Internal Error Research Articles

Validation of a German version of the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT12) according to the COSMIN checklist.

BackgroundPatient Reported Outcome (PRO) measurements have become an important tool to evaluate disease-related quality of life. The “International Hip Outcome Tool” (iHOT12) is a self-administered patient-reported outcome tool, which includes questions on the patient’s symptoms, functional and sports limitations as well as social, emotional, and occupational limitations. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate a German version of the iHOT12 according to the COSMIN checklist.MethodsIn order to validate the German translation of the iHOT12, we conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study on patients with hip disorders and a score ≥4 on the modified Tegner Activity Scale (mTAS). The patients completed the German iHOT12 questionnaire and other functional scores (Hip Outcome Score, modified Tegner Activity Scale, EuroQol-5D) twice at intervals of at least two weeks. Evaluation of psychometric properties was conducted following the COSMIN checklist for validation of health status measurement instruments. The methodical testing for reliability included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error. For testing of validity, we analyzed construct validity, hypotheses testing, interpretability and responsiveness.ResultsBetween December 2013 and December 2014, eighty-three consecutive patients completed both questionnaires and were available for data analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 (95 %-CI: 0.91, 0.95) confirming internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the iHOT-12 was high with an ICC = 0.94 (95 %-CI: 0.89, 0.97). All a priori hypotheses were confirmed. Further, no relevant floor- or ceiling effects occurred. The iHOT12 showed good responsiveness with a minimal important change (MIC) under 14 points.ConclusionsThe German translation of the iHOT-12 is a reliable, valid, and responsive tool for the evaluation of disease-related quality of life in active patients with a hip disorder. We could show that the minimal important change, a change of health condition the patient discerns, is less than 14 points in the iHOT12 scale.

Failure Propagation Modeling and Analysis via System Interfaces

Safety-critical systems must be shown to be acceptably safe to deploy and use in their operational environment. One of the key concerns of developing safety-critical systems is to understand how the system behaves in the presence of failures, regardless of whether that failure is triggered by the external environment or caused by internal errors. Safety assessment at the early stages of system development involves analysis of potential failures and their consequences. Increasingly, for complex systems, model-based safety assessment is becoming more widely used. In this paper we propose an approach for safety analysis based on system interface models. By extending interaction models on the system interface level with failure modes as well as relevant portions of the physical system to be controlled, automated support could be provided for much of the failure analysis. We focus on fault modeling and on how to compute minimal cut sets. Particularly, we explore state space reconstruction strategy and bounded searching technique to reduce the number of states that need to be analyzed, which remarkably improves the efficiency of cut sets searching algorithm.

Decoupled, Disturbance Rejection Control for A Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Dual-loop EGR System

Dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) provides a flexible architecture for achieving desired intake manifold conditions, including temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration, which are critical for advanced combustion mode control in modern engines. However, the highly nonlinear system dynamics and strong coupling effects between loops make the widely used, control oriented model failed to trace the system states well, especially in transient situations. This paper presents a control method for this nonlinear, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with the compensation for modeling error and disturbance. By taking both the advantages of the knowledge of system dynamics and the idea of disturbance rejection, the modified active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with extended states observer (ESO) was utilized to achieve such a control objective. Here, the term "disturbance" lumps all the internal and external errors, including the modeling errors and coupling effects. By actively estimating the disturbance and compensating its effects, the intake manifold conditions can be controlled in a decoupled fashion. The proposed method was validated through high-fidelity GT-Power model simulations.

Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System: Indigenous Australian Adaptation Model (ABAS: IAAM)

The study objectives were to develop, trial and evaluate a cross-cultural adaptation of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-Second Edition Teacher Form (ABAS-II TF) ages 5-21 for use with Indigenous Australian students ages 5-14. This study introduced a multiphase mixed-method design with semi-structured and informal interviews, school observations, and psychometric analyses of existing and new Northern Territory student data. It trained teachers to undertake psychological testing of Indigenous students. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recommended methodology, using forward translation, back-translation, revision by an expert committee, and a pilot trial. The reliability was estimated through internal consistency and standard error of measurement. The validity was assessed through test content, response process, internal structure, internal consistency, age group differences, inter-correlations among adaptive domains, and correlations with other variables. A clinical validity study tested students‟ performance with and without special education needs. The results indicated good internal consistency for the adaptive domains and composite score (Social Adaptive Domain, alpha=.92; Conceptual Adaptive Domain, alpha=.94; Personal Adaptive Domain, alpha=.78; General Adaptive Composite, alpha=.94). The standard error of measurement indicated high test accuracy. Content -, construct -, and concurrent validity were measured. Concurrent validity evaluated the mean scores of students with and without special education needs, indicated significant variance (p<0.001). The data showed that the cross-cultural adaptation process was successful, and the adapted instrument demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, making it valid and reliable to use in the Indigenous context.

基于高频角位移的高分光学卫星影像内部误差补偿方法

基于高频角位移的高分光学卫星影像内部误差补偿方法

我院静脉用药调配中心差错分析与防范措施

目的：减少静脉用药调配中心差错的发生，保障临床安全合理用药。方法：总结我院静脉用药调配中心近一年中登记的各类差错，进行归纳分析，并提出防范措施。结果：实施整改措施后，差错数量由402例减少到7例，差错率由0.0735%降到0.0013%，有效地降低了静脉用药调配中心内部差错和出门差错的发生率。结论：通过差错分析并实施相应的防范措施，可有效降低PIVAS差错率，保障临床用药安全有效。 Objective: To reduce the occurrence of errors in the dispensing Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS) and ensure the safe and rational use of drugs. Methods: To summarize all kinds of errors registered in the PIVAS in our hospital for nearly one year, and to carry out induction anal-ysis and put forward preventive measures. Results: The number of errors decreased from 402 cases to 7 cases, and the error rate decreased from 0.0735% to 0.0013% after the implementation of the corrective measures, which effectively reduced the incidence of internal errors and external errors in the PIVAS. Conclusions: The error analysis and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures can effectively reduce the PIVAS error rate to ensure safe and effective clinical use of drugs.

Catalog of positions and B-magnitudes of stars in the circumpolar region of the Northern Sky Survey (FON) project

The catalog of equatorial coordinates α and δ and B-magnitudes of stars has been created at the Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (MAO NASU), for the circumpolar region (from 58° to 90°) of the Northern Sky Survey (FON) project within the work on the rational use of resources accumulated in the JDA (Joint Digital Archive) of the Ukrainian Virtual Observatory (UkrVO). The total number of processed plates is 477. The plates were digitized with the using Microtek ScanMaker 9800XL TMA and Epson Expression 10000XL scanners (scanning mode was 1200 dpi, the linear size of plates was 30 × 30 cm or 13000 × 13000 px). The catalog includes 1 975 967 stars and galaxies with B of up to 16.5 m as of the epoch of 1985.28. The coordinates of stars and galaxies were obtained in the Tycho-2 reference system and B-magnitudes were obtained in the system of photoelectric standards. The internal errors of the catalog for all the objects are σαδ = 0.23′′ and σ B = 0.12 m , and those for stars of the B range from 8 m –14 m , 0.11′′ and 0.06 m , respectively. The convergence between the calculated and reference positions is σαδ = 0.06′′ (for 171124 stars from Tycho-2), and that between the photoelectric stellar B-magnitudes is σ B = 0.15m (for 5130 stars). The external error from the comparison with UCAC-4 are σαδ = 0.33′′ (1928367 stars and galaxies have been cross identified).

