Internal Reforming Research Articles

Modernization of the regulation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the system of normative guidelines for parliamentary reform

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of modernization of the Regulation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) in the context of the key guidelines of parliamentary reform at the current stage of Ukraine’s development. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of scientific and legal conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: dialectical, analytical-synthetic, hermeneutic, systemic-structural, prognostic. The results. In the process of research, it was found that the optimal way to modernize the Regulation is to focus on the system of normative guidelines for parliamentary reform, which reflect its objective and natural nature. It has been established that the system of such guidelines is provided for in the Report and Roadmap presented by the Evaluation Mission of the European Parliament on internal reform and increasing the institutional capacity of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Such benchmarks need their consistent and objective disclosure when adjusting the norms of the Regulation taking into the state of parliamentary procedures. Through a systematic analysis of normative material and legislative developments, the specifics of each of the identified methods of modernization of the Regulation under modern conditions were revealed. Originality. In the process of research, it was established that the modernization of the Regulation should take place on the basis of scientific ideas about the system of normative guidelines of the parliamentary reform, which reflect its objective and natural character. The requirements of constitutionalization, Europeanization, digitalization, consensualization, as well as ensuring regulatory continuity and adaptation to changes are identified as key. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used both during the current (preparation of current changes to the Regulation) and during prospective (planning of comprehensive changes to the Regulation) legislative work on improving the Regulation.

Thermodynamic Models of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs): A Review

In the delicate context of climate change and global warming, new technologies are being investigated in order to reduce pollution. The SOFC stands out as one of the most promising fuel cell technologies for directly converting chemical energy into electrical energy, with the added benefit of potential integration into co-generation systems due to its high-temperature waste heat. They also offer multi-fuel flexibility, being able to operate on hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and more. Additionally, they could contribute to carbon sequestration efforts and, when paired with a GT, achieve the highest efficiency in electricity generation for power plants. However, their development is still challenged by issues related to high-temperature materials, the design of cost-effective materials and manufacturing processes, and the optimization of efficient plant designs. To better understand SOFC operation, numerous mathematical models have been developed to solve transport equations coupled with electrochemical processes for three primary configurations: tubular, planar, and monolithic. These models capture reaction kinetics, including internal reforming chemistry. Recent advancements in modeling have significantly improved the design and performance of SOFCs, leading to a sharp rise in research contributions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of SOFC modeling, highlighting key challenges that remain unresolved for further investigation by researchers.

Dampak dari Pelanggaran Etika Bisnis terhadap Hak Pekerja di PT Alpen Food Industry (AICE)

This study aims to analyze the impact of violations of business ethics on workers' rights at PT Alpen Food Industry, known as a leading ice cream producer in Southeast Asia. The company faces a number of violations, including inadequate working conditions, inadequate wage payments, excessive working hours, and discrimination against female workers. The study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, where data is obtained from various articles, reports, and relevant documents. The results of the study indicate that violations of workers' rights, such as violations of leave rights, unsafe working conditions, gender discrimination, and non-compliance with labor laws, have a significant impact on workers' welfare, the company's reputation, and its business sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in the in-depth analysis of the implications of violations of business ethics on the sustainability of companies in the food industry sector, with the implication that internal policy reform, strengthening law enforcement, and consistent application of business ethics are needed to create a safe, fair, and conducive work environment.

Numerical investigation of micro solid oxide fuel cell performance in combination with artificial intelligence approach.

The current study presents a multiphysics numerical model for a micro-planar proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell (H-SOFC). The numerical model considered an anode-supported H-SOFC with direct internal reforming (DIR) of methane. The model solves coupled nonlinear equations, including continuity, momentum, mass transfer, chemical and electrochemical reactions, and energy equations. Furthermore, The numerical model results are used in artificial intelligence (AI) models, the K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and, artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the current density and power density of the H-SOFC. The results show that increasing the air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio decreases the current density and overall cell power. In particular, improvements in power and current density observed in H-SOFC when the A/F ratio is set to 0.5, resulting in a respective increase of 2% and 7% compared to the initial state at A/F=1. With an error rate of less than 1% and an R-score of around 99%, the ANN model shows good agreement with the numerical results.

