Internal Demand Research Articles

Разработка методологии оценки экспортного потенциала и ее апробация на примере Республики Узбекистан

This paper proposes a universal methodology for assessing export potential of different countries. It takes into account both external and internal supply and demand factors. The methodology is based on the assessment of various trade indices, such as the Balassa index, trade complementarity index and export specialization index. In addition to analyzing the export capabilities of countries, the methodology also focuses on analyzing the countries’ presence in foreign markets (through the geographical structure of imports). The presented methodology is complemented by the estimation of output multipliers (based on Input — Output tables). The calculation of output multipliers takes into account additional induced effects resulting from the growth of household and government incomes, which are partly spent on additional consumption. Complementary analysis of trade indices and output multipliers (including induced effects) allows to identify sectors and products that will most stimulate economic growth by increasing exports. The proposed methodology has been tested on data for the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of intensive margin of trade. The results of the analysis show that the methodology can be used as a basis for preparing export development programs for individual countries. The methodology could be improved by a deeper analysis of foreign trade barriers, domestic supply factors and extensive trade margins. However, up-to-date information on these improvement factors is not always publicly available.

Promoting mindfulness in training psychotherapists in a university setting: A pilot study

To respond to external and internal demands during a therapeutic session, psychotherapists must monitor their attention. Research shows that mindfulness practice is beneficial in promoting this ability and acts as a protective agent against adverse states. However, its implementation in psychotherapist training has been limited. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the influence of mindfulness training on stress, anxiety, depression, and the mindfulness construct in trainee psychotherapists, and to examine its feasibility as part of their training. Fifty-one university students participated in the study and were divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-training measures of mindfulness were considered. Both groups completed a battery of questionnaires related to adverse states and mindfulness before the training. Subsequently, the experimental group underwent nine weeks of mindfulness training. After the training, both groups completed the questionnaire battery again. The results showed that the group that underwent mindfulness training exhibited a decrease in adverse symptoms and an increase in mindfulness scores compared with the control group. These findings highlight not only the viability of incorporating mindfulness practice into the academic training of future therapists, but also its utility as a tool for personal development and the necessary skills to effectively face and develop their professional practice.

Indigenous Knowledge and Tribal Worldview on Forest

This durable ethnographic study explores the Indigenous knowledge of the local landscape of the Juang one of the Particular Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha. Following an ethno-ecology method supported by the case study method, an attempt has been made to highlight the emic view of the tribal people based on their knowledge and worldview. All parts of their natural environment, like hills, streams, forests, vegetation soil type etc. are integral parts of their cultural ambience. Classifying the resources found within their lives and livelihood activities incorporates the bio-physical tenets that include the use, composition, position, and size of the objects and belief system as an inseparable part of their culture. Explanations attributed to naming the natural objects and material goods reveal that with the change in contents due to internal demands and/or external interventions, the context of livelihood changes however, even with the decline of biodiversity, the traditional knowledge remains unchanged.

ОЦЕНКА НА ИНОВАЦИИТЕ В ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯТА НА ПРИМЕРА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ

The article is devoted to the problem of the evaluation of innovations in enterprises in Bulgaria and its comparability with that of other European countries. In this connection, the conceptual-categorical apparatus, the used databases and the methodology of their collection and interpretation are discussed. Quantitative analyzes and assessments were carried out in compliance with the requirements of the methodological guidelines of the OECD and Eurostat of the "Frascati" family. Difficulties have been identified in more precisely comparing the evaluations of innovations in Bulgarian enterprises with those in other countries of the European Union, and the reasons for these difficulties have been established. Innovations in Bulgarian enterprises are characterized by different signs. For this purpose, a structural analysis and an analysis of the context were carried out. The obtained results give reason to determine important gaps in the formation of the national innovation policy. Among them is the failure to take into account globalization in the formation of a national environment for the market functioning of the economy, which is expressed in decreasing external and internal demand for new products produced in the country, imbalances in the financing of R&D, etc., which lead to a decrease in innovations in the Bulgarian enterprises. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are defined from the point of view of the formation of an innovation policy adequate to the new realities.

Like parent, like child: MNCs’ CSR and their foreign subsidiaries’ environmental footprint

This study examines how MNCs’ foreign subsidiaries respond to internal demands from the parent and external demands from the host and home institutions to determine their environmental footprint. Using a sample of subsidiaries of U.S. MNCs operating in China, we find that subsidiary environmental footprint is negatively related to parent environmental performance. We also find that the impact of parent environmental performance on subsidiary environmental footprint is weakened by the levels of legal system development, collectivism, and political system development in regions where MNC subsidiaries operate and is heightened by the strength of social capital and stringency of environmental regulations in regions where MNC headquarters are located. Our findings have implications for executives of MNCs and policymakers.