Stellar parametrization fromGaiaRVS spectra

Among the myriad of data collected by the ESA Gaia satellite, about 150 million spectra will be delivered by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) for stars as faint as G_RVS~16. A specific stellar parametrization will be performed for most of these RVS spectra. Some individual chemical abundances will also be estimated for the brightest targets. We describe the different parametrization codes that have been specifically developed or adapted for RVS spectra within the GSP-spec working group of the analysis consortium. The tested codes are based on optimization (FERRE and GAUGUIN), projection (MATISSE) or pattern recognition methods (Artificial Neural Networks). We present and discuss their expected performances in the recovered stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log(g), [M/H]) for B- to K- type stars. The performances for the determinations of [alpha/Fe] ratios are also presented for cool stars. For all the considered stellar types, stars brighter than G_RVS~12.5 will be very efficiently parametrized by the GSP-spec pipeline, including solid estimations of [alpha/Fe]. Typical internal errors for FGK metal-rich and metal-intermediate stars are around 40K in Teff , 0.1dex in log(g), 0.04dex in [M/H], and 0.03dex in [alpha/Fe] at G_RVS=10.3. Similar accuracies in Teff and [M/H] are found for A-type stars, while the log(g) derivation is more accurate. For the faintest stars, with G_RVS>13-14, a spectrophotometric Teff input will allow the improvement of the final GSP-spec parametrization. The reported results show that the contribution of the RVS based stellar parameters will be unique in the brighter part of the Gaia survey allowing crucial age estimations, and accurate chemical abundances. This will constitute a unique and precious sample for which many pieces of the Milky Way history puzzle will be available, with unprecedented precision and statistical relevance.

PROPERTIES OF THE OPEN CLUSTER TOMBAUGH 1 FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY AND uvbyCaHβ PHOTOMETRY*

ABSTRACT Open clusters can be the key to deepening our knowledge on various issues involving the structure and evolution of the Galactic disk and details of stellar evolution because a cluster’s properties are applicable to all its members. However, the number of open clusters with detailed analysis from high-resolution spectroscopy or precision photometry imposes severe limitations on studies of these objects. To expand the number of open clusters with well-defined chemical abundances and fundamental parameters, we investigate the poorly studied, anticenter open cluster Tombaugh 1. Using precision uvbyCaHβ photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive the cluster’s reddening, obtain photometric metallicity estimates, and, for the first time, present a detailed abundance analysis of 10 potential cluster stars (nine clump stars and one Cepheid). Using the radial position from the cluster center and multiple color indices, we have isolated a sample of unevolved, probable single-star members of Tombaugh 1. From 51 stars, the cluster reddening is found to be E ( b − y ) ?> = 0.221 ± 0.006 or E ( B − V ) ?> = 0.303 ± 0.008, where the errors refer to the internal standard errors of the mean. The weighted photometric metallicity from m 1 and hk is [Fe/H] = −0.10 ± 0.02, while a match to the Victoria-Regina Strömgren isochrones leads to an age of 0.95 ± 0.10 Gyr and an apparent modulus of ( m − M ) ?> = 13.10 ± 0.10. Radial velocities identify six giants as probable cluster members, and the elemental abundances of Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, Y, Ba, Ce, and Nd have been derived for both the cluster and the field stars. Tombaugh 1 appears to be a typical inner thin disk, intermediate-age open cluster of slightly subsolar metallicity, located just beyond the solar circle, with solar elemental abundance ratios except for the heavy s-process elements, which are a factor of two above solar. Its metallicity is consistent with a steep metallicity gradient in the galactocentric region between 9.5 and 12 kpc. Our study also shows that Cepheid XZ CMa is not a member of Tombaugh 1 and reveals that this Cepheid presents signs of barium enrichment, making it a probable binary star.

Perceptual and cognitive enhancement with an adaptive timing partner: Electrophysiological responses to pitch change.

(ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.)When two people play music together, they need to control timing of their own actions while also adjusting their actions in response to those of other (Nowicki, Prinz, Grosjean, Repp, & Keller, 2013; Wing, Endo, Bradbury, & Vorberg, 2014). Having a partner who adapts can be satisfying. Patients playing a percussion instrument with a music therapist who entrains to them may gain a sense of freedom in expressing their emotion and feel empowered by experience (Bensimon, Amir, & Wolf, 2008; Winkelman, 2003).In many species, individuals synchronize their movements together, such as birds that fly in formation, fish that swim in schools, and fireflies that flash at same time (Buck, 1935, 1937, 1988; Partridge, 1982; Weimerskirch, Martin, Clerquin, Alexandre, & Jiraskova, 2001). More rare, but found in humans and a few vocal learning species, is ability to synchronize movement to a predictable auditory stimulus, such as beat in music (Patel & Iversen, 2014; Patel, Iversen, Bregman, & Schulz, 2009; Schachner, Brady, Pepperberg, & Hauser, 2009; Trainor, 2015). This ability is referred to as sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) and is defined as the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm (Repp & Su, 2013).In a typical musical performance, underlying beat or tempo produced is not completely steady, with deviations arising from several sources, such as internal time-keeping errors (Torre & Delignieres, 2008; Wing & Kristofferson, 1973a, 1973b), and deliberate deviations for expressive purposes (James, Michel, Britz, Vuilleumier, & Hauert, 2012; Rankin, Large, & Fink, 2009; Repp, 1992). Thus, for two or more people to play music together in synchrony, it necessarily involves mutual adjustments of phase alignment and tempo (period) to achieve SMS.The study of interpersonal synchrony is particularly important because empirical evidence indicates that synchronous movement promotes a sense of group affiliation. For example, walking or singing in synchrony with others increases cooperation, trust, and ratings of likability among participants (Hove & Risen, 2009; Kirschner & Tomasello, 2010; Valdesolo, Ouyang, & DeSteno, 2010; Wiltermuth & Heath, 2009). Synchronous movement to music even leads to enhanced prosocial instrumental helping in infants (Cirelli, Einarson, & Trainor, 2014; Cirelli & Trainor, 2015). Cirelli, Wan, and Trainor (2014) bounced 14-month-old infants to music facing an experimenter who bounced in synchrony with infant, or in antiphase (but at same tempo), or at a different tempo from infant. After this experience, infants were more likely to help experimenter by retrieving accidentally dropped items needed to complete a task if they had bounced at same tempo as experimenter (either in phase or antiphase) compared with if they bounced at a different tempo, whether faster or slower. Of interest to authors, this increase in helping after synchronous bouncing is targeted to bouncing partner and not to neutral strangers (Cirelli, Wan, et al., 2014), although it does apply to friends of synchronous bouncing partner (Cirelli & Trainor, 2015).It has been proposed that three core cognitive-motor skills are needed for people to engage in real-time interpersonal coordination-( a) propensity to synchronize movements, (b) ability to use anticipatory mechanisms during SMS, and (c) ability to divide attention (reviewed by Keller, Novembre, & Hove, 2014), reviewed in more detail below. In present study, we investigate perceptual/cognitive consequences of playing with an adaptive partner. In particular, during a difficult SMS task, we expect that an adaptive virtual partner that adjusts its onset times so as to place its upcoming tones closer to expectations of a musically untrained partner will reduce resource demands for that untrained partner compared with a virtual partner that does not adjust, leading to enhanced perceptual and cognitive processing of music. …

Non-destructive potassium measurement in minerals by gamma-ray spectrometry: Toward an enhanced K-Ar dating method

Copyright © 2015 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. (McDougall, 1985); and quantifying volcanic risk up to historical times (Gillot et al., 1982; Quidelleur et al., 2001). One of the main sources of uncertainties in the K-Ar dating method is that K and Ar are measured on two separated aliquots of the same sample. Potassium is separated by chemical way and measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), while argon is measured by gas source mass spectrometry. This method creates a large undeterminable internal error if the sample is chemically heterogeneous or zoned. To minimize sources of uncertainties, fresh rock specimen have to be selected and a strict mineralogical control has to be carried out to homogenize, as possible, the sample (Gillot et al., 2006). Here we present a different non-destructive technique to measure the K amount at 2s confidence level in minerals and groundmass. Measurement of potassium is carried out with the last generation of high-purity Germanium gamma-ray spectrometer with no chemical preparation of the sample. This non-destructive technique has the advantage to use the same sample aliquot to measure K and 40Ar*. Our approach consists in measuring directly Non-destructive potassium measurement in minerals by gamma-ray spectrometry: Toward an enhanced K-Ar dating method

First U–Pb SHRIMP age for the Pilmatué Member (Agrio Formation) of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Implications for the Hauterivian lower boundary

