Internal Consistency Test Research Articles

Validation of the highly sensitive person scale for suicide screening in high-risk groups: A case-control study

Purpose: High sensitivity is among the risk factors that increase psychological burden, increasing the risk of suicide in some people. The aim of the study was to develop a Korean version of the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) scale and investigate its psychometric properties. Diagnostic validity was evaluated to identify those with high suicidal risk.Methods: A total of 176 participants were recruited from the 12 hospital-based Crisis Response Centers across South Korea. As a case-control study, we used two groups: suicidal risk group and control group. Those with suicidal ideation or attempts were classified as suicidal risk group, and the control group sample were recruited from the Crisis Response Centers workers. Tests for internal consistency and concurrent validity with other scales were conducted.Results: Results showed strong item-total correlation and concurrent validity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.881. The HSP cutoff score of 13 yielded the best balance between sensitivity (74%) and specificity (87%). Construct validity was supported by a one-factor model using exploratory factor analysis.Conclusion: Overall, the current study supports the use of HSP in psychiatric settings as a valid screening tool for suicidal risk.

Testing the psychometric properties of the Chinese (Cantonese) version of SATIS-Stroke in people with chronic stroke

Purpose To culturally adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese (Cantonese) version of SATIS-Stroke (C-SATIS-Stroke) in people with chronic stroke. Materials and methods Forward and backward translations were performed in accordance with available guidelines. We administered the C-SATIS-Stroke to 101 people with stroke and 50 healthy older adults. We assessed the test–retest and internal reliability, measurement error, known-group validity, correlations with other outcome measures, optimal cut-off score and ceiling and floor effects. Results C-SATIS-Stroke demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.959) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient3,1 = 0.913). Compared with healthy controls, people with chronic stroke had lower C-SATIS-Stroke scores. The mean C-SATIS-Stroke score was significantly correlated with the mean scores of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Stroke Impact Scale, Community Integration Measure and Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly. The cut-off score to distinguish the levels of satisfaction with activity and participation between people with chronic stroke and healthy older adults was 80 out of 108 (sensitivity: 77%; specificity: 72%). C-SATIS-Stroke exhibited ceiling effects but not floor effects. Conclusions C-SATIS-Stroke is a reliable and valid measure for assessing satisfaction with social participation among Chinese people with chronic stroke. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Satisfactory semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence of the C-SATIS-Stroke are in line with those of the original English version of the SATIS-Stroke Excellent reliability and validity of the C-SATIS-Stroke are also in line with those of the original English version of the SATIS-Stroke The C-SATIS-Stroke can be used to assess the subjective satisfaction feeling in terms of social participation among Chinese people with chronic stroke

Validation of an Instrument to Measure Family Engagement in Acute Cardiac Care

BackgroundEngaging families in care leads to improved patient- and family-centreed outcomes and is recommended by cardiovascular societies. However, no validated tools are currently available to measure family engagement in acute cardiac care. We previously described the development of the FAMily Engagement (FAME) instrument. The purpose of this study is to validate the FAME instrument in acute cardiac care. MethodsThe FAME questionnaire was administered to family members of patients in a cardiovascular intensive care unit and ward at an academic tertiary care hospital in Montreal, Canada. After hospital discharge, we assessed family satisfaction in the intensive care unit (FS-ICU) and mental health (using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]). Higher FAME scores indicate increased care engagement. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency testing. Predictive validity was evaluated by assessing the relationship between the FAME score and the FS-ICU score and whether the FAME score was correlated with the HADS score. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing the FAME score with engagement elements of the FS-ICU score. ResultsA total of 160 family participants were included (age 54.8 ± 14.8 years; 66% women; 36% non-White). The most common relationships to the patient were spouse/partner and adult child (both n = 62; 39%). The mean FAME score was 70.8 ± 16.0. The FAME instrument had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = 0.86). The FAME score was associated with family satisfaction in the multivariable analysis (P < 0.001). No correlation occurred between FAME and HADS anxiety or depression scores. ConclusionsThe FAME tool demonstrated reliability and convergent and predictive validity in the acute care cardiac population. Further research is needed to explore whether selected engagement interventions can impact the FAME score favourably.

Development and Validation of the Youth Purpose Orientation Scale Among Chinese Sample.

