Internal Consistency Reliability Coefficients Research Articles

Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study.

Tuberculosis (TB) stigma remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment completion. Increased understanding of stigma is necessary for improved interventions to minimise TB stigma and its effects. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure TB stigma and to explore qualitatively its manifestation among TB patients in a rural Kenyan community. This hospital based study using explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was conducted in 2016. In the quantitative part of the study, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring perceived TB stigma and experienced TB stigma, was administered to 208 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment in West Pokot County. Respondents with high stigma were purposively selected to take part in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative data were collected through 15 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with TB patients. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for the quantitative data while the thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. The internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory with Cronbach alphas of 0.87 and 0.86 for the 11-item and 12-item stigma measurement scale. The investigation revealed that TB stigma was high. The key drivers of TB stigma were the association of TB with HIV/AIDS and the fear of TB transmission. TB stigma was exemplified through patients being isolated by others, self-isolation, fear to disclose TB diagnosis, association of TB with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and lack of social support. Being a woman was significantly associated with high levels of both experienced stigma (p = 0.007) and perceived stigma (p = 0.005) while age, marital status, occupation and the patient's religion were not. There is a need to implement stigma reduction interventions in order to improve TB program outcomes.

Effect of socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents in Anambra State Nigeria

Aggressive behaviour is a serious malady to students, especially those in their adolescent stage. This study investigated the effect of Socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria. One research question guided the study and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design for the study is quasi-experimental, non-randomised pre-test and post-test, control group design. The population of the study was 323 senior secondary school adolescents with high aggressive behaviour in Anambra State. A sample size of 32 adolescents were purposively drawn from two schools with the highest number of adolescents with high aggressive behaviour and used for the study. Instrument for data collection was adopted from Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The internal consistency reliability coefficient for Nigeria sample is 0.80. The completed instruments were scored following the scoring instructions provided in the BPAQ manual. Mean scores were used to answer the research question, while the null hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA). The norm of 70.25 provided in BPAQ guided the decision. The finding of the study revealed that socio-cognitive skills’ training was effective in reducing aggressive behaviour of secondary school adolescents. The findings further revealed that the difference in the effect of socio-cognitive skills training on aggressive secondary school adolescents was significant when compared with those in the control group. Based on the findings it was recommended that the practicing counsellors and therapists should adopt the use of the technique in managing aggressive behaviours of secondary school adolescents.
 Keywords: Aggressive Behaviour, Secondary School Adolescents, Socio-cognitive Skills,Training

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS HOME PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPIL’S LEARNING AND PUPIL’S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

The study sought to determine the relationship between parents’ home participation in primary school pupil’s learning and pupil’s academic achievement in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was guided by five research questions and two null hypotheses. A correlational research design was used. Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 1,680 students from a population of 90,411 primary school pupils in Anambra State. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled “Parental Participation Questionnaire (PIQ)”. It has internal consistency reliability coefficient alpha of 0.78. The instrument was used to collect data which was administrated through the direct delivery approach. Research questions 1, 2, and 3 were answered using a range of aggregate scores, research questions 4 and 5 were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient while the null hypotheses tested using a t-test for correlation. Findings from the study revealed among others that there is a very low positive relationship existing between the primary school pupils’ parental participation in learning and their academic achievements in the English Language. Also, the findings revealed that there is a very low negative relationship existing between the primary school pupils’ parental participation in learning and their academic achievements in Mathematics. Based on the findings, it is recommended among others that guidance counsellors and school administrators should work together to help create fun and engaging educational programs that could engage parents in-home learning for their children as that may likely go a long way to help enhance their academic achievement. Article visualizations:

Psychometric Validation of the Job Satisfaction of Persons With Disabilities Scale

ObjectiveTo evaluate the measurement structure of the Job Satisfaction of Persons with Disabilities Scale (JSPDS) in a sample of employed U.S. Americans with disabilities.DesignA quantitative descriptive design using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and correlational analysis.ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty-nine individuals with disabilities who were employed at least 10 hours per week.ResultsThe EFA indicated a two-factor structure accounting for 42.99% of the total variance. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the Integrated Work Environment and Job Quality factors were .87 and .74 respectively. Both factors correlated with selected employment and well-being variables in logical directions.ConclusionThe two-factor measurement structure of the JSPDS appears to be valid and interpretable, and can be used in research and clinical settings in order to develop effective strategies for long-term employment success of people with disabilities.

