Internal Consistency Values Research Articles

Adaptation Of The Exercise Maintenance Motivation Scale To Turkish Culture

This study aimed to adapt the Exercise Maintenance Motivation Scale developed by Nam et al. (2023) to Turkish culture. The scale was translated into Turkish with a team of six experts using the back-translation method. The study data were collected from 326 members of the Healthy Living Application and Research Center between the ages of 18 and 60 who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to prove the validity of the scale structure previously developed by Nam et al. (2023) for Turkish culture, and test-retest and internal consistency analyses were used for reliability. SPSS Amos package software was used for CFA. CFA validated the 30-item and 5-factor structure of the scale. Reliability analysis findings revealed that internal consistency and test-retest values were within the expected range. As a result, it was determined that the scale, adapted into Turkish with this study, is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the motivation to maintain exercise among the members of healthy living application and research centers in Turkey.

The Hungarian adaptation of the functional status questionnaire: Examination of validity and reliability.

In the international literature, several questionnaires measuring everyday activities are known with the aim of examining patients' quality of life. In the Hungarian language, few validated questionnaires focus on daily activities, examining both basic and moderately difficult physical activity, as well as mental health. Our goal was to translate the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) into Hungarian and examine its reliability and validity.The validation of the questionnaire into Hungarian followed the six-step principle formulated in 2000. In our cross-sectional study, 376 participants took part. For convergent validity, we used the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) questionnaires. The examination of internal consistency was performed through Cronbach's alpha calculations. Test-retest reliability within the class was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We conducted discriminant validity for pain and general health. Internal consistency values demonstrated reliability. Participants' demographic data showed that the majority live in cities and have secondary education. The individuals included in the study exhibited unusually high levels of sports activity compared to the Hungarian average. Convergent validity examinations revealed significant relationships between dimensions of health-related quality of life of the different measurement tools. The validated Hungarian questionnaire is valid and reliable. Similar to the original questionnaire, it is quickly and easily completed, allowing healthcare professionals in clinical settings to assess the patient's functional status before initiating examinations.

Stigma in Mexican patients with Lung Cancer: Psychometric Properties of the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale (CLCSS) - Brief version.

Stigma in lung cancer patients may be associated with various negative outcomes such as increased psychosocial symptoms, severity of physical symptoms, and may act as a barrier to medical help-seeking behavior. The Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale (CLCSS) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing health-related stigma in lung cancer patients. To determine the psychometric properties of the CLCSS in a Mexican sample of lung cancer patients. A non-experimental, instrumental design was employed, using non-probabilistic sampling based on availability. The sample included 265 lung cancer patients. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega were used for internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively, through Pearson correlation coefficient. The 17-item version yielded a model with 4 factors (stigma and shame, social isolation, discrimination, and smoking) explaining 50.74% of the variance, with adequate values of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The Mexican version of the CLCSS is culturally appropriate, brief, psychometrically valid, and reliable for assessing health-related stigma in Mexican lung cancer patients.

Further Validation of the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) in Chinese Adolescents

The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) was developed as an innovative measurement designed to evaluate general grit levels, encompassing perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations within a collectivism culture. The present study was undertaken with the aim of examining the factor structure, measurement invariance, empirical validity, and incremental validity of the TMGS among in a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 997, 43.4% males, M age = 16.64, SD age = 1.05). The results revealed that the original three-factor model of TMGS exhibited the best fit to the data, and supported partial scalar invariance across gender. Additionally, the internal consistency values of the TMGS scores ranged from marginal to acceptable, and the stability coefficients across time were acceptable. Moreover, the TMGS scores showed satisfactory criterion-related validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables (e.g., Grit-S, self-control, and big five personality). Finally, the TMGS scores demonstrated superior incremental validity in predicting academic burnout compared to conscientiousness. Overall, although further studies are needed, our findings suggested that the TMGS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties within a collectivist culture and may serve as a promising tool for assessing grit levels in Chinese adolescents.

Harnessing Daily Routines for Early Detection of Cool Executive Delays: Validating the EFORTS Questionnaire.