Purpose orientation has an important impact on the development of adolescence. An effective instrument is needed to describe the purpose orientation of youth. The aim of this research is to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure life purpose orientations of youth. Study 1 established a preliminary pool of items based on a literature review, an open-form questionnaire, and some expert opinions. Study 2 used exploratory factor analysis and performed internal consistency and reliability tests. The sample consisted of 442 young Chinese students, divided into males (49.3%) and females (50.7%) with an age range of 13 to 22 years. Study 3 performed confirmatory factor analysis and tested the scale's calibration validity and test-retest reliability. The confirmatory sample comprised 91,635 young Chinese students, divided into males (43.2%) and females (56.5%) with an age range of 12 to 23 years. The calibration validity sample consisted of 572 participants, aged 12 to 22. The test-retest reliability sample consisted of 200 participants. Through exploratory factor analysis, the four-factor structure revealed contains personal growth, social promotion, family well-being, and personal well-being purpose orientations. This four factor-structure revealed a 65.26% cumulative variance. The four factors' alpha reliability was 0.89 for personal growth, 0.87 for social promotion, 0.86 for family well-being, and 0.87 for personal well-being, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitting index had a good four-factor structure. The calibration validity and test-retest reliability were acceptable. These findings demonstrated that the 19-item findings demonstrated that the Youth Purpose Orientation Scale is a valid and reliable measure. In future research, it can be used to measure purpose orientation in youth.

"Occupational Safety Education Programmes for Managing WorkRelated Stress among Adult Education Lecturers in Public Universities in Rivers State"

The study examined occupational safety education programmes for managing work-related stress among Adult Education lecturers in public universities in Rivers State. To achieve the purpose of the study, the study developed three (3) objectives of the study, research questions and hypotheses that guided the conduct of the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The area of the study was Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers State. The population of the study was made up of 45 Adult Education lecturers in public universities in Rivers State, (Rivers State University, University of Port Harcourt and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education). The entire population of this study was taken as census without sampling. This is because it is small and manageable. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire titled: “Occupational Safety Education Programmes for Managing WorkRelated Stress Questionnaire. The instrument was validated by two experts. A test of internal consistency using Cronbach Alpha method was used for the reliability of the instrument. Cumulative reliability coefficient of 0.82was obtained showing the instrument was reliable.The research questions were analysed using mean and standard deviation statistics while the null hypotheses were tested using z-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the analysis, the study revealed that occupational safety education on health, unsafe act auditing and good housekeeping helps in managing work-related stress among Adult Education lecturers in public universities in Rivers State to a high extent. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that the university authorities in collaboration with the universities and external medical centres should organize health seminars, conferences and workshops on the need for regular medical checkups, proper nutrition and eating habits, regular exercises, good sleeping habits, importance of vacations and discourage self medication. However, it was also concluded that occupational safety education programmes on health, unsafe act auditing and good housekeeping, are found to help lecturers manage these work-related stress to a high extent.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Taiwan Chinese version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International for community-dwelling elderly individuals

BackgroundThe Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) is a commonly used questionnaire to evaluate concerns about falling. We adapted a Taiwan Chinese version (FES-ITC) and evaluated its reliability and validity in community-dwelling elderly individuals. The discriminative validity was tested in relation to several known risk factors for fear of falling (FOF).MethodsThe questionnaire was adapted through translation, back-translation, and expert review processes. A convenience sample of 135 community-dwelling elderly individuals (at least 60 years old) completed the adapted questionnaire, and 31 of them had a retest within 7–10 days. Cronbach’s α and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate the internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Principal component factor analysis was performed to assess the factor-construct validity. The discriminative validity was tested in relation to demographic features, fall-related history and performances on three functional tests: timed up and go, four-stage balance and 30-s chair stand tests. Effect sizes were computed. Correlation coefficients between physical functional performance and FES-ITC scores were computed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cutoff point for the score to differentiate high and low concern of falling.ResultsThe FES-ITC questionnaire had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.94) and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.94). Principal component factor analysis yielded a two-factor model, with several items requiring high demand on postural control loading on factor 2. FES-ITC scores discriminated individuals with different ages, reporting FOF, reporting falls in the past year and using walking aids. However, FES-ITC scores did not differ between the participants who were at risk of falling and those who were not at risk based on functional test performance and there was no correlation found between them.ConclusionThe FES-ITC was highly reliable and had adequate construct and discriminative validity. The lack of correlation between FES-ITC scores and functional test performance implied the presence of FOF even in individuals with good functional performance. Further follow up studies are warranted to verify the predictive validity of the FES-ITC.