SANAL SOSYAL DESTEK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNE UYARLANMASI/ ADAPTATION OF ONLINE SOCIAL SUPPORT SCALE TO TURKISH CULTURE

Bu araştırmanın amacı Nick, Cole, Cho, Smith, Carter ve Zelkowitz (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Sanal Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye uyarlamak, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarını yapmaktır. Araştırmada çalışma grubu olarak Akdeniz bölgesinde yer alan bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören 340 öğrenciyle (242 kız, 98 erkek) çalışılmıştır. Sanal Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin yapı geçerliğinin incelenmesi amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen model uyum indeksleri ölçeğin kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum verdiğini göstermektedir. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı .96 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin orijinal yapıdaki gibi 40 maddeden ve “duygusal destek”, “sosyal arkadaşlık”, “bilgi desteği” ve “araçsal destek” olmak üzere dört alt boyuttan oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik için yapılan analizlere göre ölçeğin sanal ortamdaki sosyallik ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiye (r=.62, p <.01), algılanan sosyal destek ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ancak düşük düzeyde bir ilişkiye (r=.18, p <.01) sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçek için yapılan geçerlik güvenirlik analiz sonuçları ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF HAPPINESS AT WORK SCALE

Bu araştırmanın amacı İşte Mutluluk Ölçeğini (Singh ve Aggarwal, 2018) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve geçerlik ve güvenirliğini sağlamaktır. Çalışma, bir alışveriş merkezinde farklı mağazalarda çalışan 260 kişi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 12 maddeden ve dört alt boyuttan (içsel motivasyon, işten soğutan duygular, destekleyici örgütsel deneyimler ve destekleyici olmayan örgütsel deneyimler) oluşan modelin iyi uyum indekslerine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (x²/df= 2.46, GFI= .93, CFI= .95, RMSEA= .07). Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayıları ölçeğin içsel motivasyon alt boyutu için α= .80, işten soğutan duygular alt boyutu için α= .75, destekleyici örgütsel deneyimler alt boyutu için α= .81, destekleyici olmayan örgütsel deneyimler alt boyutu için α= .82 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonları .49 ile .76 arasında sıralanmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri-13 (NKE-13)’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish translation of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 (NPI-13). This scale was developed by Gentile et al. (2013)/ NPI-13 Scale for college students was first translated into Turkish and then back-translated. Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to 308 college students. The internal consistency of the scale was examined for reliability, and second-order confirmative factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using Jamovi program for the validity of the scale. CFA, similar to the original scale, confirmed the fit of the 3-factor model (Leadership/ Authority; Grandiose/ Exhibitionism; Entitlement/ Exploitativeness). (χ2=130, df=60, χ2/df=2.17; RMSEA=0,0614, CFI=0,938; TLI=0.919). The internal consistency reliability coefficient of the whole scale is .84, Leadership/ Authority is .78, Grandiose/ Exhibitionism is .72, Entitlement/ Exploitativeness is .61. Our findings show that the Turkish version of the NPI-13 Scale has acceptable levels of reliability and validity for the selected samples.

Reliability and validity of culturally adapted Turkish Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire (SMFA-TR).

This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Turkish version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire (SMFA-TR) which primarily assesses the functional status of patients. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of SMFA to Turkish was made by the standardized procedure and tested for clinimetric quality. The following analyses were made to evaluate clinimetric quality of the SMFA-TR: reliability with factor analysis and Chronbach's α (construct validity), correlations between SMFA-TR and Short Form (SF)-36 (concurrent validity), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation analyses), floor and ceiling effects. The questionnaire was applied to 166 patients with musculoskeletal problems. All patients filled in the SMFA-TR and the validated Turkish SF-36 questionnaire. Forty-two patients returned to complete the same questionnaires at 10days. Factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure of the SMFA-TR. Cronbach's α values were over 0.88 for both original subscales (dysfunction and bother) of the SMFA. Internal consistency (0.88-0.94) and test-retest reliability coefficients (0.90-0.98) were high for both subscales. Turkish SF-36 questionnaire conventional subscales showed significant correlations with SMFA-TR subscales. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The Turkish version of the SMFA was found to be reliable and valid for Turkish-speaking patients with musculoskeletal injuries or disorders.

Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the hypertension self-care profile

The purpose of the study was to develop a Turkish version of the Hypertension Self-care Profile and to examine its reliability and validity. The sample consisted of 200 adults with hypertension. Internal consistency was estimated by calculating the Cronbach alpha coefficient and item-total score correlation regarding item reliability. The test-retest reliability for estimating the stability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for the factor construct validity. Internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from 0.937 to 0.942. The test-retest reliability was between 0.730 and 0.766. Item-total correlations had a range of 0.491 to 0.758. Single factor with an eigenvalue >1 was extracted for each scale. The Turkish version of the Hypertension Self-care Profile has been successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted to Turkish population.

Development and Validation of the Online Histrionic Personality Scale (OHPS) Using the DSM-5 Criteria for Histrionic Personality Disorder

The present study evaluated personality presentation in online environments in terms of histrionic personality. The aim of the study was to develop the Online Histrionic Personality Scale (OHPS). The OHPS was developed using the diagnostic criteria for histrionic personality disorder (HPD) in the DSM-5 and assesses histrionic behavior in online environments. The present study comprised 381 university students (219 females and 162 males) from four different samples. The validity of the OHPS was investigated utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. As a result of the EFA, a single-factor structure with an eigenvalue of 3.850 was found and accounted for 48.12% of the total variance. This one-dimensional structure was tested with CFA in two different samples. CFA results show that OHPS had an acceptable fit. The criterion validity of the OHPS was examined with the Desire for Being Liked Scale (DBLS) and the Histrionic Personality Belief subscale of the Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-STF). Analysis showed that the OHPS was significantly associated with desire for being liked (r = .65, p < .01) and histrionic personality beliefs (r = .70, p < .01). The reliability of the OHPS was evaluated with Cronbach’s α internal consistency reliability coefficient and corrected item total correlation coefficient in three different samples. The Cronbach α internal consistency coefficients of the OHPS were .84 (EFA sample), .88 (CFA sample), and .88 (criterion validity sample). Corrected item total correlation coefficients of OHPS ranged from .53 to .62 in the EFA sample, .47 to .78 in the CFA sample, and .52 to .76 in the criterion validity sample. The distribution of data was examined with floor and ceiling effects in three different samples. Finally, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated in three different samples. There were no floor and ceiling effects in the data, and the SEM values were within acceptable limits. When validity and reliability analyses of the OHPS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the OHPS is a valid and reliable scale that assesses online histrionic personality among university students.

Development and psychometric testing of the self-care scale for patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF-SCS-10).

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) require continuous self-care due to possible complications and side effects from treatment. However, existing tools do not capture all of the critical factors of AF self-care and have limited evidence of reliability and validity. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new Atrial Fibrillation Self-Care Scale-10 (AF-SCS-10) that assesses disease-specific, multidimensional, person-centered self-care for AF patients in South Korea. For this cross-sectional research design, 290 individuals over 20 years of age with a diagnosis of AF for at least three months were recruited. A literature review and in-depth interviews were utilized to identify the scale items. An expert panel evaluated the validity and reliability of a preliminary scale. Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis was performed to extract factors; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to evaluate fit on the factor structures. Criterion validity was supported by the correlation between AF-SCS-10 and AF quality of life. The internal consistency reliability coefficient was 0.87. Three factors, "self-care knowledge," "self-care behavior," and "self-care resources" were extracted from the exploratory factory analysis, explaining 79.30% of the total variance in the data. The three-factor model was also confirmed by parallel analysis; CFA met the fitness criteria. There is preliminary evidence for internal consistency reliability, as well as content and construct validity, for the AF-SCS-10. Future research is needed to confirm the study results using a larger, more culturally diverse sample.

