Internal Aspects Research Articles

PERAN GURU AGAMA HINDU DALAM MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BELAJAR BIDANG STUDI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DI SMP NEGERI I PERMATA KECUBUNG

The purpose of this study is to find out the aspects that cause the lack of interest in learning of grade 9 students in the field of Hindu Religious Education at SMP Negeri I Permata Kekubung. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of many students who are often absent for various reasons that cannot be accounted for, ignoring the tasks given by teachers, low interest in reading and most of the students are passive in the teaching and learning process. This research is a case study research. The approach used in this study is qualitative. Data sources are obtained through observation, structured interviews, and documentation. In order to obtain data validity, the data source triangulation method is applied. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the aspects that caused the lack of interest in learning of students were internal aspects consisting of: students' ideals and low understanding of concepts in the field of Hindu Religious Education study, external aspects consisting of family economic status, the absence of support from parents that can support the improvement of students' religious knowledge, the lack of parental knowledge of Hindu teachings, and the state of the environment that does not reflect as a religious society. The results of the study also show that the teacher concerned has played a role in fostering the learning interest of grade 9 students in the field of Hindu Religious Education. Hindu Religious Education teachers can use the findings of this study as a guideline to make efforts to improve learning.

A method for decontaminating a dental implant and components after abutment screw loosening: A clinical report

Abutment screw loosening is the most common complication in single implant-supported crowns, typically remedied by simply reattaching the restoration, preferably using a new abutment screw. The internal aspect of the implant along with any other components should be decontaminated before reconnection. This clinical report provides information on the appropriate management of the decontamination process, as well as evidence of the foreign material found within the implant body.

The Declining Role of Islamic Politics and The Jokowi’s Factors in the 2024 Presidential Election: A Study of Contemporary Political Policies and Dynamics in Indonesia

Research Problem: This abstract discusses the complex challenges faced by Islamic parties in the 2024 presidential election related to Jokowi's role as president. This report focuses on the dynamics of constellation formation between candidates competing in the 2024 presidential election. Research purposes: The main aim of this abstract is to examine the complexity of the problems faced by Islamic parties in the 2024 presidential election. This report aims to explain why Islamic parties cannot unite, but instead try to defeat each other in the election, due to the existence of forces outside of them who are capable of determine political dynamics in a presidential system. Research methods: Methodologically, this abstract refers to a case study of the experience of Islamic parties in contesting the 2024 presidential election in Indonesia. This report uses a qualitative analysis approach to investigate the political dynamics of the 2024 presidential election which also involves the influence of President Jokowi. Results and Discussion: This abstract discusses the challenges faced by political parties in Indonesia, especially Islamic political parties, in the 2024 presidential election which will be held simultaneously with the legislative elections. President Jokowi's influence is important in popularizing political parties that support the presidential candidates he supports, so that it also influences the results of the legislative elections for each Islamic party. Research Implications and Contributions: This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges faced by Islamic parties, both those that already exist and those that are just emerging in the 2024 elections. This report invites further research and discussion regarding important external (influence of the President in power) and internal aspects of Islamic parties. (institutional power and their consolidation).

Digital transformation readiness in large manufacturing firms: a building block model proposition