Bakground: The early identification of executive function (EF) delays should involve parental reports on children's executive control in daily activities, capturing both "hot" and "cool" executive functions. This study aimed to revalidate the reliability and validity of the Executive Functions and Occupational Routines Scale (EFORTS) and examine whether it represents both hot and cool EFs Methods: Parents of 971 children (469 boys) aged 3 to 11 years (M = 6.08, SD = 1.8) completed the EFORTS and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions/Preschool version (BRIEF/P). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis led to re-reestablishing the EFORTS daily functional routines with high internal consistency values (0.82-0.93). Results: Significant correlations were revealed between the EFORTS daily function subscales and various BRIEF/P "hot" and "cool" executive scales. Again, divided into three executive subscales, the EFORTS items showed medium-high internal reliability (α = 0.79-0.93). Significant age-related differences were demonstrated in the children's EFs in three age groups: 3.0-5.11, 6.0-7.11, 8.0-11.11. Conclusions: The results suggest that EFORTS effectively assesses children's executive control over daily functions, capturing both "cool" and "hot" EFs, making it a reliable tool for early detection of executive delays prior to formal schooling.

Development, field testing, and initial validation of an adherence rubric for caregiver coaching

IntroductionThe translation and use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) within early intervention (EI) systems presents challenges. The Office of Special Education (OSEP) has emphasized results-driven accountability to expand state accountability from compliance to also include quality services that align with EBPs. OSEP’s results-driven accountability provided states the opportunity to design State Systemic Improvement Plans (SSIP) to strengthen the quality of EI services by increasing the capacity of EI systems to implement, scale-up, and sustain use of EBPs. Caregiver coaching is widely accepted as an EBP within EI settings, yet uptake and fidelity to coaching practices remains limited. Such widespread implementation of caregiver coaching is partially limited by a lack of measurement tools that operationalize behaviors consistent with coaching. In this study, we describe the development of the Kentucky Coaching Adherence Rubric-Revised (KCAR-R) and psychometric testing of the instrument.MethodsWe developed and tested the KCAR-R to measure fidelity of coaching practices within a state-wide professional development program, the Coaching in Early Intervention Training and Mentorship Program. We define operational elements of the KCAR-R and rubric design elements related to: creators; users and uses; specificity, judgment complexity; evaluative criteria; quality levels; quality definitions; scoring strategies; presentation; explanation; quality processes; accompanying feedback information; secrecy; and exemplars. With regard to psychometric validation of the KCAR-R, interrater reliability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients across eight raters and 301 randomly selected video submissions. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha across 429 video submissions.ResultsResults showed 0.987 agreement, indicating excellent interrater reliability; item level internal consistency values ranged from 0.860 to 0.882. for scale if item deleted and 0.834 for the total scale.DiscussionFindings from this study showed that the KCAR-R operationalized behaviors that exemplify caregiver coaching and may serve as a resource for other states or programs to document the quality and fidelity of evidence-based EI services. To influence EI provider practices at a systems level, we used implementation science to guide our work and provide examples of how EI systems seeking ways to create sustainable quality services may build upon our approach.

Psychometric evaluation of a Spanish translation of the moral injury symptom scale for healthcare professionals

BackgroundMoral injury is prevalent among health care professionals, especially nurses. It can have negative personal consequences for clinicians, and indirectly impact the quality of patient care. Although nurses around the world experienced moral injury during the pandemic, it will continue to be a professional challenge. Thus, this study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of a scale measuring moral injury translated into Spanish.MethodsA methodological study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted. After translating the Moral Injury Symptom Scale for Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP) into Peruvian Spanish (MISS-HP-S) using International Test Commission methods, data were collected using online survey methods from a sample of 720 Peruvian nurses. Analytical methods included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and invariance by age were examined. The corrected homogeneity index, ordinal alpha, and McDonald’s omega allowed the evaluation of internal reliability.ResultsFindings from this sample of nurses who were mostly female (92%), from coastal Peru (57%), and averaged 39 (± 11) years of age, provided support for the validity and reliability of the MISS-HP-S. Structural validity was endorsed by findings indicating consistent factorial structure and adequate invariance among different age groups. In this study, three factors were observed: guilt/shame, condemnation, and spiritual strength. Internal consistency values included an ordinal alpha of 0.795 and McDonald’s omega of 0.835.ConclusionThese findings differ from those reported from previous studies in other cultural contexts, suggesting the influence of cultural and sample-specific factors in the perception of moral injury among Peruvian nurses. Because this evidence supports the validity of the MISS-HP-S, it can be used in professional practice and in future research to identify and address situations that contribute to nurse moral injury.

The Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire: Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version

Social support research in sports has attracted considerable attention in recent years. There are limited sport-specific support perception measurements to measure Turkish athletes' support perceptions. The present study was conducted to adapt the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire developed by Freeman et al. (2011) into Turkish and examine the measurement's psychometric properties. A total of 300 athletes aged between 18-22 years were included in the study. The factor structure of the measurement was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The obtained data revealed significant factor loadings and produced acceptable fit indices. Both internal consistency and composite reliability values were found to be high, thus supporting the validity and reliability of the measurement. The results show that the measurement retains its original structure consisting of 4 dimensions (esteem support, emotional support, information support, and tangible support) and 16 items, each containing four items. Accordingly, it was concluded that the Perceived Accessible Support in Sport Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish athletes.

Portuguese validation of the foot health status Questionnaire in patients with diabetic foot disease

Purpose This study aims to adapt and validate the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, developed by Bennett et al., in Portuguese patients with diabetic foot. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 143 patients with diabetic foot. A principal component analysis with oblique rotation and a confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling were performed. Results The Portuguese version of the FHSQ (FHSQ-PT) in patients with diabetic foot remains equal to the original version, although with all factors correlated with each other. All scales presented high internal consistency values (pain: ω = 0.884; function: ω = 0.890; general foot health: ω = 0.910; and footwear: ω = 0.702), except for the footwear scale, although with a minimum acceptable coefficient. The FHSQ-PT scales showed good convergent validity and good discriminant validity. The FHSQ-PT scales were also able to discriminate between male and female patients as well as between patients with an active diabetic foot ulcer from those who did not. Conclusions The results of the validated FHSQ-PT for Portuguese patients with diabetic foot showed good psychometric properties, being a useful, objective, and small instrument that may be used in clinical practice by health professionals without consuming too much time.

The healthy eating index for older adults: adaptation of the 2015 healthy eating index considering dietary guidelines for healthy aging.

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a comprehensive measure to assess diet quality. Because of the various factors that influence the nutritional status of older adults, there is a need to adapt an index that assesses the quality of the diet considering the dietary requirements of aging and health promotion. This study aimed to adapt the HEI for older adults, considering their needs for healthy eating. Food consumption data was collected by means of three non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls (R24h). For the adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index for Older Adults (HEI-OA), the components and scoring methodology of HEI-2015 were maintained and Brazilian food intake recommendations for the older population were used, which are in line with international recommendations. The validity of the HEI-OA was assessed by four ideal diets, Mann-Whitney's test, Spearman's correlation analysis and Cronbach's coefficient. Content validity of the HEI-OA was confirmed by the maximum score for diets recommended to older adults and by the score between groups with known differences in diet quality. The HEI-OA total score did not correlate with total energy intake (TEI - total energy value: r = -0.141, p > 0.05). The total HEI-OA score showed a statistically significant correlation with several nutrients. These correlations allowed identifying that these nutrients are closely related to the components of the HEI-OA. The internal consistency value for the HEI-OA total score was 0.327, similar to the 2005 and 2010 versions of the HEI. The HEI was successfully adapted for use with older adults, presenting validity and reliability. The HEI-OA can be used to assess diet quality in line with international dietary guidelines for healthy aging.

Validation of the Chinese orthostatic discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS) for detection of orthostatic intolerance syndrome

BackgroundOrthostatic intolerance (OI) is the inability to tolerate orthostatic stress during any postural change. The etiology of OI varies, and methods to obtain a specific diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment are important. The tools available within the Chinese context to swiftly identify orthostatic intolerance syndrome (OIS) are currently limited. MethodsPatients with OI symptoms were included in this study and categorized into two groups based on the results of the supine-to-stand test. Those with abnormal test results were assigned to the OIS group, while those with normal test results were placed in the non-OIS group. We evaluated the internal consistency and predictive value of the Chinese Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS) by comparing patients’ scores with their physiological measurements collected during orthostatic stress tests and the results of other available questionnaires, including the orthostatic Symptom Questionnaire and Orthostatic Grading Scale (OGS). ResultsPatients with OIS scored significantly higher on all three questionnaires and showed significant differences in autonomic responses during orthostatic stress tests compared with non-OIS patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the orthostatic score from the ODSS had moderate predictive value for the supine test (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.754). Further subgroup analysis revealed that the orthostatic score from the ODSS had uniquely high specificity and sensitivity for identifying patients with orthostatic hypotension with abnormal cerebral blood flow (OH–U, AUC = 0.919). ConclusionsWe conclude that the Chinese version of the ODSS has sufficient reliability and validity to distinguish patients with OIS and could possibly be used as a diagnostic tool for OH–U patients. Thus, the Chinese ODSS offers a beneficial screening tool for quickly assessing whether patients have OIS that requires further clinical assessment.