Reliability and validity testing of the medicines related - consultation assessment tool for assessing pharmacists’ consultations

BackgroundDemonstrating a person-centred approach in a consultation is a key component of delivering high-quality healthcare. To support development of such an approach requires training underpinned by valid assessment tools. Given the lack of a suitable pharmacy-specific tool, a new global consultation skills assessment tool: the medicines related-consultation assessment tool (MR-CAT) was designed and tested.AimThis study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the MR-CAT using psychometric methods.MethodPsychometric testing involved analysis of participants’ (n = 13) assessment of fifteen pre-recorded simulated consultations using the MR-CAT. Analysis included discriminant validity testing, intrarater and interrater reliability testing for each of the five sections of the MR-CAT and for the overall global assessment of the consultation. Analysis also included internal consistency testing for the whole tool.ResultsInternal consistency for the overall global assessment of the consultation was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). The MR-CAT discriminated well for the overall global assessment of the consultation (p < 0.001). Moderate to high intrarater reliability was observed for the overall global assessment of the consultation and for all five sections of the MR-CAT (rho = 0.64–0.84) in the test–retest analysis. Moderate to good interrater reliability (Kendall’s W = 0.68–0.90) was observed for the overall global assessment of the consultation and for all five sections of the MR-CAT.ConclusionThe MR-CAT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing person-centred pharmacist’s consultations. Moreover, its unique design means that the MR-CAT can be used in both formative and summative assessment.

Reliability and Validity of the Motor Activity Log (MAL-30) Scale for Post-Stroke Patients in a Spanish Sample.

The validation of assessment instruments is of great importance when they are applied in clinical and healthcare settings, since their safe and reliable use is essential for the application of appropriate and high-quality treatments. The motor activity log (MAL-30) is an instrument widely used by professionals in the clinic, which has been validated in different countries, languages and populations. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the MAL-30 scale for post-stroke patients in a Spanish sample. For this purpose, internal consistency tests were carried out using Cronbach's alpha, item-item and item-total correlations, and a half-and-half test for reliability. For the validation, criterion validity tests were performed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale as the gold standard, and the convergent validity tests were carried out by correlation with the action research arm test (ARAT), box and block test (BBT), functional independence measure (FIM)-functional assessment measure (FAM), Lawton and Brody index and stroke quality of life scale (ECVI-38). The results showed good internal consistency, as well as a good criterion and convergent validity. The MAL-30 instrument can be considered a valid and reliable tool for assessing the quantity and quality of the use of the affected upper limb in the performance of the activities of daily living and the instrumental activities of daily living after stroke in a Spanish sample.

Psychometric Properties of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) Scale in Post-Stroke Patients-Spanish Population.

The validation of measuring instruments in the field of health is a requirement before they can be used safely and reliably. The action research arm test (ARAT) tool is an instrument validated in numerous countries and languages and for different populations, and its use is widespread. The objective of this research was to determine the psychometric properties of ARAT for a sample composed of post-stroke patients. To achieve this, a psychometric analysis was performed, where internal consistency tests were carried out using Cronbach's alpha, correlations between items and item-total and half-level tests to verify their reliability. Regarding validity, criteria validity tests were performed, taking the motor function dimension of the Fugl-Meyer scale as gold standard, and convergent validity tests were performed by correlation with the FIM-FAM, ECVI-38 and Lawton and Brody scales. The results showed very good internal consistency as well as good criterion and convergent validity. In conclusion, the ARAT can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of upper limb function in post-stroke patients.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes

BackgroundThe Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) is developed to evaluate the shoulder and elbow function in overhead athletes. To date, the score has not been adapted into Finnish language. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC) into Finnish language and evaluate its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in overhead athletes.MethodsForward–backward translation method was followed in the cross-cultural adaptation process. Subsequently, 114 overhead athletes (52 males, 62 females, mean age 18.1 ± 2.8 years) completed the Finnish version of KJOC score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and RAND-36 to assess validity of the KJOC score. To evaluate reliability and responsiveness, the participants filled in the KJOC score 16 days and eight months after the first data collection. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score were statistically tested.ResultsMinor modifications were made during the cross-cultural translation and adaptation process, which were related to culture specific terminology in sports and agreed by an expert committee. Construct validity of the KJOC score was moderate to high, based on the correlations with DASH (r = − 0.757); DASH sports module (r = − 0.667); ASES (r = 0.559); and RAND-36 (r = 0.397) questionnaires. Finnish KJOC score showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and good test–retest reliability (2-way mixed-effects model ICC = 0.77) with acceptable measurement error level (SEM 5.5; MDC 15.1). Ceiling effect was detected for asymptomatic athletes in each item (23.2–61.1%), and for symptomatic athletes in item 5 (47.4%). Responsiveness of the Finnish KJOC score could not be confirmed due to conflicting follow-up results.ConclusionThe Finnish KJOC score was found to be a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring the self-reported upper arm status in Finnish-speaking overhead athletes.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic Version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale

ABSTRACT Objective Few studies have investigated the Dark Triad and its impact on behaviour in Saudi Arabia, mostly due to the lack of validated instruments. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, in the context of Saudi Arabia. Method A sample of 1,329 respondents (59.8% female, mean age = 26.79, SD = 8.47) completed a survey containing the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DD), the Corruption Propensity Scale and the Propensity to Morally Disengage scale, as well as a demographics questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance across gender, internal consistency reliability analysis, test–retest reliability analysis, and concurrent and convergent validity analyses were performed to validate the DD. Results The CFA supported a three-factor model with adequate factor loadings ranging between 0.29 and 0.83 and sufficient fit indices. The scale was gender invariant. The internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were adequate (0.70–0.86 and 0.58–0.75, respectively). Moderate-to-high Pearson correlations supported the convergent and concurrent validity of the scale. Conclusion The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in Saudi Arabia.

Keputusan Investasi Digital dan Transaksi Non Tunai Investor Muslim

Muslim investors invest for financial gain in the future. The current investment decision determines the profit or loss received. The purpose of the study was to determine how much financial literacy and risk tolerance influence in determining digital investment decisions and to find out how much financial literacy and risk tolerance influence in conducting non-cash transactions during the covid-19 pandemic for Muslim investors. The research was conducted on Muslim investors in Sukoharjo Regency. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling with the number of respondents as many as 110. Data collection was done using a questionnaire distributed to Muslim investors who have done investment activities. Testing the model using Path Analysis with SmartPLS Software by performing Individual Item Reliability Test, Internal Consistency Test, and Discriminant Validity Test. The test results show that the financial literacy of Muslim investors has no effect on investment decisions and non-cash transaction decisions. Meanwhile, risk tolerance affects investment decisions and non-cash transaction decisions. The investment decisions of a Muslim are not based on their financial knowledge but on the current economic situation.

Validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the new brief job stress questionnaire (short version) for work-related stress screening among office workers

BACKGROUND The short version of the new brief job stress questionnaire (SV-NBJSQ) that is originally in Japanese could evaluate work-related stress in Indonesian office workers. However, it has not been validated in Indonesian. Thus, this study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the SV-NBJSQ.&#x0D; METHODS This study was conducted by linguistic and cultural adaptation of the original Japanese questionnaire into Indonesian and continued with exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and reliability test of Cronbach’s alpha. Electronic and paper-based data were collected using total sampling from office workers at two companies in Jakarta from December 2017 to August 2018.&#x0D; RESULTS A total of 438 respondents filled the questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 63 items, screened based on a loading factor of &gt;0.4 and 13 factors (dimensions). Each factor had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.628–0.887, while the entire 63 had 0.904 with a total documented cumulative variation of 64.97%.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the SV-NBJSQ is valid and reliable. Thus, we may use it as a more suitable, updated, and comprehensive tool to evaluate work-related stress among office workers.

Psychometric Testing of the Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool (PSAT)-40 for Nursing Preceptors.

Background The aim of this study was to complete the third phase of development of the Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool (PSAT). Method Psychometric testing was conducted via an online Qualtrics survey with a statewide sample of 320 nurse preceptors from July to September 2020. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency and scale reliability testing were conducted on the 64-item PSAT. Results Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: (1) inter/intrapersonal skills and attitudes, (2) knowledge and understanding, and (3) administrative resources and support. Cronbach's alpha values for the PSAT-40 ranged from 0.978 to 0.998. Final scale reliability was excellent at 0.983. Conclusion The Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool, now in its final form as the PSAT-40, has established construct validity and reliability and can be used to assess competency as a preceptor. Nurse educators can use this instrument to assess the needs of nurse preceptors and develop strategic nursing preceptor education programs. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(11):491-499.].

