Introduction by Kay Lawson How Internal Party Democracy Works--or Does Not Basisdemokratie and Political Realities: German Green Party by Thomas Poguntke Formal vs. Informal Rules of French Political Parties by Andrew Appleton Overcoming the Iron Law?: Role of Policy Committees in the New Zealand Labor Party by Geoffrey Debnam How Leadership and Organization Interact IParty Organization as a Network of Relations: Republican Party of Illinois by Mildred Schwartz Party Leadership in Theory and in Norway: An Entrepreneurial Perspective by Karen Strom Factionalism in the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan by David Morris How Internal Organization Affects External Performance Party Organization and Policy Making in a Changing Environment: Indian National Congress by Subatra Mitra Internal Dynamics of Local Party Sections in Belgium and Their External Effectiveness by Kris Deschouwer Interest Parties: Thin Line between Groups and Parties in the Israeli Electoral Process by Yael Yishai How External Events Cause Changes in Internal Organization Political Parties in the New Czech and Slovak Federal Republic: Their New Legal Framework and Their Actual Activities by Josef Blahoz From Communist Party to The Socialdemocracy of the Polish Republic by Jerzy Wiater Sources of Party Change: Social Democratic Parties of Britain, France, Germany and Spain by Frank Wilson Conclusion Toward a Theory of How Political Parties Work by Kay Lawson Index