Role of Domestic Banking and Financial Institutions in Project Finance: Insights from Hydropower Sector in Nepal

Hydropower is a low carbon renewable energy alternative for replacing carbon emission energy sources. In Nepal, this infrastructure sector is being developed for fulfilling the internal demand of electricity. Previous studies emphasized public-private partnership (PPP) utilizing project finance (PF) model in infrastructure sector. Recognizing the importance of domestic banking and financial institutions (BFIs) in project finance this study delves into factors significantly affecting the role of BFIs in project finance. Cross-sectional survey utilizing questionnaires was conducted among respondents representing the independent power producers (IPPs) and BFIs in Nepal. Regression analysis showed predictor variables like economic environment, guidelines of the central bank and low default rate have significant impact on project finance. issues related to adequate legal provision for non-recourse financingrole of BFIs for project finance arrangement. Credibility of hydropower project sponsors is an important determinant in financing hydropower project. The availability of comparatively more bankable projects in other investment sectors against the investible fund constraints resulted in limited complete project finance arrangement of hydropower projects. Detail investigation on guarantees to the lenders against the project loan and improvements needed in legal frameworks to accommodate the non-recourse finance and making economic and legal environment friendlier to private sector is the limitation of this study left for future researches.

Training to Compete: Are Basketball Training Loads Similar to Competition Achieved?

Basketball players should train at intensities similar to those recorded in competition, but are the intensities really similar? This study aimed to quantify and compare the internal and external intensities assimilated by professional basketball players, both in training and in competition, according to context and the specific player position. Players from the same team in the Spanish ACB competition were monitored for three weeks. The sample recorded intensities in 5 vs. 5 game situations in both training (n = 221) and competition (n = 32). The intensities, as dependent variables, were classified into kinematic external workload demands (distances, high-intensity displacements, accelerations, decelerations, the acceleration:deceleration ratio, jumps, and landings), neuromuscular external workload demands (impacts and player load), and internal workload demands (heart rate). They were measured using inertial measurement devices and pulsometers. The playing positions, as independent variables, were grouped into guard, forward, and center. According to the context, the results reported a significant mismatch of all training intensities, except jumps, with respect to competition; these intensities were lower in training. According to the playing position, inside players recorded more jumps and landings per minute than point guards and outside players in training. In turn, inside players recorded a higher average heart rate per minute than outside players in this same context. There were no significant differences in intensity according to the playing position in the competition. Considering the context–position interaction, no differences were observed in the intensities. Adjusting and optimizing training intensities to those recorded in competition is necessary.

Comparative economic analysis vs moralistic tales: an application to the myth of frugality

In 2020 the European Union designed a stimulus programme aimed at supporting Member States’ economic recovery following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Several countries were reluctant to endorse the programme rejecting the idea of fiscal expansion as a means of cushioning the impact of the health crisis. They dubbed themselves ‘the frugals’, a term extensively used in media coverage from then on. The narrative of thrifty versus profligate economies has been a leitmotiv in policy negotiations at the EU level despite the fact that no economic school of thought defines macroeconomic characteristics in terms of frugality or wastefulness. In this paper we analyze to what extent the economic behavior of European countries can be characterized along those lines by assessing observable economic indicators related to public and private indebtedness, fiscal income and spending, characteristics of the welfare state, the labor market and contributions to economic growth from internal and external demand. We draw from three main theoretical approaches in order to choose meaningful indicators for comparing different economic structures.

Государственная политика ресурсосбережения в Российской Федерации

The problems of sustainable development, the development of a resource-saving economy, and a closed-cycle economy are becoming increasingly relevant for the Russian Federation, as a state whose economy accounts for a significant volume of its raw materials sector. The stable state of the extractive industry enterprises, the continuing internal and external demand for natural resources of our country reinforce the need for the formation and implementation of a balanced macro- and meso-economic policy of resource conservation, financial and investment support for extractive and processing enterprises for the implementation of environmental and environmental programs, as well as further development and improvement of economic tools for managing resource conservation processes. The problem of resource conservation is complex and its solution is impossible without the participation of the state and business. The significant role of the regions of Russia and its subjects in solving issues and problems of resource conservation on the ground is also noted. The proposed relevance of the study determined its purpose and objectives, research methods and approaches to its implementation. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific research methods — analysis, synthesis of the information received, interpretation of data. The study uses data from statistical observation of current (operational) environmental protection costs in the Russian Federation, posted on the official website of the Federal Statistics Service. The article presents statistical data on the volume of extraction of raw materials in Germany. The method of economic analysis is logically defined as the main research method. In modern Russian economics, in general, the composition of economic instruments for managing resource-saving processes has been formed. The main economic tool for managing resource-saving processes on the part of the state are government subsidies to the regions of Russia. A significant contribution to protective and environmental measures is also made by business entities, primarily corporate business.