Development and validation of the Jordanian food purchasing habits survey

PurposeThe authors developed and validated a questionnaire called “The Jordanian Food Purchasing Habits Survey” (JFPHS). The purpose of this questionnaire was to explore Jordanians’ food purchasing habits and the factors which may affect these habits among a convenient sample of people. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such questionnaires have been developed to measure these factors for the Jordanian population. This paper aims to describe the reasoning behind and the process of developing the (JFPHS).Design/methodology/approachThe JFPHS investigated meal preparation and grocery shopping behaviors, nutrition label use and factors affecting purchasing of 13 (n = 13) food groups. A two-step process, a pilot test and validity study, were used to validate the questionnaire. Internal consistency (split-half reliability) tests were run on the factors in each individual food group producing Spearman–Brown correlation coefficients.FindingsA convenient sample of 483 individuals (118 males, 365 females) participated in the study. Spearman–Brown correlation coefficients were < 0.7 for bread and between 0.7–0.8 and 0.8–0.9 for other food groups. The ingredients list grid and the expiry date grid had Spearman–Brown coefficient values > 0.9.Social implicationsThis questionnaire is a valid tool to assess food purchasing behavior. Results from our questionnaire, when published, may be used to monitor trends in food consumption.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such questionnaires been developed to measure these factors for the Jordanian population.

Validation of the Burden Transfer Inventory-abbreviated and examination across veterinary medicine positions and settings in the United States.

Burden transfer, when veterinary client caregiver burden underlies stressful encounters with providers, elevates risk for occupational distress in veterinary medicine. To date, burden transfer has been primarily examined in veterinarians working in general practice, using methods that are time consuming. The current work validates an abbreviated Burden Transfer Inventory (BTI-A) and explores burden transfer across positions of employment and veterinary settings. Participants completed online measures of burden transfer, stress and burnout. A BTI-A with items representing each BTI domain was created with an initial validation sample (n = 1151 veterinarians). Confirmatory psychometric analyses were conducted in a cross-validation sample (n = 440 veterinarians and support staff), followed by exploration of the BTI and BTI-A across veterinary settings and position of employment. The BTI-A correlated with the full-length BTI (r = 0.89-0.96) shows good internal consistency (α = 0.72-0.88) and 1-month test-retest reliability (r = 0.69-0.74). The BTI-A correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with stress and burnout. Exploratory comparisons suggested group differences including greater reactivity in general compared to specialty referral/emergency practice (p = 0.02). The BTI-A can be used in place of the original measure when brevity is important. Use of the BTI-A may help guide allied mental health professionals in providing support for wellbeing in veterinary healthcare team members.

Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale

Objective: Research on simulation-based experience focuses primarily on the student's level of knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and satisfaction. There is only one scale in Turkish that can be used to measure satisfaction with the simulation experience. The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES).&#x0D; Methods: The study sample consisted of 130 nursing students from two universities. Data were collected using a student information form, the Turkish version of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES-TR) and the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Confidence in Learning (SSSCL). The original SSES was translated into Turkish. Thirteen academics, who were experts in nursing and simulation, were consulted for content validity. Expert feedback was collected in a form to determine the content validity ratio using Lawshe's technique. The Turkish adaptation of the SSES was performed by four linguists to ensure linguistic validity. The correlation between the SSES-TR and SSSCL was determined using concurrent validity and Pearson’s Correlation. Internal consistency tests were used to test reliability. The SSES-TR was administered to 35 students as a test-retest with an interval of two weeks to determine its consistency across time. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).&#x0D; Results: The scale had a content validity index (CVI) of 0.86. The SSES-TR had a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.928. The correlation between SSES-TR items and total and subscale scores ranged from 0.492 to 0.749. Test-retest reliability coefficients showed that the SSES-TR total score and subscale scores were compatible. The fit statistics of the 3-factor scale structure according to CFA are at the level of "acceptable fit" according to RMSEA (0.095) and SRMR (0.090).&#x0D; Conclusions: The SSES-TR is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess nursing students’ satisfaction with simulation-based experience.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a lymphoedema self-management behaviour questionnaire for breast cancer patients.