Ammonite-based biostratigraphic schemes for the Lower Cretaceous are fairly well refined across the world, from the standard zonation in the West Mediterranean province to the Boreal and Austral provinces in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. However, the lack of radioisotopic ages associated to the fossil-rich, Lower Cretaceous marine successions has hindered the accurate establishment of the numerical ages for the lower boundaries of its several stages (from Berriasian to Albian). Geochronological dating by U–Pb SHRIMP of a tuff layer that occurs within beds belonging to the Holcoptychites neuquensis Zone in the Pilmatué Member of the Agrio Formation in the Austral province (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) has resulted in an absolute age of 130.0 ± 0.6 Ma (2 sigma internal errors only) or 130.0 ± 0.8 Ma (including calibration and decay constant uncertainties). This age is interpreted to represent the time of eruption and thus the timing of the pyroclastic deposit. The H. neuquensis Zone is the equivalent of the A. radiatus Zone in the West Mediterranean province. Therefore, the obtained age is the first numerical data that could help constrain the Hauterivian lower boundary. Indeed, there is reasonable agreement with the latest proposed lower boundary of the Hauterivian at ∼132.9 Ma. On the other hand, the duration recently established for this stage would be hard to reconcile with the stratigraphic record of the entire Hauterivian in the study region (northeastern Neuquén Basin). Therefore, the results of this contribution could also help to assess the extent of the Hauterivian and associated stages.

Efficient Resource Management Scheme for Storage Processing in Cloud Infrastructure with Internet of Things

Recently, research on cloud-integrated Internet of Things where an Internet of Things (IoT) is converged with a cloud environment has been actively pursued. An IoT operates through interaction among many composition elements, such as actuators and sensors. At present, IoTs are used in diverse areas (for example, traffic control and safety, energy savings, process control, communications systems, distributed robots, and other important applications). In daily life, IoTs should provide services of high reliability corresponding with various physical elements. In order to guarantee highly reliable IoT services, optimized modeling, simulation, and resource management technologies integrating physical elements and computing elements are required. For such reasons, many systems are being developed where autonomic computing technologies are applied that sense any internal errors or external environmental changes occurring during system operation and where systems adapt or evolve themselves. In an IoT environment composed of large-scale nodes, autonomic computing requires a high processing amount and efficient storage processing of computing in order to process sensing data efficiently. In addition, due to the heterogeneous composition of IoT environments, separate middleware is required to share collected information. Accordingly, this paper proposed an efficient resource management scheme (ERMS) that efficiently manages IoT resources using cloud infrastructure satisfying the high availability, expansion, and high processing amount requirements. ERMS provides a XML-based standard sensing data storage scheme in order to store and process heterogeneous IoT sensing data in the cloud infrastructure. In addition, ERMS provides classification techniques to efficiently store and process distributed IoT data.

The measurement properties of the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5): a Dutch validation study.

Erectile dysfunction (ED), affecting men worldwide, is associated with worse mental health. The severity of ED as well as the effect of its treatment can be assessed using valid self-reported outcome measures. A widely used measure is the International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5) which is not yet validated in Dutch. The objective of this study was to translate the IIEF-5 into Dutch and to investigate its reliability and validity to provide a useful evaluation tool. The IIEF-5 was translated into Dutch following standardized forward-backward procedures. To conduct this observational study, men with symptoms of ED completed the Dutch IIEF-5 at inclusion, 1 week later, and 6 months after inclusion. A population-based sample (reference group) completed the IIEF-5 once. The quality domains reliability and validity were addressed by testing the measurement properties internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, and content validity. Data of 82 patients and 253 reference group participants were analyzed. Internal consistency was adequate with Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 in both patient and reference group. In patients, the test-retest reliability was adequate with an intra-class correlation coefficient for agreement of 0.88. A floor effect was present in the patient group (42%), though not in the reference group (3%). There was no ceiling effect in patients (0%), while this was present in the reference group (17%). Analysis of responsiveness was not possible due to the limited number of patients receiving treatment. The Dutch IIEF-5 is a reliable and valid measure to determine severity of symptoms of ED. This evaluation tool is valuable for clinical use and interpreting results across international clinical studies. The context of a patient's sexual life is, however, indispensable and should be taken into account.