REPROT: Explaining the predictions of complex deep learning architectures for object detection through reducts of an image

Although deep learning models can solve complex prediction problems, they have been criticized for being ‘black boxes’. This implies that their decisions are difficult, if not impossible, to explain by simply inspecting their internal knowledge structures. Explainable Artificial Intelligence has attempted to open the black-box through model-specific and agnostic post-hoc methods that generate visualizations or derive associations between the problem features and the model predictions. This paper proposes a new method, termed REPROT, that explains the decisions of complex deep learning architectures based on local reducts of an image. A ‘reduct’ is a set of sufficiently descriptive features that can fully characterize the acquired knowledge. The created reducts are used to build a ‘prototype image’ that visually explains the inference obtained by a black-box model for an image. We focus on deep learning architectures whose complexity and internal particularities demand adapting existing model-specific explanation methods, making the explanation process more difficult. Experimental results show that the black-box model can detect an object using the prototype image generated from the reduct. Hence, the explanations will be given by “the minimum set of features sufficient for the neural model to detect an object”. The confidence scores obtained by architectures such as Inception, Yolo, and Mask R-CNN are higher for prototype images built from the reduct than those built from the most important superpixels according to the LIME method. Moreover, the target object is not detected on several occasions through the LIME output, thus supporting the superiority of the proposed explanation method.

Urban Development Boundary Setting Versus Ecological Security and Internal Urban Demand: Evidence from Haikou, China

Amidst rapid urbanization, the conflict between urban population and land is intensifying due to ecological degradation and imbalanced supply and demand of land resources in and around cities. Demarcating the urban development boundary is a specific measure to regulate the scale and form of urban expansion while considering internal urban demand as well as ecological security. This study took Haikou City, China, as the study area, exploring a new way to take into account the external constraints and endogenous mechanisms of urban expansion, constructing a comprehensive ecological security pattern (ESP) using the MCR model, demarcating recent rigid development boundaries, and demarcating future elastic development boundaries using the CA–Markov model. The results were the following: (1) By identifying the current urban boundary in 2020, the urban land area of Haikou City was found to be 261.64 km2. (2) Using the MCR model to construct comprehensive ESP and demarcate a rigid development boundary revealed that the total area within the boundary was 398.37 km2, with an additional growth potential of up to 136.73 km2. (3) Demarcating elastic boundaries for Haikou City in 2030, 2040 and 2050 using the CA–Markov model while considering natural and socio-economic driving factors and constraints showed the internal areas within these boundaries to be calculated at 451.80, 489.46 and 523.37 km2, respectively, which were higher than that in 2020 by 190.16, 227.82 and 261.73 km2. (4) Some suggestions, such as establishing a comprehensive technical system, ensuring robust policy support and legal protection, and improving the responsibility management system, were proposed in the implementation of urban development boundaries. Scientifically and reasonably demarcating the recent rigid urban development boundary and future elastic urban development boundaries can ensure sustainable urban development while preserving the ecological environment and satisfying urban development demand.

Supply Chain Management Process of Textile Industry: A Case Study on Bangladesh

This research examines a descriptive analysis of Bangladesh's textile industry's process of export, import, and logistic system for yarn dyeing. Bangladesh's industrial sector, which includes the textile industry, is vital to the country's economic growth. In addition to meeting a significant portion of Bangladesh's foreign demand for clothes and apparel, the textile industry provides for about 100% of the country's internal demand. The textile industry is a complex supply chain that manufactures garments, complements, raw materials, and other items. As a traditional management tool, SCM enables manufacturers to work toward increasing the quality of their products, lowering the cost of their products and services, and speeding up product delivery and reaction times in a highly competitive market. Based on primary data of an organization which is Union Limited, a well-reputed and big textile base organization as well as secondary data from internet databases, journals, review articles, etc., this study was constructed. reduced stocks, reduced costs, increased productivity, more agility, shorter lead times, higher profitability, and increased customer loyalty are all aspects of the textile industry's successful supply chain management. This study discusses the overall processing of how a textile industry imports yarn, and how they deliver the final product to the consumer. This research paper will give the concept of the overall processing of the textile industry of Bangladesh.