PurposeThis study identified the key factors that can be used to assess manufacturers' readiness for DT.Design/methodology/approachNon-participating observations and semi-structured interviews were applied to five large manufacturers in Brazil and four in the UK, using content analysis.FindingsThe paper (1) identifies and discusses the aspects that companies need to consider for digital readiness; (2) presents a model developed in building blocks for DT readiness, which goes beyond the technical dimension; (3) argues that few firms fully understand DT’s meaning, opportunities and risks, and they should invest in strategic and socio-managerial preparation; (4) emphasizes government support as crucial to assist the business digital journey and (5) highlights that DT is a human transformation and technology users are the primary agents of this change.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the literature proposes models regarding the levels of digital maturity, the present study investigates which organizational aspects need to be taken into account to be ready for digital change. The present study identified digital resources concerning the digital context (for instance, agile, collaborative, absorptive and data analytics capabilities) and provided an integrated view that encompasses also external aspects of the environment that need to be taken into consideration when performing the analysis, a contribution to strategic management literature in the sense that it goes beyond studies that usually explore only internal aspects of the firm that cannot properly explain how digitalization can be achieved by an organization.Practical implicationsTechnologies do not cause changes without people being able to extract and understand the value of the use and impact of these technologies. Business innovation demands engagement, attitudes and connections between people. If the factories do not mobilize and train internal and external collaborators to realize the value of digital technologies, the promised gains of DT will hardly be realized. Preparing people is one of the most challenging aspects of business digitalization. The proposed framework offers a multidimensional view of DT, providing insights into strategic aspects and the roles and mindset of employees in organizations on their digital journey, characterized by constant learning. DT is a work of change management, done with, for and by people. The article also helps companies identify critical factors to evaluate before operationalizing digital innovation practices.Social implicationsThis study also contributes to policymakers, such as government and industry consortia, in establishing relevant factors when policies are being drawn. Analyzing the factors for a sector, in general, might inform the investment priority in actions that might foster DT for that sector. Given the recurring turmoils in the global economic environment, broad policies need to be established by the government for business digitalization, which can boost the performance of the productive sector.Originality/valueThis study provides valuable insights consolidated into a DT readiness model. The article helps companies identify critical factors to evaluate before operationalizing digital practices. It compares the differences and commonalities among factories in an underdeveloped country versus an industrialized nation.

The Usage of Paylater Among College Students: The Role of Self-Control, Hedonistic Conformity, and Family Financial Education

Research aims: The increasing phenomenon of the unwise use of Paylater in society, even among college students, is interesting to review further. This study aims to test the role of self-control and hedonistic conformity with the moderation of family financial education on the use of Paylater by university students.Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data was obtained through a survey involving 117 respondents who have or are currently using the Paylater service. Furthermore, the data was processed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method.Research findings: This study produced the following findings: hedonistic conformity was proven to have a positive effect on the use of Paylater in the full sample and in two sub-samples. This finding is in line with the TPB modification used in this research, hedonic conformity as a proxy for subjective norms has been shown to contribute positively to the use of Paylater among colleege students. Meanwhile, the role of family financial education has not been proven to moderate the regression path of self-control and hedonic conformity on the use of Paylater.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to enriching the literature on personal financial management, especially regarding the use of Paylater based on internal and external factors of students.Practitioners/Policy Implications: These results offer recommendations for personal financial management, especially for university students, to avoid the risk of being trapped by Paylater by paying attention to their social community and prioritizing family financial education.Research Limitations/Implications: Respondents were mostly undergraduate students, so this study cannot explain the dynamics of financial behavior among undergraduate and postgraduate students who have different demographic characteristics. Therefore, future research needs to analyze different sample groups to enrich the scientific perspective. Furthermore, to provide depth of analysis, this study proposes to add other internal aspects of the individual to the TPB theoretical framework (e.g.: perception of usury and financial risk tolerance). Last but not least, regarding the development of indicators from the family financial education variable that does not yet include personal debt management education items, hence this indicator can be added as a proxy for this variable to obtain in-depth measurements.

Active control for higher order micro sandwich beam with various cores integrated by piezoelectric layers based on MSGT on the Pasternak foundation