The study was aimed to develop and evaluate a lymphoedema self-management behaviour questionnaire (LSMBQ) for breast cancer patients. The initial version of the behaviour questionnaire was developed based on the framework of self-management and the evidence summary of lymphoedema self-management. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted to validate the questionnaire's content validity. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in breast wards of two hospitals in China to evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale. Exploratory structural equation model was used to test the construct validity. T-test was used to analyse the known group validity. Structural equation model was applied to verify the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, and lymphoedema self-management behaviour to test the convergent validity. Also, the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were evaluated. The questionnaire's content validity was satisfactory. There were 22 items included in the LSMBQ for validation and 260 completed the survey. A six-factor structure with good construct validity was identified. The result of t-test verified that patients who knew the risk of lymphoedema and those who received lymphoedema health education had higher scores of lymphoedema self-management behaviours (P < 0.05), indicating that the questionnaire has good known group validity. The fitting results of the structural equation model indicated that the 22-item questionnaire had good convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability for the total questionnaire were 0.910 and 0.875, respectively. The 22-item LSMBQ appears to have adequate reliability and validity to assess the lymphoedema self-management behaviours for breast cancer patients.

The Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the Polish Version of the Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (PL-aVHS) in the Context of Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination.

Vaccine hesitancy has become a pivotal consideration in assessing society’s readiness to accept recommended vaccination programs. The role of vaccination as a preventive measure during great epidemic challenges cannot be overestimated. On the other hand, the overwhelming flow of misinformation and attitudes resulting from denialism may have a profoundly harmful effect on the acceptance of preventive interventions. The adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) is a result of efforts to develop a tool that will be relevant to the views about vaccination in the general adult population. It was derived from the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), initially developed by researchers attempting to assess the opinions and attitudes of parents. This study’s main aim was to determine the reliability and validity of the Polish version of aVHS (PL-aVHS). We have also analyzed whether the scale can feasibly predict the COVID-19 vaccination status of respondents. The analysis was performed on data originating from a computer-based web-interviewing (CAWI) survey of 2008 adult Internet users. It included the analysis of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and hypotheses testing. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed on the subsets generated by randomly splitting the initial survey data. We have found that the scale has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.935), acceptable levels of inter-item bivariate correlations, and good test–retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.843). The EFA revealed that the tool has a two-factor latent structure; however, similar loadings of item 10 to both factors spoke for its exclusion from the model. Two extracted factors were responsible for 68.90% of the variance after rotation based on the maximum likelihood method. The CFA showed that the best fit of the model to measurement data was obtained for the two-factor model after excluding item 10. All seven fit indexes calculated in the analysis suggested at least an acceptable fit. In conclusion, the assessment of the PL-aVHS revealed good reliability and validity of the instrument. Furthermore, we have obtained similar EFA results as reported for the English version of the tool. Finally, to our knowledge, it is one of a few tools available in Polish for the measurement of vaccine-related attitudes.

Status of Iranian schools’ psycho-social environment: cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the W.H.O profile to create Child-Friendly Schools

BackgroundCreating an environment for emotional and social well-being is an important responsibility of Health-Promoting and Child-Friendly Schools. Thus, the present study aimed to assess cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Psycho-Social Environment (PSE) Profile. The second purpose of this study was to survey the psycho-social environment of schools among a local sample of Iranian school staff.MethodsThis study was conducted in two phases, including cultural adaptation and validation of a culturally adapted scale. The cultural adaptation process followed the procedure suggested by Beaton et al. Then, the culturally adapted scale was administered to a local sample of Iranian school staff including managers (21.9%), teachers (57.4%), support staff (4%), and other school staff (16.7%) in a cross-sectional study. The participants’ mean age was 39.98 ± 8.11 years and they were mostly female (62.8%). The psychometric properties of the culturally adapted version of the questionnaire were tested using a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 265), and a test of internal consistency. Finally, the status of schools’ psycho-social environment was assessed using descriptive and analytical statistics.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated an overall good fit for the 7-factor profile (χ2/df: 1.906, PNFI: 0.62, TLI: 0.78, CFI: 0.79, RMSE: 0.059). The test of internal consistency showed an acceptable reliability (α = 0. 98).ConclusionsThe Persian version of the PSE profile was culturally adapted for use in Iranian schools. Certainly, this culturally adapted version of PSE profile could be useful to determine the school psycho-social environment and to make any changes that can promote a friendly school climate for all participants, and to enhance learning and development.