The Impact of Studies on Production-Oriented Approach Used in Teaching in College System

The need for innovative teaching methods that are appropriate for today's classrooms has grown as a result of China's internal education system reform. With the ongoing advancements in Chinese education, the conventional method of instruction is no longer appropriate for the country's demands. In addition to fostering a closer relationship between students and instructors in the classroom, the new teaching technique known as POA (Production-Oriented Approach) theory also works to advance China's educational system. The topic of collegiate English teaching in China is the focus of this study, which attempts to investigate the good and bad impacts of the POA theory on the numerous subjects engaged in this particular profession. Therefore, by examining the justifications for the use of the POA theory and its influencing mechanisms, this study employs the literature review approach to describe the benefits and drawbacks of implementing the POA theory.

Evaluation of Properties of La1-XCexCr0.5Ni0.5O3-Δ for Internal Dry Reforming of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has environmental benefits because it uses CH4 and CO2, two major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Additionally, SOFCs operate at high temperatures, so the DRM reaction can be performed directly internally without a separate reformer. However, the carbon coking generated after the reaction is produced through the pyrolysis of methane and the Boudouard reaction, which can be a major disadvantage of DRM. In this study, La1-xCexCr0.5Ni0.5O3-δ (LCCN) perovskite was investigated as a material to minimize carbon coking and improve catalytic activity for DRM inside SOFCs. LCCN was synthesized through the Pechini method, and Ce was substituted for La in the A-site. At 800℃, the conversion rates of LCCN55, LCCN64, and LCCN82 were high and stable at over 90 % for 40 hours. Oxygen vacancies were 53.3, 40.80, and 34.41 % in LCCN55, LCCN64, and LCCN82, respectively. These oxygen vacancies are important for increasing resistance to carbon deposition. Based on the results of this experiment, we plan to manufacture a fuel cell and measure its electrochemical performance, and as shown in the GC results, it is believed that LCCN55 will show excellent and stable long-term performance.

Embracing Controversy: A Second Look at CDC Reform Efforts in the Wake of COVID-19.

Addressing criticism that the agency's Covid-19 response was lacking, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has proposed internal agency reforms intended to improve its performance during the next pandemic. They are aimed at improving surveillance and analytic capacity and agency communications. This essay, via a counterfactual analysis of the CDC's proposed reforms, asks how, if completed in advance of Covid-19, they might have changed outcomes in four cases of guidance controversy during the pandemic. CDC planned reforms, though they have merit, are predicated on the ability to come to "scientific closure" in a highly charged political environment. To improve outcomes in a future pandemic, the agency should consider how it plans to communicate with the public when recovering from error and when addressing controversy spurred by criticism from credible experts. However, the ability of future presidents to limit CDC performance and communications in the next pandemic and the lack of political consensus around the value of independent public health expertise threaten the agency's reform goals.

You’re projecting! Global Britain, European strategic autonomy and the discursive rescue of the internationalised state

ABSTRACT How do leaders respond to costly demands to re-nationalise political control? The re-shaping of state–society relations engendered by globalisation has produced a backlash in the form of populist demands to “take back control”, yet leaders face significant costs in responding to demands to re-nationalise highly interdependent economies. In this article, we show how leaders respond to these demands by crafting new discourses of their polity’s position in the international system, a process we term “discursive externalisation”. Externalisation is a cheap way of responding to domestic pressures which avoids powerful domestic veto players while benefiting from the rallying effects of foreign policy renewal. By keeping rhetoric broad, externalisation can co-opt elements of the status quo in favour of new representations of state–society relations and a new basis for political legitimacy. We demonstrate our argument empirically by examining the articulation of new discourses in the foreign and security policy domain after the 2016 Brexit referendum in both the UK and the EU. We show how ideas of “Global Britain” and “European strategic autonomy” both helped to rearticulate the relationship between the polity and its citizens by externalising agendas for internal reform, transforming crises of legitimacy into discourses of international renewal.