In the present article, the vibration suppression of higher order micro sandwich beams based on modified strain gradient beam theory (MSGT) and Reddy/Timoshenko beam theories is developed. Three types of core, including honeycomb, foam, and porous for a micro sandwich beam, are considered. The core’s top and bottom are integrated by piezoelectric layers as actuator and sensor, respectively. Displacement fields are defined via third-order shear deformation beam theory (TSDBT) (or Reddy beam theory (RBT)) and first-order shear deformation beam theory (FSDBT) (or Timoshenko beam theory (TBT)). The governing equations of motion are derived using MSGT to consider the small-scale effect. To optimal approaches for the controller, state feedback is designed based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) in the state-space form. Moreover, the effect of various parameters, including small-scale parameters, three types of core, temperature changes, Pasternak foundation, density of core, dimensionless cell thickness ([Formula: see text]), and internal aspect ratio ([Formula: see text]), angles ([Formula: see text]) of honeycomb, and the porosity parameter is performed on the active control of the smart micro sandwich beam. The numerical results indicate that the parameters mentioned significantly affect the optimal vibration control of the smart micro sandwich beam. It is found that the lightweight cores have more attenuation of the transient response and faster settling time. By analyzing the effect of temperature changes on active vibration control of lighter core, it was found that the frequency decreases as the temperature increases. Also, by considering the Pasternak foundation, it is found that the time period without considering the elastic foundation is longer than when considering the elastic foundation, and the natural frequency is vice versa. Also, the settling time by considering the elastic foundation occurs earlier. In the active control field of smart micro beams, this theoretical investigation developed widely as a benchmark for experimental research and the manufacturing process.

Strategies Management for Mass Customization in the Apparel Industry: Case of Market Demand and Risk in China

With the development and adjustment of the industrial structure, the manufacturing industry, especially the transformation and upgrading of the apparel industry, is crucial for Chinas high-quality economic development. This paper studies the strategies of cooperation, consumer demand response, and risk identification and control in the mass customization market of the Chinese apparel industry. Firstly, it explores the co-creation strategies among enterprises in mass customization, analyzing cases of efficient resource allocation and cooperation in excellent apparel companies. Secondly, from the consumer behavior perspective, it studies how companies meet personalized needs through combined online and offline marketing models and brand positioning strategies. Finally, analyzing the supply chain, consumers, and internal aspects of enterprises, the risk factors in the mass customization market are identified, and corresponding pre-control measures are proposed. This study aims to provide management suggestions for apparel enterprises in the wave of mass customization, helping small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face market challenges and improve operational efficiency and market competitiveness.

The Effect of Modelling Instruction on the Interest and Achievement of Lower Basic 5 Special Needs Pupils in Special Needs Schools in Abia State, Nigeria

The study investigated the effect of modelling instruction on the interest and achievement of lower basic 5 special needs pupils in special needs schools in Abia state, Nigeria. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest non randomised control group using 2x2 factorial matrix, and gender as moderating variable. Two intact class of lower basic 5 special needs pupils were used for the study and were assigned as experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 12 pupils’ and control group 15 pupils. Data were collected using a 34-item multiple choice Home Economics Achievement Test (HEAT). The questionnaire contained 10 Likert-type questions on interest scale. The instrument was subjected to face and content validation. Face and content validation were carried out by three experts. The internal consistency aspect of the reliability of the instrument was determined using Kuder Richardson (K-R20) formula which yielded an index of 0.81 indicating that the instrument was highly reliable. The experiment which lasted for six weeks was carried out with the assistance of the regular Home Economies teachers in the sampled schools. The HEAT was used to collect data for the Pre-Test, and Post-test and the retention tests. The data collected from the pupils were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the three research questions that guided the study, while the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the three null-hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results among others showed that pupils’ Modelling teaching strategy has had an increasing and significant mean score difference on interest scores and achievement scores of primary five special needs pupils’ when taught Home Economics using Modelling teaching strategy and those taught using lecture method. Furthermore, gender has no significant effect on primary five special needs pupils’ taught Home Economics using modelling teaching strategy and those taught using lecture method. It is recommended that Government and relevant professional bodies should pay more attention to special needs schools by providing the needed instructional materials for better instructional delivery.

Analisis Strategi Manajemen Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Sibolga Berdasarkan Analisis SWOTt

This research aims to evaluate the dominant internal and external factors affecting the effectiveness of managing Zakat, Infaq, and Sedekah (ZIS) at BAZNAS Sibolga. The research method involves SWOT analysis to identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats in ZIS management. The analysis results indicate that Management Strengths and Operational Efficiency are the strongest internal aspects with a score of 92%, while Weaknesses such as Limited Resources and Inconsistent Implementation require more attention. To enhance effectiveness, Potential Collaborations and Government Support are considered key opportunities with scores of 100% and 85%, respectively. Threats such as Policy Changes and Competition need to be anticipated. In conclusion, optimizing Operational Efficiency with a focus on the collection and utilization of ZIS funds is key to improving community welfare and reducing poverty in Sibolga.