Dutch Translation of the Yost Self-Report Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire in Women.

Validated questionnaires of self-reported LEL are important in the assessment and diagnosis of LEL. The aim of this study was to validate and translate a Dutch version of the screening questionnaire, the LELSQ developed and validated by Yost et al. Methods: We tested the questionnaire on a group of healthy women and a group of patients diagnosed with LEL. The translation was carried out using the forward and backward method from English to Dutch. SPSS (IBM corp, Armonk, New York, NY, USA) version 28.0.1.0 (001) was used for statistical analysis in the process of validation. The internal consistency was assessed by determining Cronbach's alpha. The reliability was tested by test-retest reliability. The validity was determined by ROC analysis, and content and face validity were evaluated. The internal consistency score in both groups had a strong value (0.83 to 0.90). The test-retest reliability was also strong in both groups. Face and content validity showed the LELSQ is an easy, understandable questionnaire that is not too time-consuming in the early detection of LEL. The ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.93, indicating strong validity. The validated Dutch translation showed high values for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity, which allows us to implement the questionnaire in the early detection of LEL after gynecological cancer treatment.

The Arabic Version of Compulsive Exercise Test among Saudi Population; Translation and Validation.

Compulsive exercise is a condition characterized by uncontrollable exercise behaviour that may lead to severe and harmful physical and psychological consequences. Indeed, compulsive exercise is among the early symptoms of eating disorders that may affect different age groups. Globally and among Arab countries, compulsive exercise is common, while the screening methods used to assess compulsive exercise are limited. Thus, the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) has emerged as a tool to assess cognitive, behavioural, and emotional factors related to compulsive exercise. The CET is a self-report, Likert-type scale comprising five distinct subscales. The increase in the CET scores is more likely associated with worsened pathology. Since the Arab countries lack such an assessment tool, we aimed to translate the CET into Arabic, validate the translated version, confirm the factor structures, and assess the internal consistency of the different subscales. Herein, we used the forward-backward translation method as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall validity index of the translated version showed a score higher than 0.78, while the scale-level content validity index based on the average calculating method (S-CVI/Ave) and the agreement method (S-CVI/UA) were 0.91 and 0.58, respectively. Moreover, we recruited 399 Arabs living in Saudi to measure the internal consistency, and the value of the substantive internal consistency with Cronbach's α was 0.81. Subsequently, four of the Arabic-CET subscales had substantive internal consistency with Cronbach's α values higher than or equal to 0.70. Furthermore, the exploratory factor analysis results supported the substantial use of the five-subscale model. Taken together, our study supports using the Arabic-CET version to measure exercise compulsiveness among Arabs.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ) for Portuguese nursing students

BackgroundThe professional self-concept of nursing students significantly influences their attitude and identity within the profession, ultimately impacting their mental health and overall well-being. Recent evidence underscores the importance of assessing students’ professional self-concept to prevent adverse outcomes such as burnout and stress. Since there are currently no validated instruments available in Portugal for this purpose, our objective was to translate, adapt, and validate the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ) with nursing students in Portugal.MethodsA two-phase research study with a non-probabilistic sample of 216 undergraduate nursing students, using the QualtricsXM electronic platform for data collection. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the validity of the theoretical construct and its internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the model fit.ResultsThe final instrument, designated as Questionário de Autoconceito dos/as Enfermeiros/as (Pt – NSCQ), is composed of 24 items distributed across five dimensions: “General self-concept”, “Staff relations”, “Leadership”, “Communication-care” and “Knowledge”, which explain 67.71% of the total variance. All dimensions and the global scale revealed good internal consistency values, ranging from 0.775 to 0.927. The resulting factorial structure is coherent with the theoretical framework.ConclusionThe Pt – NSCQ proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess Portuguese nursing students’ professional self-concept. Future studies should be carried out on larger samples and different educational contexts, aligned with the importance to ensure the continuity of the psychometric analysis of the instrument.