North Africa in the Foreign Policy of Catherine II

The 18th century represented a transformative era for the Russian Empire, characterized by substantial internal reforms and notable foreign policy achievements. Amidst sweeping modernization efforts, Russia secured significant victories on the international stage. Under Peter I, Russia "opened a window" to Europe, while Catherine II's reign expanded Russia's geopolitical reach to the Black Sea, facilitating access to fertile southern territories and establishing crucial maritime routes for international trade. These strategic advancements considerably enhanced Russia's influence and strategic capacities. During Catherine II’s reign, Russia also initiated its first forays into North Africa, a region previously beyond the empire's strategic horizon. Prior to gaining maritime access to the Black and Mediterranean Seas, Russian interaction with North African territories was negligible. However, the geopolitical landscape of Catherine's era prompted the necessity of engaging with Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Tripoli.This article investigates the principal foreign policy initiatives of Russia toward North Africa during the latter half of the 18th century. These efforts served as ancillary operations to Russia's overarching conflict with the Ottoman Empire. Throughout the Russo-Turkish Wars, Russia exploited separatist movements within the Ottoman periphery to weaken its adversary strategically. In times of peace, Russian priorities shifted to safeguarding merchant vessels in the Mediterranean from attacks by Barbary corsairs—specifically from Tunisia, Algeria, and Tripoli. To mitigate these threats, Russia employed diplomatic pressure on the Sublime Porte and sought to negotiate peace agreements with North African states. Nevertheless, these early Russian engagements in North Africa were tentative and often marked by limited success and instances of diplomatic adventurism, leaving several initiatives unrealized.Utilizing archival documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI) and the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), this article provides a detailed examination of Russia’s diplomatic decision-making and negotiations with North African states. While prior Russian and foreign scholarship has analyzed specific events and countries in this context, this study seeks to offer a more holistic understanding of Russia’s foreign policy objectives and actions in North Africa during the 18th century.

In the Tunisian Opposition (Again): Ennahda's ‘Renaissance’ Through Failure?

AbstractTunisian President Kais Saied's coup in July 2021 has confronted the Renaissance Party, or Ennahda, with a dilemma: Reassume the comfortable position of defending freedoms and maintain party unity, or implement internal reforms, including an overhaul of its leadership and platform. But the party is trapped in a vicious circle. The political context requires unity and is therefore not conducive to a messy process of internal change. However, reform is needed to restore Ennahda's relevance. The repression of Ennahda and imprisonment of its key leaders—including its president, Rached Ghannouchi—make it unlikely that the party's 11th congress, which had been due to take place in 2020, will ever be scheduled. This article examines Ennahda's ascent after the 2011 uprisings and its role both in the transition to democracy and in the events that led to Saied's takeover. It then analyzes critiques by current and former party officials to understand the internal debate over renewing the platform and installing fresh leadership. It also evaluates alternatives to the party, as it is likely to fade gradually. At stake for Tunisia more broadly is the representation of the conservative segment of the population and the return of a pluralist and competitive political scene.

Russian-Romanian relations during the Balkan Wars in the to memoirs and reports of Nikolai Shebeko, envoy to Bucharest (1912–1913)