Merangkul Kembali yang Terasing: "Strategi Praktis Gereja dalam memanggil kembali Jemaat yang Jarang Beribadah"

The increasing number of congregants who rarely attend worship has become a serious challenge for many churches in maintaining spiritual engagement and community commitment. This study aims to identify the factors that cause congregants to distance themselves from worship activities and to explore strategies that churches can implement to reengage alienated members. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with 8 selected congregants who had demonstrated inactivity in worship, focusing on a case study at Church HKBP Pardamean. The interview findings revealed several key factors contributing to the lack of attendance, including the rising demands of modern life, individualism influenced by technology, and disappointment with internal church aspects. Based on these findings, the study recommends practical strategies for churches, such as personalized approaches and strengthening the sense of belonging among congregants. This article aims to provide guidance for churches in addressing the issue of congregational disengagement and developing a more inclusive pastoral approach.

Perancangan Model Bisnis Kaki Bukit Coffee Menggunakan Metode Business Model Canvas

Kaki Bukit Coffee is a coffee shop located in West Bandung Regency, precisely on Jl. Maribaya No.16, Kayuambon, Lembang District, which was founded on December 16 2018. This coffee shop offers various types of drinks, both hot and cold, such as Basic Coffee, Flavored Coffee, Freshener, and Tea. However, Kaki Bukit Coffee faces several challenges, including not achieving its revenue target. This challenge is caused by several factors such as lack of employee capability, limited space capacity, lack of product innovation, many competitors, the influence of rainy weather, less than optimal promotional strategies, and limited use of promotional media only via Instagram. This research aims to identify and overcome the problems faced by Kaki Bukit Coffee through evaluating and designing a new business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) method. The improvement process begins with collecting data regarding the current condition of the business model, including customer profiles obtained through questionnaires and analysis of the business environment through literature studies. Next, a SWOT analysis is carried out to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats from internal and external aspects, as well as identifying the value proposition canvas to formulate the right strategy. Several proposals were put forward to solve problems such as in the Value Proposition block, proposals included increasing product variations, offering variations in glass sizes and toppings, as well as providing bundling packages. In the Customer Segments block, the focus is on increasing the number of Lembang customers. For Channels, proposals include increasing the use of online food delivery applications such as GoFood, increasing promotions via social media such as Instagram, adding the ShopeeFood and TikTok platforms, as well as displaying menu lists and linktr.ee on Instagram profiles. In the Customer Relationship block, proposals include offering discounts and promos, providing special promotions for local residents, as well as providing WiFi connections. In the Key Activities block, increasing sales and marketing activities, adding training and HR development programs, as well as improving indoor and outdoor facilities are priorities. In the Key Partners block, namely increasing cooperation with raw material suppliers. Meanwhile, in the Cost Structure block, the proposal includes additional costs for improving indoor and outdoor facilities, training and human resource development costs, as well as costs for WiFi connections. Lastly, in the Revenue Streams block, the focus is on increasing product sales offline and online.

Analíticas de recursos humanos para la gestión del cambio y de la felicidad

owadays, companies are in a constant process of change, and they need to be flexible and innovative and take care of the well-being of their employees. Events such as the pandemic COVID19 have highlighted the need to consider new perspectives to address Human Resources Management. Human Resource Analytics (HRA) are tools that help to understand and implement better Human Resources policies and strategies. However, many of the literature reviews on HRA only analyse what has been published up to 2021 and, moreover, do not usually considerdifferent time periods for the identification of the issues studied, which would help to better understand the evolution of the issues. Therefore,the aim of this paper is to present a structured and period-based picture of the main Human Resource Analytics themes studied and to proposenew themes for future research. The results obtained have been grouped into the following thematic categories: context, internal aspects, tools,applications and effects. From these results, two novel themes have been identified: change management and happiness management. And twotheoretical models for the adoption of HRA have been proposed, one on decision-making and one on organisational change. These models canserve as a starting point for future research and have a direct application for decision making in companies.