The barriers and enablers affecting innovation in hotel gastronomy and its impact on performance

ABSTRACT This paper aims to identify what factors are barriers to gastronomic innovation in the hotel sector and which ones facilitate it. The paper analyses whether external or internal barriers and demand or competition orientation and network-based knowledge influence whether a hotel implements more or less gastronomic innovation. It also investigates the impact on performance from a financial and non-financial perspective, using a structural equation model to test the hypotheses. Gastronomy becomes a priority for hotels as guests look for experiences at the destination. A sample of 131 three to five-star hotels in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) was selected for the purpose of this study. Respondents were different categories of managers of the participating hotels. The results show that there are internal and external obstacles that have a negative influence on gastronomic innovation, whereas risk-taking does not show any significant negative influence. Furthermore, when a hotel is driven by demand and competition, there is a favorable outcome on gastronomic innovation. It is also apparent that applying of higher levels of network-based knowledge has a positive impact on gastronomic innovation. The study’s findings show that a stronger focus on gastronomic innovation improves financial and non-financial performance.

Manipulating Internal and External Loads During Repeated Cycling Sprints: A Comparison of Continuous and Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction.

Mckee, JR, Girard, O, Peiffer, JJ, and Scott, BR. Manipulating internal and external loads during repeated cycling sprints: A comparison of continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-This study examined the impact of blood flow restriction (BFR) application method (continuous vs. intermittent) during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) on performance, physiological, and perceptual responses. Twelve adult male semi-professional Australian football players completed 4 RSE sessions (3 × [5 × 5-second maximal sprints:25-second passive recovery], 3-minute rest between the sets) with BFR applied continuously (C-BFR; excluding interset rest periods), intermittently during only sprints (I-BFRWORK), or intraset rest periods (I-BFRREST) or not at all (Non-BFR). An alpha level of p < 0.05 was used to determine significance. Mean power output was greater for Non-BFR ( p < 0.001, dz = 1.58 ), I-BFRWORK ( p = 0.002, dz = 0.63 ), and I-BFRREST ( p = 0.003, dz = 0.69 ) than for C-BFR and for Non-BFR ( p = 0.043, dz = 0.55 ) compared with I-BFRREST. Blood lactate concentration ( p = 0.166) did not differ between the conditions. Mean oxygen consumption was higher during Non-BFR ( p < 0.001, dz = 1.29 and 2.31; respectively) and I-BFRWORK (p < 0.001, dz = 0.74 and 1.63; respectively) than during I-BFRREST and C-BFR and for I-BFRREST ( p = 0.002, dz = 0.57) compared with C-BFR. Ratings of perceived exertion were greater for I-BFRREST ( p = 0.042, dz = 0.51) and C-BFR ( p = 0.011, dz = 0.90) than for Non-BFR and during C-BFR ( p = 0.023, dz = 0.54) compared with I-BFRWORK. Applying C-BFR or I-BFRREST reduced mechanical output and cardiorespiratory demands of RSE and were perceived as more difficult. Practitioners should be aware that BFR application method influences internal and external demands during RSE.

The Demand for Internal Auditors following Accounting and Operational Failures

ABSTRACT Using a comprehensive database of U.S. internal auditor job postings, we find that firms are about 10 percent more likely to post an internal auditor job after the revelation of accounting and operational failures. Also, the demand for internal auditors is stronger when a failure is more severe. Among firms posting internal auditor jobs, firms demand higher-quality internal auditors in response to a failure compared with when there has not been a recent failure. We find evidence of internal audit demand spillovers through connected directors, which helps mitigate concerns that the primary results are due to replacing internal auditors that recently left or due to endogenous links between hiring internal auditors and failure revelations. Overall, our evidence suggests that firms demand internal auditors to help ensure high-quality financial reporting and effective operations. JEL Classifications: G34, J23, M41, M42.

Development of a two-way mentorship scale focusing on next-generation core competencies

With society and technology developing rapidly and the new generation of young adults entering the workforce, the core competencies that must be possessed by employees are changing along with factors such as changes in the external environment and enterprises’ internal demands; consequently, the characteristics of mentorship are also subject to change. This study investigated two-way mentorship and the core competencies necessary for workers in an organization. After rigorous testing and compilation processes, this study developed a two-way mentorship scale for assessing the three dimensions of career development, psychosocial support, and role modeling. The data analysis revealed that the internal consistency values for career development, psychosocial support, and role modeling were 0.911, 0.879, and 0.791, respectively. The factor loading of all items exceeded 0.50 and thereby conformed to the theoretical model. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the goodness-of-fit indices of the scale met the corresponding standards. The average variance extracted was 0.342–0.497, the composite reliability was 0.591–0.911, and the square root of the average variance extracted was 0.584–0.704. Finally, managerial, practical, and academic suggestions are proposed on the basis of the study results, and the research limitations are identified.