Following the conclusion of the Crimean War, Russia adopted a policy aimed at the abolition of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which it perceived as humiliating. To this end, Russia commenced a process of rapprochement with France, resulting in the signing of an agreement in 1859. However, having secured Russian neutrality during the 1859 Italian War, France was reluctant to honour reciprocal commitments supporting Russian efforts to abrogate the terms of the 1856 Treaty. It became increasingly clear that Napoleon III’s policy was lacking in sincerity when the Polish question reached a new level of aggravation. In a joint initiative with the United Kingdom and Austria, France launched a comprehensive political and diplomatic offensive against Russia with the intention of exerting pressure and transforming the Polish question into an international issue. Russia, on the other hand, required peace to enable the continuation of internal reforms. Consequently, it sought to identify strategies to resist the interference of the great powers. Belgium, neighbouring France, emerged as a key player in this endeavour. King Leopold I, motivated by the objective of maintaining European equilibrium, wary of the French emperor, and intent on demonstrating that the Polish question could not impinge upon the bilateral relationship between Russia and Belgium, proved to be a pivotal intermediary in the diplomatic negotiations with Paris, London, and Vienna. The reports of the Russian envoy to Belgium, Nikolai Orlov, served to supplement the information that had been transmitted by other Russian embassies in Europe. However, adhering to the instructions that had been provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Orlov, who was known for his independent views and sympathetic attitude towards the fate of Polish émigrés, openly expressed his own judgements on the possible solutions to the Polish question in his dealings with Russian and European statesmen, as well as with representatives of the Tsar’s family. Consequently, during the Polish crisis, Napoleon III endeavoured to engage Orlov in the diplomatic process. In the article, the author analyses the activities of the embassy in Brussels in 1863–1864 drawing on a hitherto unexamined set of archival documents. In addition, she examines the extent to which the mission of Nikolai Orlov as a diplomat was successful. Furthermore, the article reveals new details of the diplomatic negotiations between European states that took place during the period of international tensions in the early 1860s.

Russian embassy in Brussels and the January Uprising, 1863–1864

Following the conclusion of the Crimean War, Russia adopted a policy aimed at the abolition of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which it perceived as humiliating. To this end, Russia commenced a process of rapprochement with France, resulting in the signing of an agreement in 1859. However, having secured Russian neutrality during the 1859 Italian War, France was reluctant to honour reciprocal commitments supporting Russian efforts to abrogate the terms of the 1856 Treaty. It became increasingly clear that Napoleon III’s policy was lacking in sincerity when the Polish question reached a new level of aggravation. In a joint initiative with the United Kingdom and Austria, France launched a comprehensive political and diplomatic offensive against Russia with the intention of exerting pressure and transforming the Polish question into an international issue. Russia, on the other hand, required peace to enable the continuation of internal reforms. Consequently, it sought to identify strategies to resist the interference of the great powers. Belgium, neighbouring France, emerged as a key player in this endeavour. King Leopold I, motivated by the objective of maintaining European equilibrium, wary of the French emperor, and intent on demonstrating that the Polish question could not impinge upon the bilateral relationship between Russia and Belgium, proved to be a pivotal intermediary in the diplomatic negotiations with Paris, London, and Vienna. The reports of the Russian envoy to Belgium, Nikolai Orlov, served to supplement the information that had been transmitted by other Russian embassies in Europe. However, adhering to the instructions that had been provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Orlov, who was known for his independent views and sympathetic attitude towards the fate of Polish émigrés, openly expressed his own judgements on the possible solutions to the Polish question in his dealings with Russian and European statesmen, as well as with representatives of the Tsar’s family. Consequently, during the Polish crisis, Napoleon III endeavoured to engage Orlov in the diplomatic process. In the article, the author analyses the activities of the embassy in Brussels in 1863–1864 drawing on a hitherto unexamined set of archival documents. In addition, she examines the extent to which the mission of Nikolai Orlov as a diplomat was successful. Furthermore, the article reveals new details of the diplomatic negotiations between European states that took place during the period of international tensions in the early 1860s.