Malay Translation of Attitudes Toward Career Counselling Scale for University Students in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to translate the Attitudes Towards Career Counselling Scales (ATCCS) into Malay version. The researcher also tested the validity and reliability of the instrument using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 500 final-year undergraduate students at four public universities in Malaysia were included in this study (100 for EFA, 400 for CFA). There are four experts involved in the translation process. The three experts consist of a university lecturer in the field of counseling and a translation specialist. The face and content validity of the instrument involved five experts and resulted in a high validity score of 0.95. Two factors were formed through EFA, namely value and stigma, based on an eigenvalue of above 1. The total cumulative percentage is 64.95% and is considered strong. All items have factor loading values above .6. The result of the CFA analysis shows that the ATCCS measurement model had fulfilled the fit index RMSEA (0.089), CFI (0.926), TLI (0.914) and Chisq/df (4.191). The results also show that convergent validity and composite reliability were achieved. These two factors have an internal consistency value (Cronbach's alpha) of value α =.95, stigma α =.88, total ATCCS α =.85, and these values are within an acceptable range. The conclusion from the EFA and CFA conducted is that the Attitudes Toward Career Counselling in the Malay version meets the criteria of validity and reliability of the instrument to be used by future researchers in determining students' planned happenstance skills among university students.

Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone App for Vertical Jump Height Assessment Using the Marker Displacement Time Method

The correct assessment of the vertical jump height depends on an accurate and reliable measurement tool. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and reliability of the My Jump 2 app used for estimating the maximum height (MH) of the counter-movement jump (CMJ). Twenty-one male adults participated in this study. The MH of the CMJ was estimated based on the displacement of the jumper’s center of mass (force platform), the displacement time of the reflective marker placed on the jumper’s sacrum (smartphone, My Jump 2-DT) and the flight time of the jumper (smartphone, My Jump 2-FT). The assessment of the concurrent validity showed a poor agreement (ICC = 0.362; Bland–Altman bias = 12.4 cm) between the My Jump 2-FT and force platform (p < 0.001), and a good agreement (ICC = 0.858; Bland–Altman bias = −0.2 cm) between the My Jump 2-DT and force platform (p < 0.001). The ICC values for internal consistency (>0.9) indicated the excellent reliability of all measurement tools (p < 0.001). The findings revealed the high accuracy and good reliability of the My Jump 2 app for the new method of MH estimation for the CMJ, including the displacement time of the marker placed on the jumper’s sacrum.

(066) SEXUAL DISORDERS AFTER TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

Abstract Introduction Elective termination of pregnancy (TOP) is legal in our country since 2012. Consequences on sexuality after abortion have never been studied in our country and papers related to this subject are scarce. Objective To evaluate the impact in sexuality after TOP in women. Methods We conducted an observational, descriptive and retrospective study, approved by the Ethics Board of the University. Once approved a self administered survey form was released on social media, information requested was anonymous, honorary and voluntary. Demographic data collected was age, origin, educational level, work or study activity, marital situation, previous TOP, use of birth control methods, etc. As a tool to evaluate sexuality, we used the questionnaire validated in Spanish FSM (Women’s Sexual Function). Results In the period December 2022 to February 2023, we collected 70 responses, our calculated sample was 97, that represent 72.2%. We anticipated an impact on the statistical power of the study. The characteristics of the population is shown in Table 1. The average age was 30.8 years (range 20-44 years). 58.6% (41 women) live in the capital city, and the remaining 41.4% live in the other 18 states. 95.7% of women, 67, live in urban and/or suburban areas, and only 3 (4.3%) rural areas. 30 subjects (42.9%) thought that TOP impacted their sexuality and most of them, 40, didn’t or hadn’t thought about, it until the question was directly raised. The impact was negative in 23 (47.9%) women, positive in 2 (4.2%) and without effect in 23. Women reporting impact on sexuality, 18 women represent 64.3% of the total that declare low sexual desire. Pain or other penetrative disorders was reported by 35.7% (10 cases), arousal disorders 28.6% (8) and orgasm disorders 6 women (21.4%). 60% (42) of the cases, did not seek medical help, only 4 women did with no results from the healthcare system in one case. About the relevance of sexual education in TOP, 70% considered it appropriate, 49 preferred it during the TOP process, while 17 thought that it was convenient in a different setting. We validated the FSM questionnaire for internal consistency Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated, both globally and by sub dimension. The values obtained show a high value of internal consistency in general, except in the dimension “Problems in penetration”, where the value is lower (0.67), still within the acceptable parameters (≥ 0.7). In most of the domains analyzed by the FSM, the proportion of women without disorders is high, ≥ 80% in some cases, as shown in other papers (Fig. 1) In the subgroup analysis 29 (45.3%) women of the 64 did not present disorder, and 35 had at least a moderate or severe one (54 .7%). 13 of the 64 women (20.3%) had at least one severe disorder. 54% of women pointed out an impair the desire phase. Although the remaining 46% had no alterations, it is a relevant to design strategies to prevent dysfunctions and prophylaxis in mental health. Conclusions Abortion is a right guaranteed by national law We must ensure this right but also provide tools that improve women’s sexual health in the process. Disclosure No.