The public sector's role towards sustainable agricultural economy and rural development: Techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid paddy production

Rice is the major food and a significant source of foreign exchange. To meet internal demand, must develop high quality varieties of rice, including early and late maturing varieties, hybrid and conventional rice varieties. In this study evaluated the adoptability and suitability of different hybrid rice varieties in local soil. The studied hybrid varieties revealed supremacy regarding the growth characters over the inbreed rice. At the reproductive stage, highest plant height was recorded in hybrid variety ennpova-55 (106.5 cm) while inbreed IRRI-9 produced the shortest height (65.5 cm). Whereas no of highest tillers was observed in Winner-55, Tahafuz-121, and Ashoka (24/m-2) and have highest seedling number and lowest no. of tillers were recorded in Komal 21/m-2. Highest plant dry matter per hill was found in Ennova-55 (95.9/g) and lowest observed in IRRI-9 (69.8/g) as compared to others. In chlorophyll studies, highest chlorophyll parameter was observed in Ennova-08 and Pukhraj and lowest was observed only in inbreed varieties. Shoot and root length showed significant variation among the rice. Tallest shoot was found in Ennova-55 (82.3 cm) which was statistically identical with Thafuz-121 (78.1cm), while shortest was found in IRRI-9 (54.1 cm) at harvest. However, the maximum Leaf area index was recorded from Komal (4.50) at heading stage followed by Ennova-55 (4.20), whereas significantly lower in Shakar (2.70). Compared with inbreed, hybrid rice produced a higher yield with BCR of 21.96. However, further research studies are obligatory to perform for adoptability of hybrid rice locally for sustainable rice production.

The Performance of Internal Quality Assurance of Community Learning Center during Covid-19 Outbreak

Whilst the Covid-19 outbreak has deleteriously influenced the functioning of most organizations, Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) of Community Learning Centres (CLC) has an essential role in achieving stakeholder satisfaction. CLC shall carry out quality assurance independently in terms of establishing, fulfilling, evaluating, and developing educational standards that can guarantee the function of implementing educational programs and managing the institutions to run effectively, efficiently, and sustainably. This study employed an explanatory sequential design conducted on CLCs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that during the Covid-19 epidemic, the IQA's performance is in the high category for all assessed indicators, namely input, output, outcome, and impact. However, IQA administrators should develop the performance of IQA management that is restricted to learning aspects, predominately involves external parties, and is constrained by facilities to improve their quality. As a result, the performance should be determined by the internal demands and capabilities of CLC, giving emphasis to work-based, all-encompassing, and long-lasting learning.

Toward a New Conceptual Approach to "Intensity" in Soccer Player's Monitoring: A Narrative Review.

Pillitteri, G, Clemente, FM, Petrucci, M, Rossi, A, Bellafiore, M, Bianco, A, Palma, A, and Battaglia, G. Toward a new conceptual approach to "intensity" in soccer player's monitoring: A narrative review. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1896-1911, 2023-In the last decade, monitoring physiological and match-related demands in soccer has become an increasingly common practice in sports sciences. One of the great challenges during monitoring process is the identification of key indicators that permit to generalize evidence and sustain decision-making process during training prescription. Actually, one of the major debates in the scientific community and among practitioners is the identification of the "intensity" concept. Defining a given training session or exercise based on "intensity" is difficult due to the fact that a huge amount of indicators are available (related both to the performed activities and to the athletes' psychophysiological responses). These indicators can lead to specific outcomes with different interpretations. The current narrative review aims to discuss the different measures approaches used in soccer to describe the intensity for both internal and external demands. In addition, a second purpose of this review is to propose general recommendations for combining intensity indicators with the aim of defining an overall intensity score of a training session or drill.

Understanding the Ecosystem of Enterprise Risk Governance

ABSTRACTApproaches to risk governance are not homogeneous across organizations. Some organizations invest heavily in building formal and strategically focused enterprise-wide risk governance processes whereas others exhibit reduced formality and focus, allowing risk governance to be less structured. We argue that risk governance may best be described as a service dependent upon a network (or ecosystem) of participants who include users of risk information and providers who design and implement risk governance processes. Using a survey sample of 2,380 observations from 2011 to 2016, we find that external calls for enhanced risk governance are positively associated with risk governance processes having greater formality and strategic focus. We find this relationship is partially mediated by internal demands for enhanced risk governance. Further, we find that the positive association between internal demands and enhanced risk governance is reduced by resource constraints and that a risk-seeking attitude is negatively associated with enhanced risk governance.Data Availability: Contact the authors.JEL Classifications: G30; M10; M14; M40.