Upaya Bendahara Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam Menyikapi Budaya Korupsi di Masyarakat

The culture of corruption that is pervasive in Indonesian society presents major challenges for Correctional Institutions, especially in maintaining financial integrity. The prison treasurer has a strategic role in responding to this phenomenon through a series of steps such as implementing a transparent financial management system, increasing strict internal supervision, and regular training for employees regarding ethics and integrity. Apart from that, community involvement and collaboration with external institutions are also needed to strengthen accountability and ensure that efforts to eradicate corruption are effective. Through a comprehensive and collaborative approach, prisons strive to create an environment that is clean and free from corruption. These efforts are not only focused on internal reform, but also on strengthening relations between government institutions, civil society and the private sector, in order to build a system that is more accountable and has high integrity. In the midst of existing progress, significant challenges still hinder this effort, but multidimensional efforts are expected to provide long-term positive impacts.

A Retrospective Study of Technology Business Incubators in the Philippines

This study aims to assess Technology Business Incubators under (TBIs) the Higher Education Institution Readiness for Innovation and Technopreneurship (HeIRIT) with the auspices of the UPSCALE Innovation Hub, University of the Philippines-Diliman and the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD). Twenty TBIs were identified to give feedback and used as study participants using a questionnaire created by researchers based on the existing DOST metrics. The study's findings provided insightful information for implementing authorities both internal and external reforms.

The Influence of the Meiji Restoration on the Rise of Militarism in Japan: An Analysis of Internal Reforms and External Influences

Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan was experiencing exploitation and oppression from Western imperialism as China did, and Japan was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with Western countries. The oppression of imperialism made Japan realize the importance of having a strong army, therefore after the Meiji Restoration, the government decided to enhance Japans military capability to win the respect of Western countries and revise the unequal treaties that Japan was previously forced to sign. Later, Japans military power increased significantly due to militarism, which was why Japan defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War and defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. The victory of these wars made the country gain the respect of Western countries and made the government sure of the importance of a powerful military. The thing that made Japan become a great power was militarism, which was promoted by the Meiji Restoration, and this essay will study how the Meiji Restoration promoted the rise of militarism in Japan. The study has found that the impact of the Meiji Restoration on the rise of militarism in Japan can be divided into two parts. The first part is the internal factors, which are the military reformation exercised by the government and the governments education and publicity towards the people, the second part is the external factor, which is the influence received by the Meiji government from Prussia. These three factors played an important role in the rise of militarism in Japan.

От Санкт-Петербурга до Неаполя: исторический анализ российско-неаполитанской дипломатии в период Рисорджименто

<p>The article analyzes Russo-Neapolitan relations in the context of the Risorgimento — a period of Italian unification marked by significant social and political changes in 19th-century Europe. We explore how the geopolitical situation, particularly following the Franco-Austrian War of 1805-1806, catalyzed Neapolitan closeness with the Russian Empire, viewed as a potential protector against aggression from France and Austria. Amidst instability, Neapolitan leadership sought reforms, including the abolition of feudalism and the introduction of new legal norms, aligning with Russia's ambitions to strengthen its positions in Italian territories. However, French and Austrian influence, along with internal conflicts in Naples, hindered deeper connections with Russia. As a result, despite initial enthusiasm, Russian-Neapolitan diplomacy encountered significant obstacles, leading to the search for alternative alliances with other powers. The article highlights the interconnection between internal reforms and foreign policy, examining the influence of foreign nations on the Italian unification process and the political dynamics of Naples.</p>

Do Regional Integration Policies Promote Integrated Urban–Rural Development? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Regional integration policies play a crucial role in promoting coordinated regional development. However, it remains unclear whether the polices simultaneously take into account urban–rural integration to achieve a dynamic balance between efficiency and equity. Based on socioeconomic data from 250 cities in China between 2003 and 2019, we used a staggered difference-in-difference method to investigate the impact of the strategy for the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (YD integrated development) on integrated urban–rural development. Our results indicate that the YD integrated development effectively promotes integrated urban–rural development and this conclusion holds after conducting various robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses. Additionally, the YD integrated development can facilitate integrated urban–rural development through the following three main pathways: promoting economic growth, improving road transport links, and advancing technological progress. This paper offers new insights for advancing integrated urban–rural development. The next step could involve the further exploration of the connections between external regional integration policies and internal rural reforms, which will contribute to expediting the establishment of an integrated urban–rural pattern.