Testing the Preliminary Validity of a Multidimensional Framework for Studying the Effects of Cancer Health Literacy on Cancer Screening Behaviors among Diverse Populations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a multidimensional framework to explore factors associated with cancer literacy and its effects on receiving cancer screenings among diverse populations. Based on the conceptual framework, we developed and pilot-tested the Multidimensional Cancer Literacy Questionnaire (MCLQ) among 1500 individuals (African Americans, Latinos and Whites) in Louisiana. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the MCLQ underlying structure and predominant factors explaining each of the dimensions in the model. A total of 82 items (explaining 67% of the total variance) in the MCLQ were grouped into 20 factors associated with three key dimensions related to cancer literacy. Preliminary validity of the MCLQ was supported: Cronbach alpha for the scale score was 0.89 and internal consistency reliability coefficients for each factor were all above 0.67. The Facilitators Domain included five factors (28 items) that may positively influence individuals to have early-detection cancer screenings. The Barriers Domain included seven factors (26 items) explaining aspects that may negatively influence individuals to have cancer screenings. The Cultural Domain included eight factors (28 items) related to aspects that influence positively or negatively individuals’ perceptions regarding cancer as a disease, screenings and treatments. A multidimensional framework to study cancer literacy, including cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices, as well as facilitators and barriers, among diverse populations, will increase understanding of factors influencing individuals’ approach to cancer prevention and screening. Results will inform further testing of the multidimensional framework and questionnaire.

Personality Traits As Predictors Of Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses In The University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Rivers State

The study investigated personality traits as predictors of burnout syndrome among nurses in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Rivers State. The study used the correlational research design. The population of the study comprised of all 750 nurses in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A sample of 300 nurses from Paediatrics Ward, Male Ward, Female Ward and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), were randomly selected using the simple random sampling technique (balloting). Two instruments titled; Maslach Burnout Scale (MBS) by Maslach (1996) and Personality Inventory (NEO) by Costa and McCrae (1992) were used to collect data for the study. The Cronbach Alpha reliability was used to establish the internal consistency reliability coefficients of 0.87 and 0.81respectively. Responses to the research questions were analyzed with mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses will be tested with multiple regression associated with independent sample t-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed that personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience) jointly predict burnout syndrome among nurses in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Further analysis of the result showed that when personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience where looked at independently, only neuroticism and extraversion relate significantly predict burnout syndrome while openness to experience did not. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended among others that counsellors, psychologists and others in the helping profession should readily offer practical assistance to nurses experiencing burnout to enable them cope with the stressful experience they encounter in their daily work assignments.

Development of wellness scale for emerging adults: Validity and reliability study

Conceptualizing wellness requires a systematic assessment with reliable, valid and accurate measurements. The purpose of the study is to develop both a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the wellness of emerging adults. This research is composed of three separate studies. In the first study, item pool was generated and content validity was evaluated. In the second study (n = 343), factor structure with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent validity and internal reliability of the Wellness Scale for Emerging Adults (WSEA) were investigated. In the third study (n = 357), the factor structure of WSEA was determined by EFA and it was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a different sample. EFA results showed that WSEA had a single-factor structure and CFA results indicated that single-factor structure model showed acceptable fit. In addition, the internal consistency reliability coefficient of WSEA was calculated in the third study. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as .81 and .82, respectively in the second and third studies. The findings demonstrate that WSEA is a reliable and valid instrument.

Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observational Tool in Palliative Care

PurposePain assessment at the end of life remains a problem for patients who are unable to self-report their pain when transitioning across care settings. This study therefore tested the internal consistency and discriminant, concurrent, and convergent validity of the Critical-Care Pain Observational Tool (French version) when used with end-of-life patients in a palliative care setting. DesignThis was a descriptive correlational study that used a repeated-measures within-subjects prospective design. MethodsThe pain of 13 patients was assessed when at rest and during turning. ResultsThe internal consistency reliability coefficient alphas were .64 at rest and .70 during turning. Discriminant validity was shown by a decrease in the total Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool score. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by the association between the patients' self-report of pain and the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool score at rest (0.65, p < .016) and during turning (0.77, p = .002). Finally, the convergent validity between the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool score and the Algoplus scale score was demonstrated with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.76 at rest and 0.84 during turning. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool can be used with end-of-life patients in French-speaking countries.

Development and performance test of the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in urban area of China

Objective: To develop the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years living in urban area of China, and test its validity and reliability. Methods: The content of the environment scale was established through the literature review, expert consultation and pilot study. A total of 1 104 children aged 0-6 years in urban area of Changsha were enrolled in this study by using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children, the incidence of unintentional injury and the status of home environment. The reliability of the scale was tested by using Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient. The content validity and construct validity were tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and factor analysis. All children were divided into two groups according to the incidence of unintentional injury in the home and the discrimination validity of the scale was tested by using t-test. Results: The scale had 54 items in 6 dimensions. The number of eligible questionnaires was 1 074, including 554 (51.6%) from boys and 519 (48.3%) from children under 3 years old. The incidence rate of unintentional injury and in-home injury was 18.34% (197 children) and 10.71% (115 children). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and the split-efficacy reliability coefficient was 0.82, both meeting the standard of reliability above 0.70. The Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 (all P values <0.001). The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the scale was 58.34%. There were 54 items with factor loadings greater than 0.30. The root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index and goodness-of-fit index were 0.07, 0.61 and 0.71, respectively. The score of scale in children with injury was significantly higher than that in children without injury (P=0.022). Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the environment scale for unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in the urban area of China are good.