Validation of a German version of the International Hip Outcome Tool (G-iHOT33) according to the COSMIN checklist: how much improvement is clinically relevant?

The evaluation of the subjective health-related quality of life is especially for young, active patients with hip joint disorders important. The MAHORN study group has recently developed the "International Hip Outcome Tool" (iHOT33), a self-administered patient-reported outcome tool, which includes questions on the patient's symptoms, functional and sports limitations as well as social, emotional, and occupational limitations. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate a German version of the iHOT33 according to the COSMIN checklist. To validate the G-iHOT33, we conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study on patients with hip disorders and a score ≥4 on the modified Tegner Activity Scale. The patients completed the G-iHOT33 questionnaire twice at intervals of at least 2 weeks. In addition, we recorded the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), a modified Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), the EuroQol-5D (EQ5-D), and a subjective assessment of the limitations. Evaluation of psychometric properties was conducted following the COSMIN checklist for validation of health status measurement instruments. The methodical testing for reliability included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error. For testing of validity, we analyzed construct validity, hypotheses testing, interpretability, and responsiveness. Between December 2013 and December 2014, eighty-three consecutive patients completed both questionnaires and were available for data analysis. Cronbach's α was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96, 0.99) confirming internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the G-iHOT-33 was high with an ICC = 0.88 (95% CI 0.80, 0.99). All a priori hypotheses were confirmed, further, no floor- or ceiling-effects occurred. The G-iHOT33 showed good responsiveness with a minimal important change (MIC) of 10 points. The German translation of the iHOT-33 (G-iHOT-33) is a viable tool for the evaluation of active patients with a hip disorder. Following the complete COSMIN checklist, we could prove that G-iHOT33 is a reliable, valid, and responsive PRO measurement tool. We could show that the minimal important change, a change of health condition the patient discerns is 10 points in the G-iHOT33 scale. This is the first study providing results on psychometric properties of the iHOT33 subscales. Level of evidence 1b validating cohort study.

FIVE GROUPS OF RED GIANTS WITH DISTINCT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 2808

The chemical composition of multiple populations in the massive globular cluster (GC) NGC~2808 is addressed with the homogeneous abundance re-analysis of 140 red giant branch (RGB) stars. UVES spectra for 31 stars and GIRAFFE spectra for the other giants were analysed with the same procedures used for about 2500 giants in 23 GCs in our FLAMES survey, deriving abundances of Fe, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Sc, Cr, Mn, and Ni. Iron, elements from alpha-capture, and in the Fe-group do not show intrinsic scatter. On our UVES scale the metallicity of NGC~2808 is [Fe/H]=-1.129+/-0.005+/-0.034$ (+/-statistical +/-systematic error) with sigma=0.030 (31 stars). Main features related to proton-capture elements are retrieved, but the improved statistics and the smaller associated internal errors allow to uncover five distinct groups of stars along the Na-O anticorrelation. We observe large depletions in Mg, anticorrelated with enhancements of Na and also Si, suggestive of unusually high temperatures for proton-captures. About 14% of our sample is formed by giants with solar or subsolar [Mg/Fe] ratios. Using the [Na/Mg] ratios we confirm the presence of five populations with different chemical composition, that we called P1, P2, I1, I2, and E in order of decreasing Mg and increasing Na abundances. Statistical tests show that the mean ratios in any pair of groups cannot be extracted from the same parent distribution. The overlap with the five populations recently detected from UV photometry is good but not perfect, confirming that more distinct components probably exist in this complex GC.

공공발주자의 설계단계 BIM 발주업무 지원을 위한 가이드 개발 연구

Although BIM has been recognized as one of the main streams that advance the construction industry worldwide, it is difficult to ensure the quality of BIM data due to the problems such as internal errors of BIM tools and lack of guidelines that enhance design quality. Such problems cause designers, constructors, and project owners to hesitate applying it to their business. The main objective of this research is to develop a BIM guide for public project owners that is to be usable at the design phase of the public projects. To meet the objective, the study invited 10 BIM experts from Korean construction industry and operated workshops with focus group interview methodology. As well, a number of BIM guidelines from the BIM advanced countries were reviewed to identify valuable contents for the guide. There are four main parts in the guide developed: BIM design procurement process guide, Request for Proposal development guide for BIM design, BIM execution plan development and evaluation guide, and BIM output and deliverables review and evaluation guide.