The validity of the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire in children aged 4 to 12

BackgroundGiven the growing evidence on the health benefits associated with physical literacy (PL), it is necessary to develop sound measures to assess the levels of PL in children. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is the first self-report pictorial-based scale to assess children’s perceived PL. It has good validity and reliability in Australian children aged 7 to 12 years, but little is known in younger children and in other cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability in an expanded age range.MethodsA total of 1,870 Chinese children (girls, n = 871; 46.6%), aged 4 to 12 years (M = 8.07 ± 2.42) participated in validity testing. Structural equation modeling with the Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance approach was used to assess construct validity. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 30 items and four hypothesized factors: physical, psychological, social and cognitive capabilities. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess sex and age group (4–6 years, 7–9 years and 10–12 years) measurement invariance. Internal consistency analyses were conducted using polychoric alpha. A random subsample (n = 262) was selected to determine test–retest reliability using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC).ResultsAll items except one (moving with equipment–skateboarding) loaded on sub-domains with λ > 0.45. The hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.042), with measurement equivalence across sex and age groups separately. Internal consistency values were good to excellent (overall: α = 0.94; physical: α = 0.86; psychological: α = 0.83; social: α = 0.81; cognitive: α = 0.86). Test–retest reliability was adequate to excellent (overall: ICC = 0.90, physical: ICC = 0.86, psychological: ICC = 0.75, social: ICC = 0.71, cognitive: ICC = 0.72).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the PL-C Quest is valid and reliable for testing the self-reported PL of Chinese children aged 4 to 12. This study provides the first evidence of validity for this tool in children aged 4–6 years and also evidence that the PL-C Quest would be a meaningful instrument to assess PL in Chinese children.

Spanish version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and validation in nursing aides

The aim of this study is to translate, culturally adapt, and validate a Spanish version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for a sample of nursing assistant aides. The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted. Next, it was included in a battery of tests that was completed by 526 nursing assistants working in residential care homes in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). To assess its validity, the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used. The internal consistency was estimated with McDonald's Omega coefficient (?), complemented by the test-retest reliability analysis through the intraclass correlation coefficient. The validity of the criteria was established by the correlation between total score on the test and quality of life measures, job insecurity and psychological demand, and social support at work. The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis adjustment indices confirmed it is a unidimensional test. The internal consistency values indicated very high reliability (? = 0.81). Similarly, the intraclass correlation coefficient showed statistically significant values and an excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.95). The validity of the criteria showed a statistically significant correlation with all the constructs studied, particularly with quality of life. This Spanish version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire has good psychometric qualities for a population of nursing aides and therefore may be a valid and reliable tool for assessing musculoskeletal disorders.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the stuttering generalization self-measure tool in adults who stutter

PurposeOur study aimed to translate the Stuttering Generalization Self-Measure (SGSM) into Persian and investigate its validity, reliability, and internal responsiveness in the Iranian population. MethodThis study was conducted on 30 adults who stutter (AWS) and 30 adults who do not stutter (AWNS). The International Quality of Life Assessment protocol (IQOLA) was applied to translate SGSM into Persian. The face and content validity were determined. Also, the discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing the scores of two groups. In addition, the internal consistency test-retest, and inter-judge reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Moreover, the mean standardized response (MSR) and the standardized effect size were measured to determine the internal responsiveness using pre- and post-treatment data. ResultsAll the items were comprehensible and clear. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) for all nine questions were obtained higher than.62 and.9, respectively. The internal consistency value was high (Cronbach’s alpha =.98). For the test-retest reliability, ICC values were excellent, ranging from.93 to.99. The discriminant validity results revealed a significant difference between AWS and AWNS (p < .001). Pre- and post-treatment results indicated high internal responsiveness to changes for percentage of syllable stuttered (SS%) (MSR = 1.09). ConclusionThe Persian version of SGSM (P-SGSM) benefits from the high values for validity and reliability. Furthermore, it distinguishes the AWS and AWNS and reflects the treatment changes significantly.