had undergone modifi ed radical mastectomy using the Madden technique, and an adjuvant therapy. The shoulder range of motion, i.e. flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, was evaluated by a goniometer. Elevation, protraction and retraction movements were evaluated using an anthropometric device. A dynamometer was applied to assess the strength of select muscle groups within the shoulder during elevation, protraction and retraction motions. Statistical analysis was made with the aid of STATISTICA 12.0 software, having adopted a 0.05 alpha level as statistically signifi cant. The movements of fl exion, abduction and external rotation of the upper extremity were signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. The range of motion and muscle strength during shoulder elevation, protraction and retraction were significantly diminished on the operated side (12% - 14%), compared to the non-operated one. 1. Functional mobility of the shoulder was signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. 2. Results of the present study highlight the need to extend the scope of rehabilitation regimens offered to older women after radical one-sided mastectomy.