Neurophysiological evidence for diminished monitoring of own, but intact monitoring of other's errors in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is characterized by social deficits. Correctly monitoring own and others’ performance is crucial for efficient social behavior. Deficits in monitoring own performance as reflected in reduced error-related negativity (rERN) amplitudes, have been demonstrated repeatedly in schizophrenia. A similar ERP component (observed ERN; oERN) is elicited when observing others' mistakes. However, possible deficits in monitoring others' performance have never been investigated in schizophrenia. The current ERP-study compared a group of schizophrenia patients (N=22) and healthy controls (N=21) while performing a Simon task and the social Simon task, enabling the investigation of own (rERN) and others' (oERN) performance monitoring. Patients showed slower reaction times, but comparable accuracy and compatibility effects in both tasks. As expected, patients' rERN amplitudes were reduced. Importantly however, oERN amplitudes were comparable between both groups. While monitoring own performance is compromised in schizophrenia, monitoring others' performance seems intact. This divergence between internal and external performance monitoring in patients is in line with studies showing normal neurophysiological responses to negative feedback. The presently found dissociation may improve our understanding of cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying monitoring of own and others’ performance and may stimulate treatment development aimed at learning from external rather than internal error information in schizophrenia.

Reliability of the Dutch translation of the Kujala Patellofemoral Score Questionnaire.

There are no Dutch language disease-specific questionnaires for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome available that could help Dutch physiotherapists to assess and monitor these symptoms and functional limitations. The aim of this study was to translate the original disease-specific Kujala Patellofemoral Score into Dutch and evaluate its reliability. The questionnaire was translated from English into Dutch in accordance with internationally recommended guidelines. Reliability was determined in 50 stable subjects with an interval of 1 week. The patient inclusion criteria were age between 14 and 60 years; knowledge of the Dutch language; and the presence of at least three of the following symptoms: pain while taking the stairs, pain when squatting, pain when running, pain when cycling, pain when sitting with knees flexed for a prolonged period, grinding of the patella and a positive clinical patella test. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error and limits of agreement were calculated. Internal consistency was 0.78 for the first assessment and 0.80 for the second assessment. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement ) between the first and second assessments was 0.98. The mean difference between the first and second measurements was 0.64, and standard deviation was 5.51. The standard error measurement was 3.9, and the smallest detectable change was 11. The Bland and Altman plot shows that the limits of agreement are -10.37 and 11.65. The results of the present study indicated that the test-retest reliability translated Dutch version of the Kujala Patellofemoral Score questionnaire is equivalent of the test-retest original English language version and has good internal consistency. Trial registration NTR (TC = 3258). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Automatic In Situ Calibration of a Spinning Beam LiDAR System in Static and Kinematic Modes

The Velodyne LiDAR series is one of the most popular spinning beam LiDAR systems currently available on the market. In this paper, the temporal stability of the range measurements of the Velodyne HDL-32E LiDAR system is first investigated as motivation for the development of a new automatic calibration method that allows quick and frequent recovery of the inherent time-varying errors. The basic principle of the method is that the LiDAR’s internal systematic error parameters are estimated by constraining point clouds of some known and automatically detected cylindrical features such as lamp poles to fit to the 3D cylinder models. This is analogous to the plumb-line calibration method in which the lens distortion parameters are estimated by constraining the image points of straight lines to fit to the 2D line model. The calibration can be performed at every measurement epoch in both static and kinematic modes. Four real datasets were used to verify the method, two of which were captured in static mode and the other two in kinematic mode. The overall results indicate that up to approximately 72% and 41% accuracy improvement were realized as a result of the calibration for the static and kinematic datasets, respectively.