Evaluation of Resistance to Violence in Intimate Relationships: Initial Development and Validation.

This study addresses the need for assessments to support clinical practice and research with survivors/victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). A total of 236 women who stayed in domestic violence shelters in a Northeastern state completed responses to 38 statements defining three categories of resistance to IPV: (a) yielding, (b) withdrawing, and (c) confronting. Content validity was established through interviews with survivors and reviews by a panel of experts. Results of an exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution. Subscale scores showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability coefficients. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.

Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-10 in breast cancer patients

Objectives: Fatigue is very common in patients with breast cancer. Developing appropriate measurement tools to assess fatigue is critical. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-10 (MFI-10) in patients with breast cancer. Design: A cross-sectional validation study. Methods: The MFI-10 was translated in Chinese using a combination of expert assessment and cross-cultural adaptations. The Chinese version of MFI-10 was then administered to 402 patients with breast cancer from three affiliated hospitals. Results: Principal component analysis extracted three factors that explained 78.197% of the total variance. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of MFI-10 scale was 0.864. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to data (χ 2 = 51.638, df = 35, NFI = 0.943, CFI = 0.981, AGFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.975 and RMSEA = 0.049), which represents good construct validity. Conclusions: The MFI-10 is a reliable and valid tool to measure fatigue in Chinese patients with breast cancer.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL). The MENQOL was translated into Korean according to algorithm of linguistic validation process. A total of 308 menopausal women were recruited and assessed using the Korean version of MENQOL (MENQOL-K), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-K). In estimating reliability, internal consistency reliability coefficients were calculated. Validity was evaluated through criterion validity and construct validity with confirmatory factor analyses using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 25.0 software. In item analyses, the "increased facial hair" symptom was excluded because of the low contribution of MENQOL-K. The confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for MENQOL-K model, and the four-factor structure was validated (χ²=553.28, p<.001, NC=1.84, RMSEA=.05, AGIF=.85, AIC=765.28). The MENQOL-K consists of 28 items in 4 domains, including vasomotor (3 items), psychosocial (7 items), physical (15 items), and sexual subscales (3 items). There was an acceptable criterion validity with moderately significant correlation between MENQOL-K and WHOQOL-BREF. The Cronbach's α for the 4 subsacles ranged from .80 to .93. The MENQOL-K is a valid and reliable scale to measure condition-specific quality of life for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It can be used to assess the impact of menopausal symptoms on the quality of life of Korean women in clinical trials.

Readiness of school teachers to accept notifications about causes and preventive measures on food poisoning

INTRODUCTION:In this era of globalization, urbanization, and rapidly expanding unhygienic food corners across the globe, the incidence of food poisoning is very common nowadays.AIM:The aim of our study was to investigate the perceptions and readiness of schoolteachers to accept notifications on food poisoning as a part of education to the students.METHODOLOGY:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the help of a validated questionnaire for data collection. Our research involved schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar. The questionnaire was pretested among the eligible trainee teachers and yielded an internal consistency reliability coefficient (c = Cronbach's alpha) of 0.082. This study was conducted from October 29, 2017, to December 14, 2018, in Muar. Our sample size was 259. Ethical consent was obtained from the Institution Ethical Committee.RESULTS:A total of 259 schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar were included in this study. In our study, 81.1% of the teachers responded that they can easily educate their students about food poisoning. Most of them (93.1%) were ready to receive notifications on food poisoning in any mode, and about 72% of the teachers preferred WhatsApp as their mode of receiving notification. The least (1.2%) preferred mode of notification was LINE (a social app). Teachers' willingness to disseminate the information regarding food poisoning was also higher (98.5%).CONCLUSIONS:We concluded that majority of the schoolteachers had a good perception and were ready to receive the notifications on food poisoning through WhatsApp as a part of education to the students.