Islamic Piety, Corporeality and Agency: Young Mappila Women’s Dissensus Over the Notion of Ideal <i>Muslimah</i> in Malabar

Occupied with the discourse of legal reformation of the Muslim community since the Shah Bano controversy in 1978, statist narratives of liberating Muslim women from Muslim patriarchy are conspicuous in India. However, Muslim leaders propose internal reforms and expect women to be good mothers. This article analyses the role of traditional <i>ulema</i> in Kerala in shaping the corporeal notions of pious Mappila women. The study also analyses the contestations and multiple discourses among pious young Mappila women toward the <i>ulema</i>’s preaching. The findings of this study are framed through the concept of piety and the embodiment of ethical self by Saba Mahmood and Talal Asad’s notion of Islam as a discursive tradition. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, digital ethnography with a sample of thirty respondents and secondary sources are the methods used. While the conception of an ethical self and piety among the pious elder Mappila women hinges on the respectful compliance of <i>ulema</i>’s preaching of the qualities of a ‘good <i>Muslimah</i>’, the pious young Mappila women focus on the deliberative aspects of discourses around ‘the good <i>Muslimah</i>’. This has opened up the possibilities of contestation, argumentation, and cross-checking references from the Islamic tradition to pursue a dignified and pious living.

Climate apartheid: the failures of accountability and climate justice

PurposeSevere inequality from climate change exists between the Global North and Global South. The North significantly contributes to climate change yet retreats to protect itself against its harmful impacts. Conversely, members of the Global South bear the brunt of the climate crisis with limited protection against its destructive effects. Climate justice aims to address this inequality. This paper explores the effects of climate change reforms and policies that have been established to foster accountability and climate justice.Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a qualitative exploratory case study method. It draws on a supply- and demand-led approach and local accounts to analyse the (in)effectiveness with which six national and international reforms and policies have achieved accountability for climate justice. The research analysed a variety of empirical documents including contemporary research, reports, academic literature, non-government and government documents and policies, media releases and Pacific Islander accounts.FindingsClimate change reforms and policies, which come together to form supply-side accountability, have largely failed to engender accountability in the Global North for the impacts of climate change. Nor have they mitigated climate change to any tangible extent at all. This has created a system of modern-day climate apartheid. Improving accountability and remediating climate injustices going forward will require a focus on demand-led instruments and accountability, which includes the voice of citizens.Originality/valueThis paper responds to AAAJ’s special issue call for examining accounting and accountability with regard to environmental and climate racism. Limited research to date explores the issue of climate apartheid and climate justice and its relationship with accountability. This research attempts to fill that gap.

Measuring museum sustainability in China: a DSR model-driven approach to empower sustainable development goals (SDGs)

In the past few years, sustainable development has undoubtedly become an essential perspective for museums. Museums have been committed to raising social awareness around ecological conservation and cultural diversity through various exhibitions, education and research projects, and public engagement. However, the concepts, approaches, and practises of “sustainability” differ across nations and regions, and there is a lack of sufficient quantitative research on sustainable development by and within museums. This article aims to establish an evaluation framework and evaluation approach for museum sustainability in China. Its framework is initially based on the DSR model, in which “D” delineates seven deeds of museum visitors, “S” characterizes the status of sustainable practises within museums, and “R” involves presenting sustainability strategies pertinent to Chinese museums by integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A fuzzy QFD model is then used to develop an evaluation approach for analyzing the Zhejiang Natural History Museum (ZNHM)’s sustainable development strategies, using data from surveys and in-depth interviews. As a result of this study, significant opportunities for deepening sustainable practises were identified for ZNHM, which include updating the collection system, enhancing professionalism in exhibitions and educational projects, and securing funding policies. ZNHM’s sustainability efforts prioritize enhancing social awareness, and internal reforms related to social value, governance, and professional capabilities. With these foundations in place, international cooperation among museums may be the next step towards a sustainable future.