Sufism with the Integration of Humans: Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Perspective

In this research paper, I aim to explore and discover the relation of Sufism with the integration of humans in the light of Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s view. I will also discuss the fundamental principle of Sufism, the historical development of Sufism, Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s view on Sufism, the spiritual trends in Sufism, Classical as well as the Modern approach to Sufism, and finally Sufi thoughts and Practices. Sufism, which, in my opinion, is a psycho-physical analysis, is a philosophy of love and God-intoxication. Initially, it was ascetic and devotional but later became speculative and doctrinal. It is a path of spiritualism and achievement of purity and gnosis of God. It is a philosophy that is as old as Islam and an essential part of it. The Sufi practice comprises the dogma of love towards God through the love of human beings, purification of the soul, the process of detachment, simplicity, and service to humankind. Most Sufis put an undivided importance on the moral value system and the sacred relation of Murshid (Guide) and Murid (Disciple). If we analyze these principles of Sufism, then it becomes clear that Sufism is a philosophy that promotes communal harmony, peace, tolerance, and co-existence in society. Seyyed Hossein Nasr explains Sufism as the marrow of the bones or the internal aspects of the Islamic revelation is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. The integration of human beings implies the awareness of the One and the transformation of the countless in the light of the One. It is, therefore, the full realization of that faith or Iman, which is the fundamental basis of Islam. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 113-129

Optimizing Selective Laser Melting of Inconel 625 Superalloy Through Statistical Analysis of Surface and Volumetric Defects

This article delves into optimizing and modeling the input parameters for the selective laser melting (SLM) process on Inconel 625. The primary aim is to investigate the microstructure within the interlayer regions post-process optimization. For this study, 100 layers with a thickness of 40 µm each were produced. Utilizing the design of experiments (DOE) methodology and employing the Response Surface Method (RSM), the SLM process was optimized. Input parameters such as laser power (LP) and hatch distance (HD) were considered, while changes in microhardness and roughness, Ra, were taken as the responses. Sample microstructure and surface alterations were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to ascertain how many defects and properties of Inconel 625 can be controlled using DOE. Porosity and lack of fusion, which were due to rapid post-powder melting solidification, prompted detailed analysis of the flaws both on the surfaces of and in terms of the internal aspects of the samples. An understanding of the formation of these imperfections can help refine the process for enhanced integrity and performance of Inconel 625 printed material. Even slight directional changes in the columnar dendrite structures are discernible within the layers. The microstructural characteristics observed in these samples are directly related to the parameters of the SLM process. In this study, the bulk samples achieved a microhardness of 452 HV, with the minimum surface roughness recorded at 9.9 µm. The objective of this research was to use the Response Surface Method (RSM) to optimize the parameters to result in the minimum surface roughness and maximum microhardness of the samples.

Black Box Adversarial Reprogramming for Time Series Feature Classification in Ball Bearings’ Remaining Useful Life Classification

Standard ML relies on ample data, but limited availability poses challenges. Transfer learning offers a solution by leveraging pre-existing knowledge. Yet many methods require access to the model’s internal aspects, limiting applicability to white box models. To address this, Tsai, Chen and Ho introduced Black Box Adversarial Reprogramming for transfer learning with black box models. While tested primarily in image classification, this paper explores its potential in time series classification, particularly predictive maintenance. We develop an adversarial reprogramming concept tailored to black box time series classifiers. Our study focuses on predicting the Remaining Useful Life of rolling bearings. We construct a comprehensive ML pipeline, encompassing feature engineering and model fine-tuning, and compare results with traditional transfer learning. We investigate the impact of hyperparameters and training parameters on model performance, demonstrating the successful application of Black Box Adversarial Reprogramming to time series data. The method achieved a weighted F1-score of 0.77, although it exhibited significant stochastic fluctuations, with scores ranging from 0.3 to 0.77 due to randomness in gradient estimation.

ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INCREASING SALES AT SIGER ROEMAH BATIK LAMPUNG

Lampung Batik has become a cultural heritage and creative industry that is rich in historical and artistic values. Siger Roemah Batik Lampung as one of the main players in this industry, plays an important role in preserving and developing the tradition of Lampung batik. This research aims to uncover ideas that can be implemented, in order to increase sales of Siger Roemah Batik Lampung. This research data comes from interviews, observations, all of which are qualitative approach methods. In this study, marketing mix, IFE/EFE analysis, SWOT analysis and QSPM Matrix were used as analytical tools on Internal and External aspects in Siger Roemah Batik Lampung Company. Siger Roemah Batik Lampung can take strategic steps based on the company's internal strengths and existing external opportunities, taking into account internal weaknesses and external threats that may occur. Thus, companies can optimize their potential and overcome the challenges faced within the company.

Analysis of the Development Status and Existing Problems of Apple Company

Understanding and analyzing the development of technology companies is crucial for the healthy development of the industry. This article takes Apple as an example and focuses on analyzing the current development status and trends of the enterprise based on its financial situation. Intended to address two issues: one is Apple's recent financial performance; Another challenge it will face. This article uses case analysis method and SWOT analysis to focus on exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by an Apple company. The research results indicate that the current financial development status of an Apple company is good, but it still faces some competitive pressure in the future. Although it has certain market advantages, efforts will still be made from both internal and external environmental aspects in the future. This study takes Apple as the research object, and the research conclusions can provide reference value for future researchers. At the same time, it has important practical significance for the healthy development of Apple in the future and better understanding of the development trends of technology companies.

Analysis Of MSME Performance To Improve Consumer Satisfaction

The aim of carrying out this research is to analyze the internal performance of Mojokkopi MSMEs within Begawan Apartments, which highlights the best side of Mojokkopi's internal performance as a business strategy. Data collection for this research was carried out using interview methods and direct observation of MSMEs, which are described in qualitative research methods.. The results of this research are that Mojokkopi has an interesting internal aspect, the developments they have made have experienced very significant differences from when they were founded until now. And currently Mojokkopi can compete with well-known internal tenants in Begawan Apartments.

FEAR, APPREHENSION, AND EVALUATION: EXPLORING THE SOURCES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ANXIETY IN THAI GRADUATE STUDENTS

This study qualitatively explores the causes of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) among Thai graduate students. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with participants from various higher education institutions. Thematic analysis identified three central themes: Linguistic Competence Issues, Social and Relational Factors, and Emotional and Psychological Influences. Linguistic Competence Issues include challenges such as insufficient grammatical knowledge, limited vocabulary, poor pronunciation, and lack of practice, which undermine students' confidence and communication skills. Social and Relational Factors involve external pressures like teacher expectations, peer perceptions, and the fear of social judgment. Emotional and Psychological Influences encompass internal aspects such as fear of making mistakes, lack of self-confidence, and personality traits that exacerbate anxiety. The findings also reveal that students from private universities generally experience higher levels of FLCA compared to those from Rajabhat universities. This disparity is attributed to differences in institutional support systems, the diversity of student populations resulting from more relaxed admission criteria, and the presence of a more competitive academic environment. These findings highlight the complex nature of English language anxiety and underscore the importance of targeted interventions. By addressing these specific concerns, educators can enhance the educational experience for English as a Foreign Language (EFL).<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Adversity Quotient as a Predictor of Self-Adjustment of Islamic Boarding School Students

Self-adjustment is an effort made by individuals in overcoming problems to harmonize self-pressure and the environment. Meanwhile, the adversity quotient is the intelligence a person has in overcoming difficulties and being able to survive. A person's adversity quotient can be measured by their ability to overcome every problem in life without giving up hope. The method used in this research uses quantitative research methods with a correlational research design. There were 169 participants in this research. Data analysis in this study used a simple regression test. The results of the research show that the adversity quotient is able to predict students' self-adjustment abilities while studying at Islamic boarding schools. Adversity quotient can be an internal aspect of students that can be improved so that students are able to adapt to changing conditions while studying at Islamic boarding schools.